usus: Difference between revisions
τὸ κακὸν δοκεῖν ποτ' ἐσθλὸν τῷδ' ἔμμεν' ὅτῳ φρένας θεὸς ἄγει πρὸς ἄταν → evil appears as good to him whose mind the god is leading to destruction (Sophocles, Antigone 622f.)
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|lshtext=<b>ūsus</b>: a, um, Part. of [[utor]].<br /><b>ūsus</b>: ūs, m. [[utor]],<br /><b>I</b> the [[use]] or using of [[any]] [[thing]], in the widest [[sense]] (cf.: [[consuetudo]], mos).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>A</b> In gen.<br /> <b>1</b> The [[use]], [[employment]], [[exercise]] of [[any]] [[thing]]; [[with]] gen. obj.: [[virtus]] in usu sui tota posita est: [[usus]] [[autem]] ejus est [[maximus]] civitatis [[gubernatio]], Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2: [[cetera]], ad virtutis usum idonea, id. Ac. 1, 6, 22.—Absol.: Quaeque ipsi doceant in usu habere, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: nec [[rhus]] Latinum [[nomen]] habet, cum in usum pluribus modis veniat, Plin. 24, 11, 54, § 91.—<br /> <b>2</b> Wear, a wearing [[out]] or [[away]] ([[poet]].): [[ferreus]] adsiduo consumitur [[anulus]] usu, Ov. A. A. 1, 473: silices tenuantur ab usu, id. ib. 3, 91.—<br /> <b>3</b> Use, [[enjoyment]], [[fruition]]: et usu rerum necessarium et dignitate spoliatum iri, Caes. B. G. 7, 66: tantumque nobis in [[nostrum]] privatum usum, [[quantum]] ipsi superesse posset, remitteret, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: [[cave]] sis ne tu te usu [[perduis]] (i. e. ex usu tui), [[lose]] [[control]] of [[yourself]], Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225 Ussing ad loc.—<br /> <b>4</b> Use, [[practice]], [[exercise]]: [[tantum]] usu cottidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti, etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 33: [[quod]] adsiduus [[usus]] uni rei [[deditus]] et [[ingenium]] et artem [[saepe]] vincit, Cic. Balb. 20, 45: cum rerum magnarum [[tractatio]] [[atque]] [[usus]] cum illarum artium studiis et cognitione conjungitur, id. Rep. 3, 3, 5: ad eam doctrinam, [[quam]] suo [[quisque]] [[studio]] adsecutus esset, adjungeretur [[usus]] [[frequens]], id. de Or. 1, 4, 15: docuit nos longa [[vita]] ususque rerum maximarum, id. ib. 2, 50, 204: usu [[quidem]] in re publicā rerum maximarum [[facile]] [[omnis]] viceris, id. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—<br /> <b>5</b> Use, [[experience]], [[discipline]], [[skill]] [[acquired]] by [[practice]] (cf. [[experientia]]): Da. O Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. Mi [[usus]] venit, hoc [[scio]], i. e. I [[have]] [[found]] it so by [[experience]], Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23 (al. usu venit;<br /> v. [[infra]], II. C. 2.): vir tali prudentiā, [[etiam]] usu [[atque]] exercitatione [[praeditus]], Cic. Clu. 31, 84: res posita in usu militari, id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: usum in re publicā magnum habere, id. Phil. 10, 2, 6: magnum in re militari usum habere, Caes B G. 1, 39; id. B. C. 2, 34: non recusare se, [[quin]] nullius [[usus]] [[imperator]] existimaretur, id. ib. 3, 45: nullo usu rei [[militaris]] percepto, id. B. G. 6, 40; id. B. C. 3, 84: usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt, id. B. G. 3, 8: ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallerent, id. B. C. 3, 86: et [[Marius]] aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus, Sall. J. 84, 3; cf. id. ib. 89, 6: dantur duo usu sapientiāque praestantes, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2: [[seris]] venit [[usus]] ab annis, Ov. M. 6, 29: tum foeda [[clades]], Romanisque usu incognita, Flor. 2, 2, 23. —Personified: adiciam [[quod]] me docuit [[usus]], [[magister]] [[egregius]], [[experience]], Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 12: usum et esse et haberi optimum dicendi magistrum, id. ib. 6, 29, 4.—<br /> <b>6</b> Use, [[habit]], [[usage]], [[custom]], [[practice]]: usum loquendi [[populo]] concessi: scientiam mihi reservavi, Cic. Or. 48, 160: dicendi [[omnis]] [[ratio]] in [[medio]] posita communi quodam in usu, id. de Or. 1, 3, 12: [[neque]] quem usum belli haberent, aut quibus institutis uterentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 20: (vitulos) ad [[studium]] [[atque]] usum formabis agrestem, Verg. G. 3, 163: est [[omnino]] Capitoni in usu claros viros colere, it is his [[custom]], Plin. Ep. 1, 17, 3: populum auctoritate suā ad usum frugalitatis revocavit, Just. 20, 4, 5: ab his [[Galli]] usum vitae cultioris didicerunt, id. 43, 4, 1: at horum [[recitatio]] usu jam recepta est, Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 3: cadent vocabula, si volet [[usus]], Hor. A. P. 71.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> In jurid. lang.<br /> <b>a</b> Usus et [[fructus]], [[usus]] fructusque, and [[more]] [[frequently]] in one [[word]], ūsusfructus, the [[use]] and [[enjoyment]] of [[property]] belonging to [[another]], [[usufruct]]: [[usus]] [[enim]] ejus fundi et [[fructus]] testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae, Cic. Caecin. 7, 19: sibi horum [[usus]] fructusque contingat, Sen. Ep. 73, 9: rem nobis eripit [[casus]], usum fructumque [[apud]] nos relinquit, id. ib. 98, 11: usumfructum omnium bonorum suorum Caesenniae legat, ut frueretur una cum filio, Cic. Caecin. 4, 11; cf.: [[ususfructus]] est jus alienis rebus utendi fruendi, salvā rerum substantiā, Dig. 7, 1, 1; v. the [[entire]] [[title]], usufructu: [[dominus]] proprietatis alii usumfructum in jure cedere potest, Gai inst. 2, 30 sqq.; 2, 86; Ulp. Fragm. 15, 3.—<br /> <b>b</b> A [[use]] [[that]] creates ownership, [[acquisition]] by [[prescription]], usucaption.<br /> <b>(a)</b> In the [[connection]] [[usus]] et [[auctoritas]], or [[without]] the [[copula]], [[usus]] [[auctoritas]]; v. [[auctoritas]]; and cf. Rein, Röm. Privatr. p. 144 sq.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In the [[phrase]] usu capere, to [[acquire]] by [[prescription]] ([[often]] as one [[word]]; v. 1. [[usucapio]]); [[hence]], com.: Mer. Quojus [[nunc]] es? Sos. Tuos: nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218.—<br /> <b>2</b> Intercourse, [[familiarity]], [[association]], [[intimacy]], [[society]] (cf.: [[consuetudo]], [[conversatio]]): [[domesticus]] [[usus]] et [[consuetudo]], Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: quocum mihi est [[magnus]] [[usus]], id. Fam. 7, 32, 1; 9, 25, 2: conjunctus magno usu familiaritatis, id. ib. 13, 52: in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā, id. Planc. 2, 5: [[inter]] [[nosmet]] ipsos [[vetus]] [[usus]] intercedit, id. Fam. 13, 23, 1: ut insinuaret se in [[quam]] [[maxime]] familiarem usum, Liv. 40, 21, 11: [[recens]] [[praestat]] nec longo [[cognitus]] usu, Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 9: [[natio]] nullo commercio colens mutuos [[usus]], Curt. 7, 3, 5: neminem in usu habes [[nisi]] [[tibi]] dilectum, Plin. [[Pan]]. 88.—Hence,<br /> <b>b</b> In mal. [[part]]., Tib. 1, 9, 55; Ov. R. Am. 357.—<br /> <b>3</b> Use, [[practice]], [[reality]] (opp. [[species]]): ut ([[liberi]]) in usum boni sint et in speciem [[populo]], Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: illam alteram (partem Numidiae) specie [[quam]] usu potiorem [[Adherbal]] possedit, Sall. J. 16, 5: ut non in usum sic ad speciem imperii, Flor. 3, 13, 4.<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> Use, [[usefulness]], [[value]], [[utility]], [[benefit]], [[profit]], [[advantage]]: [[levis]] [[fructus]], [[exiguus]] [[usus]], Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26: (arborum) [[consectio]] magnos [[usus]] affert ad navigia facienda, id. N. D. 2, 60, 152: [[propter]] lini inopiam [[atque]] ejus [[usus]] inscientiam, Caes. B. G. 3, 13: naves factae [[subito]] ex umidā materiā non eundem usum celeritatis habebant, [[capacity]], [[fitness]], id. B. C. 1, 58: [[natis]] in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare, [[service]], Hor. C. 1, 27, 1: [[aurum]] cogere humanos in [[usus]], id. ib. 3, 3, 51: [[pater]], si das hujus mihi nominis usum, Ov. M. 2, 36: nescis, quo valeat numus? quem praebeat usum? Hor. S. 1, 1, 73: quidve ad amicitias, [[usus]] rectumne trahat nos, id. ib. 2, 6, 75: [[neque]] [[quisquam]] omnium libidini [[simul]] et usui paruit, Sall. C. 51, 2: [[plures]] [[quam]] [[quot]] [[satis]] in usum erant ignes, Liv. 36, 10, 12: servos quos domum [[quis]] ducet suo usu, Dig. 50, 16, 203: [[cicuta]] [[quoque]] [[venenum]] est ... ad [[multa]] [[tamen]] [[usus]] non omittendi, Plin. 25, 13, 95, § 151.—In partic., usui or ex usu esse, to be of [[use]], [[service]], or [[benefit]], to be [[useful]], [[serviceable]], [[advantageous]], or [[profitable]]: esse usui civitati, ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves, Caes. B. G. 5, 1; id. B. C. 1, 19; Liv. 3, 33, 5; cf.: (Satrius) fuit et mihi et Quinto fratri magno usui in nostris petitionibus, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3: magno usui rei publicae esse, id. Phil. 10, 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 3, 14: bono usui esse, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15: peritos legum ad condenda nova jura usui [[fore]] credebant, Liv. 3, 33, 5: declararent, [[utrum]] [[proelium]] ex usu esset [[necne]], Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so, ex usu esse, Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14; Plin. 25, 13, 110, § 175: ad omnia haec [[magis]] [[opportunus]] nec [[magis]] ex usu tuo Nemo'st, Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 47. —<br /> <b>B</b> Use, [[occasion]], [[need]], [[want]], [[necessity]]: non te instruere domum tuam voluerunt in provinciā, sed illum usum provinciae supplere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9: quae belli [[usus]] poscunt, suppeditare, Liv. 26, 43, 7: [[illuc]] euntium, quā quemque suorum usuum causae ferrent, id. 6, 25, 9.—<br /> <b>2</b> Usus est, or [[usus]] venit, [[there]] is [[need]], it is [[necessary]], becomes [[requisite]].<br /> <b>a</b> Usus est ([[most]] freq. [[ante]]-[[class]]., esp. [[after]] the [[analogy]] of [[opus]] est [[with]] the abl.).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Absol.: [[egomet]] mihi [[fero]], [[quod]] usu'st, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 13: [[ubicumque]] [[usus]] siet, id. Bacch. 4, 4, 9; and, [[with]] [[ellipsis]] of subst. [[verb]]: [[dico]] ut [[usus]] fieri, id. As. 2, 2, 109: si [[quando]] [[usus]] esset, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92: Me. Mihi sic est [[usus]]: [[tibi]] ut [[opus]] [[facto]]'st, [[face]]. Ch. An cuiquam est [[usus]] homini, se ut cruciet? Me. Mihi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 sq.; cf.: ut equites Pompeianorum impetum, cum adesset [[usus]], sustinere non possent, Caes. B. C. 3, 84, 4.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With abl.: [[viginti]] jam usu'st filio argenti minis, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 4, 9, 47: [[mulier]] quae se suamque aetatem spernit, speculo ei [[usus]] est, id. Most. 1, 3, 93: curatore [[usus]] est, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10: ad eam rem [[usus]] est tuā mihi operā, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27: tacere [[nequeo]] misera, [[quod]] [[tacito]] [[usus]] est, id. Cist. 1, 2, 10: argento invento, id. Ps. 1, 1, 48: [[facto]], id. Am. 1, 3, 7; id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; id. Stich. 1, 1, 56 al.: [[dicto]], id. Trin. 2, 4, 102: [[navis]], quibus [[usus]] non est, [[omnis]] praecidisse, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3: quibus (navibus) consuli [[usus]] non esset, Liv. 30, 41, 8: [[nunc]] viribus [[usus]], Nunc manibus rapidis, omni [[nunc]] [[arte]] magistrā, Verg. A. 8, 441: ad eam rem usu'st homine astuto, docto, scito et callido, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 151.—Pleonast.: non [[usus]] [[facto]]'st mihi [[nunc]] hunc [[intro]] sequi, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 47.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With ut: [[nunc]] ad me ut veniat usu'st Acroteleutium, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 39; cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 [[supra]].—<br /> <b>(d)</b> With gen.: alii offerunt se, si quo [[usus]] operae [[sit]], Liv. 26, 9, 9.—<br /> <b>b</b> Usus venit (not in Cic.): si [[quis]] [[usus]] venerit, Meminisse ego hanc rem vos [[volo]], Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 28: [[quom]] ad praetorem [[usus]] veniet, id. Poen. 3, 4, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 129: si [[usus]] vene rit, id. Merc. 3, 1, 20: non [[usus]] veniet, [[spero]], Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42: ut, si [[usus]] veniat, suum [[quisque]] locum teneat, if [[occasion]] should [[arise]], Caes. B. G. 7, 80.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With abl.: ubi [[usus]] veniat [[contra]] consertā manu, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3.—<br /> <b>C</b> A [[fit]] [[occasion]] or [[opportunity]] to be used.<br /> <b>1</b> Usus est or adest, an [[occasion]] or [[opportunity]] offers: de ceteris studiis [[alio]] [[loco]] dicemus, si [[usus]] fuerit, Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 5.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp.: usu venit, it happens, occurs, befalls, chances: nam [[quid]] homini potest turpius, [[quid]] viro miserius aut acerbius usu venire? Cic. Quint. 15, 49; id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101: si id [[culpa]] senectutis accideret, [[eadem]] mihi usu venirent, id. Sen. 3, 7: [[idem]] solet in demonstratione usu venire, id. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 1, 54, 104: [[quod]] [[item]] in poëmatis, in picturis usu venit, id. Off. 3, 3, 15: hoc illud eis usu venire solet, ut, etc., id. Ac. 2, 11, 35: cum [[praesertim]] mihi usu venturum non arbitrarer, ut, etc., id. Fam. 3, 8, 6: et, id [[quod]] usu venerat, Eumolpidas demigravit, [[actually]] occurred ([[however]] [[strange]]), Nep. Alcib. 4, 5: id [[quod]] [[numquam]] [[antea]] usu venerat, id. ib. 6, 3: praemeditatus, [[quid]] sibi esset usu venturum, Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8: [[Caesar]] biduum in iis locis [[moratus]], [[quod]] haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat, Caes. B. G. 7, 9: usu venire ut abhorreant, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8.—Separated or in a [[reversed]] [[order]]: non venit [[idem]] usu mihi [[quod]] tu [[tibi]] scribis, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: [[quod]] cuipiam Thraco venisse usu [[fabula]] est, Gell. 19, 12, 6: [[quid]], [[quod]] usu [[memoria]] patrum venit, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183. | |lshtext=<b>ūsus</b>: a, um, Part. of [[utor]].<br /><b>ūsus</b>: ūs, m. [[utor]],<br /><b>I</b> the [[use]] or using of [[any]] [[thing]], in the widest [[sense]] (cf.: [[consuetudo]], mos).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>A</b> In gen.<br /> <b>1</b> The [[use]], [[employment]], [[exercise]] of [[any]] [[thing]]; [[with]] gen. obj.: [[virtus]] in usu sui tota posita est: [[usus]] [[autem]] ejus est [[maximus]] civitatis [[gubernatio]], Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2: [[cetera]], ad virtutis usum idonea, id. Ac. 1, 6, 22.—Absol.: Quaeque ipsi doceant in usu habere, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: nec [[rhus]] Latinum [[nomen]] habet, cum in usum pluribus modis veniat, Plin. 24, 11, 54, § 91.—<br /> <b>2</b> Wear, a wearing [[out]] or [[away]] ([[poet]].): [[ferreus]] adsiduo consumitur [[anulus]] usu, Ov. A. A. 1, 473: silices tenuantur ab usu, id. ib. 3, 91.—<br /> <b>3</b> Use, [[enjoyment]], [[fruition]]: et usu rerum necessarium et dignitate spoliatum iri, Caes. B. G. 7, 66: tantumque nobis in [[nostrum]] privatum usum, [[quantum]] ipsi superesse posset, remitteret, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: [[cave]] sis ne tu te usu [[perduis]] (i. e. ex usu tui), [[lose]] [[control]] of [[yourself]], Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225 Ussing ad loc.—<br /> <b>4</b> Use, [[practice]], [[exercise]]: [[tantum]] usu cottidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti, etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 33: [[quod]] adsiduus [[usus]] uni rei [[deditus]] et [[ingenium]] et artem [[saepe]] vincit, Cic. Balb. 20, 45: cum rerum magnarum [[tractatio]] [[atque]] [[usus]] cum illarum artium studiis et cognitione conjungitur, id. Rep. 3, 3, 5: ad eam doctrinam, [[quam]] suo [[quisque]] [[studio]] adsecutus esset, adjungeretur [[usus]] [[frequens]], id. de Or. 1, 4, 15: docuit nos longa [[vita]] ususque rerum maximarum, id. ib. 2, 50, 204: usu [[quidem]] in re publicā rerum maximarum [[facile]] [[omnis]] viceris, id. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—<br /> <b>5</b> Use, [[experience]], [[discipline]], [[skill]] [[acquired]] by [[practice]] (cf. [[experientia]]): Da. O Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. Mi [[usus]] venit, hoc [[scio]], i. e. I [[have]] [[found]] it so by [[experience]], Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23 (al. usu venit;<br /> v. [[infra]], II. C. 2.): vir tali prudentiā, [[etiam]] usu [[atque]] exercitatione [[praeditus]], Cic. Clu. 31, 84: res posita in usu militari, id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: usum in re publicā magnum habere, id. Phil. 10, 2, 6: magnum in re militari usum habere, Caes B G. 1, 39; id. B. C. 2, 34: non recusare se, [[quin]] nullius [[usus]] [[imperator]] existimaretur, id. ib. 3, 45: nullo usu rei [[militaris]] percepto, id. B. G. 6, 40; id. B. C. 3, 84: usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt, id. B. G. 3, 8: ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallerent, id. B. C. 3, 86: et [[Marius]] aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus, Sall. J. 84, 3; cf. id. ib. 89, 6: dantur duo usu sapientiāque praestantes, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2: [[seris]] venit [[usus]] ab annis, Ov. M. 6, 29: tum foeda [[clades]], Romanisque usu incognita, Flor. 2, 2, 23. —Personified: adiciam [[quod]] me docuit [[usus]], [[magister]] [[egregius]], [[experience]], Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 12: usum et esse et haberi optimum dicendi magistrum, id. ib. 6, 29, 4.—<br /> <b>6</b> Use, [[habit]], [[usage]], [[custom]], [[practice]]: usum loquendi [[populo]] concessi: scientiam mihi reservavi, Cic. Or. 48, 160: dicendi [[omnis]] [[ratio]] in [[medio]] posita communi quodam in usu, id. de Or. 1, 3, 12: [[neque]] quem usum belli haberent, aut quibus institutis uterentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 20: (vitulos) ad [[studium]] [[atque]] usum formabis agrestem, Verg. G. 3, 163: est [[omnino]] Capitoni in usu claros viros colere, it is his [[custom]], Plin. Ep. 1, 17, 3: populum auctoritate suā ad usum frugalitatis revocavit, Just. 20, 4, 5: ab his [[Galli]] usum vitae cultioris didicerunt, id. 43, 4, 1: at horum [[recitatio]] usu jam recepta est, Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 3: cadent vocabula, si volet [[usus]], Hor. A. P. 71.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> In jurid. lang.<br /> <b>a</b> Usus et [[fructus]], [[usus]] fructusque, and [[more]] [[frequently]] in one [[word]], ūsusfructus, the [[use]] and [[enjoyment]] of [[property]] belonging to [[another]], [[usufruct]]: [[usus]] [[enim]] ejus fundi et [[fructus]] testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae, Cic. Caecin. 7, 19: sibi horum [[usus]] fructusque contingat, Sen. Ep. 73, 9: rem nobis eripit [[casus]], usum fructumque [[apud]] nos relinquit, id. ib. 98, 11: usumfructum omnium bonorum suorum Caesenniae legat, ut frueretur una cum filio, Cic. Caecin. 4, 11; cf.: [[ususfructus]] est jus alienis rebus utendi fruendi, salvā rerum substantiā, Dig. 7, 1, 1; v. the [[entire]] [[title]], usufructu: [[dominus]] proprietatis alii usumfructum in jure cedere potest, Gai inst. 2, 30 sqq.; 2, 86; Ulp. Fragm. 15, 3.—<br /> <b>b</b> A [[use]] [[that]] creates ownership, [[acquisition]] by [[prescription]], usucaption.<br /> <b>(a)</b> In the [[connection]] [[usus]] et [[auctoritas]], or [[without]] the [[copula]], [[usus]] [[auctoritas]]; v. [[auctoritas]]; and cf. Rein, Röm. Privatr. p. 144 sq.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In the [[phrase]] usu capere, to [[acquire]] by [[prescription]] ([[often]] as one [[word]]; v. 1. [[usucapio]]); [[hence]], com.: Mer. Quojus [[nunc]] es? Sos. Tuos: nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218.—<br /> <b>2</b> Intercourse, [[familiarity]], [[association]], [[intimacy]], [[society]] (cf.: [[consuetudo]], [[conversatio]]): [[domesticus]] [[usus]] et [[consuetudo]], Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: quocum mihi est [[magnus]] [[usus]], id. Fam. 7, 32, 1; 9, 25, 2: conjunctus magno usu familiaritatis, id. ib. 13, 52: in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā, id. Planc. 2, 5: [[inter]] [[nosmet]] ipsos [[vetus]] [[usus]] intercedit, id. Fam. 13, 23, 1: ut insinuaret se in [[quam]] [[maxime]] familiarem usum, Liv. 40, 21, 11: [[recens]] [[praestat]] nec longo [[cognitus]] usu, Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 9: [[natio]] nullo commercio colens mutuos [[usus]], Curt. 7, 3, 5: neminem in usu habes [[nisi]] [[tibi]] dilectum, Plin. [[Pan]]. 88.—Hence,<br /> <b>b</b> In mal. [[part]]., Tib. 1, 9, 55; Ov. R. Am. 357.—<br /> <b>3</b> Use, [[practice]], [[reality]] (opp. [[species]]): ut ([[liberi]]) in usum boni sint et in speciem [[populo]], Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: illam alteram (partem Numidiae) specie [[quam]] usu potiorem [[Adherbal]] possedit, Sall. J. 16, 5: ut non in usum sic ad speciem imperii, Flor. 3, 13, 4.<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br /> <b>A</b> Use, [[usefulness]], [[value]], [[utility]], [[benefit]], [[profit]], [[advantage]]: [[levis]] [[fructus]], [[exiguus]] [[usus]], Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26: (arborum) [[consectio]] magnos [[usus]] affert ad navigia facienda, id. N. D. 2, 60, 152: [[propter]] lini inopiam [[atque]] ejus [[usus]] inscientiam, Caes. B. G. 3, 13: naves factae [[subito]] ex umidā materiā non eundem usum celeritatis habebant, [[capacity]], [[fitness]], id. B. C. 1, 58: [[natis]] in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare, [[service]], Hor. C. 1, 27, 1: [[aurum]] cogere humanos in [[usus]], id. ib. 3, 3, 51: [[pater]], si das hujus mihi nominis usum, Ov. M. 2, 36: nescis, quo valeat numus? quem praebeat usum? Hor. S. 1, 1, 73: quidve ad amicitias, [[usus]] rectumne trahat nos, id. ib. 2, 6, 75: [[neque]] [[quisquam]] omnium libidini [[simul]] et usui paruit, Sall. C. 51, 2: [[plures]] [[quam]] [[quot]] [[satis]] in usum erant ignes, Liv. 36, 10, 12: servos quos domum [[quis]] ducet suo usu, Dig. 50, 16, 203: [[cicuta]] [[quoque]] [[venenum]] est ... ad [[multa]] [[tamen]] [[usus]] non omittendi, Plin. 25, 13, 95, § 151.—In partic., usui or ex usu esse, to be of [[use]], [[service]], or [[benefit]], to be [[useful]], [[serviceable]], [[advantageous]], or [[profitable]]: esse usui civitati, ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves, Caes. B. G. 5, 1; id. B. C. 1, 19; Liv. 3, 33, 5; cf.: (Satrius) fuit et mihi et Quinto fratri magno usui in nostris petitionibus, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3: magno usui rei publicae esse, id. Phil. 10, 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 3, 14: bono usui esse, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15: peritos legum ad condenda nova jura usui [[fore]] credebant, Liv. 3, 33, 5: declararent, [[utrum]] [[proelium]] ex usu esset [[necne]], Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so, ex usu esse, Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14; Plin. 25, 13, 110, § 175: ad omnia haec [[magis]] [[opportunus]] nec [[magis]] ex usu tuo Nemo'st, Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 47. —<br /> <b>B</b> Use, [[occasion]], [[need]], [[want]], [[necessity]]: non te instruere domum tuam voluerunt in provinciā, sed illum usum provinciae supplere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9: quae belli [[usus]] poscunt, suppeditare, Liv. 26, 43, 7: [[illuc]] euntium, quā quemque suorum usuum causae ferrent, id. 6, 25, 9.—<br /> <b>2</b> Usus est, or [[usus]] venit, [[there]] is [[need]], it is [[necessary]], becomes [[requisite]].<br /> <b>a</b> Usus est ([[most]] freq. [[ante]]-[[class]]., esp. [[after]] the [[analogy]] of [[opus]] est [[with]] the abl.).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Absol.: [[egomet]] mihi [[fero]], [[quod]] usu'st, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 13: [[ubicumque]] [[usus]] siet, id. Bacch. 4, 4, 9; and, [[with]] [[ellipsis]] of subst. [[verb]]: [[dico]] ut [[usus]] fieri, id. As. 2, 2, 109: si [[quando]] [[usus]] esset, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92: Me. Mihi sic est [[usus]]: [[tibi]] ut [[opus]] [[facto]]'st, [[face]]. Ch. An cuiquam est [[usus]] homini, se ut cruciet? Me. Mihi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 sq.; cf.: ut equites Pompeianorum impetum, cum adesset [[usus]], sustinere non possent, Caes. B. C. 3, 84, 4.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With abl.: [[viginti]] jam usu'st filio argenti minis, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 4, 9, 47: [[mulier]] quae se suamque aetatem spernit, speculo ei [[usus]] est, id. Most. 1, 3, 93: curatore [[usus]] est, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10: ad eam rem [[usus]] est tuā mihi operā, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27: tacere [[nequeo]] misera, [[quod]] [[tacito]] [[usus]] est, id. Cist. 1, 2, 10: argento invento, id. Ps. 1, 1, 48: [[facto]], id. Am. 1, 3, 7; id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; id. Stich. 1, 1, 56 al.: [[dicto]], id. Trin. 2, 4, 102: [[navis]], quibus [[usus]] non est, [[omnis]] praecidisse, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3: quibus (navibus) consuli [[usus]] non esset, Liv. 30, 41, 8: [[nunc]] viribus [[usus]], Nunc manibus rapidis, omni [[nunc]] [[arte]] magistrā, Verg. A. 8, 441: ad eam rem usu'st homine astuto, docto, scito et callido, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 151.—Pleonast.: non [[usus]] [[facto]]'st mihi [[nunc]] hunc [[intro]] sequi, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 47.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With ut: [[nunc]] ad me ut veniat usu'st Acroteleutium, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 39; cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 [[supra]].—<br /> <b>(d)</b> With gen.: alii offerunt se, si quo [[usus]] operae [[sit]], Liv. 26, 9, 9.—<br /> <b>b</b> Usus venit (not in Cic.): si [[quis]] [[usus]] venerit, Meminisse ego hanc rem vos [[volo]], Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 28: [[quom]] ad praetorem [[usus]] veniet, id. Poen. 3, 4, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 129: si [[usus]] vene rit, id. Merc. 3, 1, 20: non [[usus]] veniet, [[spero]], Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42: ut, si [[usus]] veniat, suum [[quisque]] locum teneat, if [[occasion]] should [[arise]], Caes. B. G. 7, 80.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With abl.: ubi [[usus]] veniat [[contra]] consertā manu, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3.—<br /> <b>C</b> A [[fit]] [[occasion]] or [[opportunity]] to be used.<br /> <b>1</b> Usus est or adest, an [[occasion]] or [[opportunity]] offers: de ceteris studiis [[alio]] [[loco]] dicemus, si [[usus]] fuerit, Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 5.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp.: usu venit, it happens, occurs, befalls, chances: nam [[quid]] homini potest turpius, [[quid]] viro miserius aut acerbius usu venire? Cic. Quint. 15, 49; id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101: si id [[culpa]] senectutis accideret, [[eadem]] mihi usu venirent, id. Sen. 3, 7: [[idem]] solet in demonstratione usu venire, id. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 1, 54, 104: [[quod]] [[item]] in poëmatis, in picturis usu venit, id. Off. 3, 3, 15: hoc illud eis usu venire solet, ut, etc., id. Ac. 2, 11, 35: cum [[praesertim]] mihi usu venturum non arbitrarer, ut, etc., id. Fam. 3, 8, 6: et, id [[quod]] usu venerat, Eumolpidas demigravit, [[actually]] occurred ([[however]] [[strange]]), Nep. Alcib. 4, 5: id [[quod]] [[numquam]] [[antea]] usu venerat, id. ib. 6, 3: praemeditatus, [[quid]] sibi esset usu venturum, Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8: [[Caesar]] biduum in iis locis [[moratus]], [[quod]] haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat, Caes. B. G. 7, 9: usu venire ut abhorreant, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8.—Separated or in a [[reversed]] [[order]]: non venit [[idem]] usu mihi [[quod]] tu [[tibi]] scribis, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: [[quod]] cuipiam Thraco venisse usu [[fabula]] est, Gell. 19, 12, 6: [[quid]], [[quod]] usu [[memoria]] patrum venit, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183. | ||
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{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=(1) <b>ūsus</b>, a, um, part. de [[utor]].<br />(2) <b>ūsŭs</b>,⁷ ūs, m. ([[utor]]),<br /><b>1</b> action de se servir, usage, emploi : usu rerum necessariarum spoliari Cæs. G. 7, 66, 5, être privé de l’usage du nécessaire ; [[virtus]] in usu [[sui]] tota posita [[est]], [[usus]] [[autem]] [[ejus]] [[est]] [[maximus]] civitatis [[gubernatio]] Cic. Rep. 1, 2, la vertu [[est]] tout entière dans l’emploi qu’on fait d’elle [n’existe qu’autant qu’on la [[met]] en œuvre] et son emploi le [[plus]] grand, c’[[est]] le gouvernement de la cité ; [[usus]] urbis Cic. Off. 3, 47, l’usage = le séjour de la ville || [[ferreus]] [[adsiduo]] consumitur [[anulus]] usu Ov. Ars 1, 473, un anneau de [[fer]] s’use par un usage continuel, cf. Ov. Ars 3, 91<br /><b>2</b> [droit] faculté d’user, droit d’usage : Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 175 || [[usus]] [[fructus]], [[usus]] et [[fructus]], [[usus]] fructusque Cic. Cæc. 11 ; 19 ; Sen. Ep. 98, 11, usufruit de la propriété d’autrui || avec [[auctoritas]], jouissance qui entraîne le droit possessoire, v. [[auctoritas]] || v. [[usucapio]]<br /><b>3</b> usage = exercice, pratique : Cæs. G. 4, 33 ; Cic. Balbo 45 ; Rep. 3, 5 ; de Or. 1, 15 ; Br. 167 || [[usus]] rerum maximarum Cic. Rep. 1, 37, la pratique des [[plus]] grandes affaires, cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 204<br /><b>4</b> usage, expérience : magnum in re militari, in castris usum habere Cæs. G. 1, 39, 2 ; 1, 39, 5, avoir une [[grande]] expérience de l’art militaire, de la vie des camps ; usum [[rei]] [[militaris]], usum belli habere Cæs. C. 3, 110, 6 ; G. 4, 20, 4, avoir la pratique de l’art militaire, l’expérience de la guerre<br /><b>5</b> usage [en matière de langue] : usum loquendi [[populo]] concedere Cic. Or. 160, concéder au peuple l’usage de la langue = reconnaître que c’[[est]] lui qui crée l’usage ; cadent vocabula, si volet [[usus]] Hor. P. 71, des mots tomberont, si l’usage le veut<br /><b>6</b> usage = utilité : usum habere ex [[aliqua]] re Cic. Off. 2, 14, tirer usage, utilité de qqch. ; [[pecudes]] ad usum hominum procreatæ Cic. Leg. 1, 25, animaux créés pour l’usage de l’homme, pour servir à l’homme ; docuit [[quantum]] usum haberet ad... potiri [[oppido]] Cæs. C. 3, 80, 6, il montra combien il serait utile pour... de s’emparer de la ville ; usui [[esse]] alicui Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3, être utile à qqn ; magno usui [[esse]] [[rei]] publicæ Cic. Phil. 10, 26, être très utile à l’état ; usui [[esse]] ad rem Cæs. G. 1, 38, 3 ; 2, 12, 3, etc., servir à qqch. ; ex usu alicujus [[esse]] Cæs. G. 5, 6, 6, être utile à qqn ; [[res]] usu populi [[Romani]] accidit Cæs. G. 1, 30, 2, la chose s’[[est]] produite d’une façon utile pour le peuple romain ; ex usu [[est]] prœlium committi Cæs. G. 1, 50, 4, il [[est]] avantageux que le combat soit engagé<br /><b>7</b> usage = besoins : illum usum provinciæ supplere Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9 = illius [[rei]] usum, satisfaire aux besoins sur ce point-là d’un gouverneur de province ; quæ belli [[usus]] poscunt, suppeditare Liv. 26, 43, 7, fournir aux besoins de la guerre ; ad [[usus]] civium [[res]] [[utilis]] Cic. Fin. 1, 12, chose utile aux besoins des citoyens ; mutui [[usus]] Liv. 28, 18, 12, les besoins réciproques || expressions : <b> a)</b> [[usus]] [[est]] = [[opus]] [[est]] : [[quod]] usust Pl. Merc. 584, ce qui [[est]] nécessaire ; cum [[usus]] [[est]] Cæs. G. 4, 2, 3 ; 6, 15, 1, quand c’[[est]] nécessaire ; si [[quando]] [[usus]] [[est]] Cic. Off. 1, 92, si besoin [[est]] ; [avec abl.] il [[est]] besoin de : [[mihi]] [[usus]] [[est]] tua [[opera]] Pl. Pers. 328, j’ai besoin de ton aide ; cf. Pl. Rud. 398, etc. ; cf. Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3 ; Liv. 30, 41, 8 ; Virg. En. 8, 441 ; [avec ut subj.] Pl. Mil. 1132 ; Ter. Haut. 81 ; [avec gén.] si [[quo]] [[usus]] operæ sit Liv. 26, 9, 9, pour le cas où l’on aurait besoin de leur aide à qq. égard ; <b> b)</b> [[usus]] venit, le besoin, la nécessité se présente : si [[usus]] venit Cæs. G. 7, 80, 1, si besoin [[est]], cf. Pl. Mil. 3 ; Merc. 518, etc. ; Ter. Haut. 556 ; <b> c)</b> usu venit v. usuveni<br /><b>8</b> relations : [[domesticus]] [[usus]] Cic. Amer. 15, relations intimes ; [[quocum]] [[mihi]] [[est]] [[magnus]] [[usus]] Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1, avec qui j’ai beaucoup de relations, cf. Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1 ; Verr. 2, 5, 8 ; Planc. 5 ; Liv. 40, 21, 11. arch. œsus XII T. d. Cic. Leg. 3, 10. | |||
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Revision as of 07:08, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
ūsus: a, um, Part. of utor.
ūsus: ūs, m. utor,
I the use or using of any thing, in the widest sense (cf.: consuetudo, mos).
I Lit.
A In gen.
1 The use, employment, exercise of any thing; with gen. obj.: virtus in usu sui tota posita est: usus autem ejus est maximus civitatis gubernatio, Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2: cetera, ad virtutis usum idonea, id. Ac. 1, 6, 22.—Absol.: Quaeque ipsi doceant in usu habere, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: nec rhus Latinum nomen habet, cum in usum pluribus modis veniat, Plin. 24, 11, 54, § 91.—
2 Wear, a wearing out or away (poet.): ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu, Ov. A. A. 1, 473: silices tenuantur ab usu, id. ib. 3, 91.—
3 Use, enjoyment, fruition: et usu rerum necessarium et dignitate spoliatum iri, Caes. B. G. 7, 66: tantumque nobis in nostrum privatum usum, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: cave sis ne tu te usu perduis (i. e. ex usu tui), lose control of yourself, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 225 Ussing ad loc.—
4 Use, practice, exercise: tantum usu cottidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti, etc., Caes. B. G. 4, 33: quod adsiduus usus uni rei deditus et ingenium et artem saepe vincit, Cic. Balb. 20, 45: cum rerum magnarum tractatio atque usus cum illarum artium studiis et cognitione conjungitur, id. Rep. 3, 3, 5: ad eam doctrinam, quam suo quisque studio adsecutus esset, adjungeretur usus frequens, id. de Or. 1, 4, 15: docuit nos longa vita ususque rerum maximarum, id. ib. 2, 50, 204: usu quidem in re publicā rerum maximarum facile omnis viceris, id. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—
5 Use, experience, discipline, skill acquired by practice (cf. experientia): Da. O Geta, provinciam Cepisti duram. Ge. Mi usus venit, hoc scio, i. e. I have found it so by experience, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 23 (al. usu venit;
v. infra, II. C. 2.): vir tali prudentiā, etiam usu atque exercitatione praeditus, Cic. Clu. 31, 84: res posita in usu militari, id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: usum in re publicā magnum habere, id. Phil. 10, 2, 6: magnum in re militari usum habere, Caes B G. 1, 39; id. B. C. 2, 34: non recusare se, quin nullius usus imperator existimaretur, id. ib. 3, 45: nullo usu rei militaris percepto, id. B. G. 6, 40; id. B. C. 3, 84: usu nauticarum rerum ceteros antecedunt, id. B. G. 3, 8: ne usu manuque reliquorum opinionem fallerent, id. B. C. 3, 86: et Marius aut belli usum aut studia volgi amissurus, Sall. J. 84, 3; cf. id. ib. 89, 6: dantur duo usu sapientiāque praestantes, Nep. Timoth. 3, 2: seris venit usus ab annis, Ov. M. 6, 29: tum foeda clades, Romanisque usu incognita, Flor. 2, 2, 23. —Personified: adiciam quod me docuit usus, magister egregius, experience, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 12: usum et esse et haberi optimum dicendi magistrum, id. ib. 6, 29, 4.—
6 Use, habit, usage, custom, practice: usum loquendi populo concessi: scientiam mihi reservavi, Cic. Or. 48, 160: dicendi omnis ratio in medio posita communi quodam in usu, id. de Or. 1, 3, 12: neque quem usum belli haberent, aut quibus institutis uterentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 20: (vitulos) ad studium atque usum formabis agrestem, Verg. G. 3, 163: est omnino Capitoni in usu claros viros colere, it is his custom, Plin. Ep. 1, 17, 3: populum auctoritate suā ad usum frugalitatis revocavit, Just. 20, 4, 5: ab his Galli usum vitae cultioris didicerunt, id. 43, 4, 1: at horum recitatio usu jam recepta est, Plin. Ep. 7, 17, 3: cadent vocabula, si volet usus, Hor. A. P. 71.—
B In partic.
1 In jurid. lang.
a Usus et fructus, usus fructusque, and more frequently in one word, ūsusfructus, the use and enjoyment of property belonging to another, usufruct: usus enim ejus fundi et fructus testamento viri fuerat Caesenniae, Cic. Caecin. 7, 19: sibi horum usus fructusque contingat, Sen. Ep. 73, 9: rem nobis eripit casus, usum fructumque apud nos relinquit, id. ib. 98, 11: usumfructum omnium bonorum suorum Caesenniae legat, ut frueretur una cum filio, Cic. Caecin. 4, 11; cf.: ususfructus est jus alienis rebus utendi fruendi, salvā rerum substantiā, Dig. 7, 1, 1; v. the entire title, usufructu: dominus proprietatis alii usumfructum in jure cedere potest, Gai inst. 2, 30 sqq.; 2, 86; Ulp. Fragm. 15, 3.—
b A use that creates ownership, acquisition by prescription, usucaption.
(a) In the connection usus et auctoritas, or without the copula, usus auctoritas; v. auctoritas; and cf. Rein, Röm. Privatr. p. 144 sq.—
(b) In the phrase usu capere, to acquire by prescription (often as one word; v. 1. usucapio); hence, com.: Mer. Quojus nunc es? Sos. Tuos: nam pugnis usu fecisti tuom, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 218.—
2 Intercourse, familiarity, association, intimacy, society (cf.: consuetudo, conversatio): domesticus usus et consuetudo, Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: quocum mihi est magnus usus, id. Fam. 7, 32, 1; 9, 25, 2: conjunctus magno usu familiaritatis, id. ib. 13, 52: in tanto usu nostro tantāque amicitiā, id. Planc. 2, 5: inter nosmet ipsos vetus usus intercedit, id. Fam. 13, 23, 1: ut insinuaret se in quam maxime familiarem usum, Liv. 40, 21, 11: recens praestat nec longo cognitus usu, Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 9: natio nullo commercio colens mutuos usus, Curt. 7, 3, 5: neminem in usu habes nisi tibi dilectum, Plin. Pan. 88.—Hence,
b In mal. part., Tib. 1, 9, 55; Ov. R. Am. 357.—
3 Use, practice, reality (opp. species): ut (liberi) in usum boni sint et in speciem populo, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: illam alteram (partem Numidiae) specie quam usu potiorem Adherbal possedit, Sall. J. 16, 5: ut non in usum sic ad speciem imperii, Flor. 3, 13, 4.
II Transf.
A Use, usefulness, value, utility, benefit, profit, advantage: levis fructus, exiguus usus, Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 26: (arborum) consectio magnos usus affert ad navigia facienda, id. N. D. 2, 60, 152: propter lini inopiam atque ejus usus inscientiam, Caes. B. G. 3, 13: naves factae subito ex umidā materiā non eundem usum celeritatis habebant, capacity, fitness, id. B. C. 1, 58: natis in usum laetitiae scyphis Pugnare, service, Hor. C. 1, 27, 1: aurum cogere humanos in usus, id. ib. 3, 3, 51: pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum, Ov. M. 2, 36: nescis, quo valeat numus? quem praebeat usum? Hor. S. 1, 1, 73: quidve ad amicitias, usus rectumne trahat nos, id. ib. 2, 6, 75: neque quisquam omnium libidini simul et usui paruit, Sall. C. 51, 2: plures quam quot satis in usum erant ignes, Liv. 36, 10, 12: servos quos domum quis ducet suo usu, Dig. 50, 16, 203: cicuta quoque venenum est ... ad multa tamen usus non omittendi, Plin. 25, 13, 95, § 151.—In partic., usui or ex usu esse, to be of use, service, or benefit, to be useful, serviceable, advantageous, or profitable: esse usui civitati, ea, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves, Caes. B. G. 5, 1; id. B. C. 1, 19; Liv. 3, 33, 5; cf.: (Satrius) fuit et mihi et Quinto fratri magno usui in nostris petitionibus, Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3: magno usui rei publicae esse, id. Phil. 10, 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 3, 14: bono usui esse, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15: peritos legum ad condenda nova jura usui fore credebant, Liv. 3, 33, 5: declararent, utrum proelium ex usu esset necne, Caes. B. G. 1, 50; so, ex usu esse, Cic. Tusc. 4, 7, 14; Plin. 25, 13, 110, § 175: ad omnia haec magis opportunus nec magis ex usu tuo Nemo'st, Ter. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 47. —
B Use, occasion, need, want, necessity: non te instruere domum tuam voluerunt in provinciā, sed illum usum provinciae supplere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9: quae belli usus poscunt, suppeditare, Liv. 26, 43, 7: illuc euntium, quā quemque suorum usuum causae ferrent, id. 6, 25, 9.—
2 Usus est, or usus venit, there is need, it is necessary, becomes requisite.
a Usus est (most freq. ante-class., esp. after the analogy of opus est with the abl.).
(a) Absol.: egomet mihi fero, quod usu'st, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 13: ubicumque usus siet, id. Bacch. 4, 4, 9; and, with ellipsis of subst. verb: dico ut usus fieri, id. As. 2, 2, 109: si quando usus esset, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92: Me. Mihi sic est usus: tibi ut opus facto'st, face. Ch. An cuiquam est usus homini, se ut cruciet? Me. Mihi, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 sq.; cf.: ut equites Pompeianorum impetum, cum adesset usus, sustinere non possent, Caes. B. C. 3, 84, 4.—
(b) With abl.: viginti jam usu'st filio argenti minis, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76; cf. id. Bacch. 4, 4, 55; 4, 9, 47: mulier quae se suamque aetatem spernit, speculo ei usus est, id. Most. 1, 3, 93: curatore usus est, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 10: ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27: tacere nequeo misera, quod tacito usus est, id. Cist. 1, 2, 10: argento invento, id. Ps. 1, 1, 48: facto, id. Am. 1, 3, 7; id. Rud. 2, 3, 67; id. Stich. 1, 1, 56 al.: dicto, id. Trin. 2, 4, 102: navis, quibus usus non est, omnis praecidisse, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3: quibus (navibus) consuli usus non esset, Liv. 30, 41, 8: nunc viribus usus, Nunc manibus rapidis, omni nunc arte magistrā, Verg. A. 8, 441: ad eam rem usu'st homine astuto, docto, scito et callido, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 151.—Pleonast.: non usus facto'st mihi nunc hunc intro sequi, Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 47.—
(g) With ut: nunc ad me ut veniat usu'st Acroteleutium, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 39; cf. Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 28 supra.—
(d) With gen.: alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit, Liv. 26, 9, 9.—
b Usus venit (not in Cic.): si quis usus venerit, Meminisse ego hanc rem vos volo, Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 28: quom ad praetorem usus veniet, id. Poen. 3, 4, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 129: si usus vene rit, id. Merc. 3, 1, 20: non usus veniet, spero, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 42: ut, si usus veniat, suum quisque locum teneat, if occasion should arise, Caes. B. G. 7, 80.—
(b) With abl.: ubi usus veniat contra consertā manu, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3.—
C A fit occasion or opportunity to be used.
1 Usus est or adest, an occasion or opportunity offers: de ceteris studiis alio loco dicemus, si usus fuerit, Cic. Tusc. 4, 3, 5.—
2 Esp.: usu venit, it happens, occurs, befalls, chances: nam quid homini potest turpius, quid viro miserius aut acerbius usu venire? Cic. Quint. 15, 49; id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 101: si id culpa senectutis accideret, eadem mihi usu venirent, id. Sen. 3, 7: idem solet in demonstratione usu venire, id. Inv. 1, 10, 14; 1, 54, 104: quod item in poëmatis, in picturis usu venit, id. Off. 3, 3, 15: hoc illud eis usu venire solet, ut, etc., id. Ac. 2, 11, 35: cum praesertim mihi usu venturum non arbitrarer, ut, etc., id. Fam. 3, 8, 6: et, id quod usu venerat, Eumolpidas demigravit, actually occurred (however strange), Nep. Alcib. 4, 5: id quod numquam antea usu venerat, id. ib. 6, 3: praemeditatus, quid sibi esset usu venturum, Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8: Caesar biduum in iis locis moratus, quod haec de Vercingetorige usu ventura opinione perceperat, Caes. B. G. 7, 9: usu venire ut abhorreant, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8.—Separated or in a reversed order: non venit idem usu mihi quod tu tibi scribis, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: quod cuipiam Thraco venisse usu fabula est, Gell. 19, 12, 6: quid, quod usu memoria patrum venit, ut, etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 183.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
(1) ūsus, a, um, part. de utor.
(2) ūsŭs,⁷ ūs, m. (utor),
1 action de se servir, usage, emploi : usu rerum necessariarum spoliari Cæs. G. 7, 66, 5, être privé de l’usage du nécessaire ; virtus in usu sui tota posita est, usus autem ejus est maximus civitatis gubernatio Cic. Rep. 1, 2, la vertu est tout entière dans l’emploi qu’on fait d’elle [n’existe qu’autant qu’on la met en œuvre] et son emploi le plus grand, c’est le gouvernement de la cité ; usus urbis Cic. Off. 3, 47, l’usage = le séjour de la ville || ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu Ov. Ars 1, 473, un anneau de fer s’use par un usage continuel, cf. Ov. Ars 3, 91
2 [droit] faculté d’user, droit d’usage : Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 175 || usus fructus, usus et fructus, usus fructusque Cic. Cæc. 11 ; 19 ; Sen. Ep. 98, 11, usufruit de la propriété d’autrui || avec auctoritas, jouissance qui entraîne le droit possessoire, v. auctoritas || v. usucapio
3 usage = exercice, pratique : Cæs. G. 4, 33 ; Cic. Balbo 45 ; Rep. 3, 5 ; de Or. 1, 15 ; Br. 167 || usus rerum maximarum Cic. Rep. 1, 37, la pratique des plus grandes affaires, cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 204
4 usage, expérience : magnum in re militari, in castris usum habere Cæs. G. 1, 39, 2 ; 1, 39, 5, avoir une grande expérience de l’art militaire, de la vie des camps ; usum rei militaris, usum belli habere Cæs. C. 3, 110, 6 ; G. 4, 20, 4, avoir la pratique de l’art militaire, l’expérience de la guerre
5 usage [en matière de langue] : usum loquendi populo concedere Cic. Or. 160, concéder au peuple l’usage de la langue = reconnaître que c’est lui qui crée l’usage ; cadent vocabula, si volet usus Hor. P. 71, des mots tomberont, si l’usage le veut
6 usage = utilité : usum habere ex aliqua re Cic. Off. 2, 14, tirer usage, utilité de qqch. ; pecudes ad usum hominum procreatæ Cic. Leg. 1, 25, animaux créés pour l’usage de l’homme, pour servir à l’homme ; docuit quantum usum haberet ad... potiri oppido Cæs. C. 3, 80, 6, il montra combien il serait utile pour... de s’emparer de la ville ; usui esse alicui Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3, être utile à qqn ; magno usui esse rei publicæ Cic. Phil. 10, 26, être très utile à l’état ; usui esse ad rem Cæs. G. 1, 38, 3 ; 2, 12, 3, etc., servir à qqch. ; ex usu alicujus esse Cæs. G. 5, 6, 6, être utile à qqn ; res usu populi Romani accidit Cæs. G. 1, 30, 2, la chose s’est produite d’une façon utile pour le peuple romain ; ex usu est prœlium committi Cæs. G. 1, 50, 4, il est avantageux que le combat soit engagé
7 usage = besoins : illum usum provinciæ supplere Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9 = illius rei usum, satisfaire aux besoins sur ce point-là d’un gouverneur de province ; quæ belli usus poscunt, suppeditare Liv. 26, 43, 7, fournir aux besoins de la guerre ; ad usus civium res utilis Cic. Fin. 1, 12, chose utile aux besoins des citoyens ; mutui usus Liv. 28, 18, 12, les besoins réciproques || expressions : a) usus est = opus est : quod usust Pl. Merc. 584, ce qui est nécessaire ; cum usus est Cæs. G. 4, 2, 3 ; 6, 15, 1, quand c’est nécessaire ; si quando usus est Cic. Off. 1, 92, si besoin est ; [avec abl.] il est besoin de : mihi usus est tua opera Pl. Pers. 328, j’ai besoin de ton aide ; cf. Pl. Rud. 398, etc. ; cf. Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3 ; Liv. 30, 41, 8 ; Virg. En. 8, 441 ; [avec ut subj.] Pl. Mil. 1132 ; Ter. Haut. 81 ; [avec gén.] si quo usus operæ sit Liv. 26, 9, 9, pour le cas où l’on aurait besoin de leur aide à qq. égard ; b) usus venit, le besoin, la nécessité se présente : si usus venit Cæs. G. 7, 80, 1, si besoin est, cf. Pl. Mil. 3 ; Merc. 518, etc. ; Ter. Haut. 556 ; c) usu venit v. usuveni
8 relations : domesticus usus Cic. Amer. 15, relations intimes ; quocum mihi est magnus usus Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 1, avec qui j’ai beaucoup de relations, cf. Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1 ; Verr. 2, 5, 8 ; Planc. 5 ; Liv. 40, 21, 11. arch. œsus XII T. d. Cic. Leg. 3, 10.
