ἦ: Difference between revisions
Νόμιζε γήμας δοῦλος εἶναι διὰ βίου → Uxore ducta vivere ut servus para → Nimm eine Frau und sei ihr Knecht ein Leben lang
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|Definition=Adv., never in the form [[ἦε]] (ἠέ):<br><span class="bld">I</span> TO CONFIRM an assertion, [[in truth]], [[of a surety]], ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς Il.5.800, etc.; ironically, 1.229, al.; with concessive force, it is true that..: hence, although.., ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν 3.215: freq. strengthened by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα Od.24.193; ἦ ἄρα δή Il.13.446; ἦ ῥα 4.82; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215; ἦ γάρ 1.78; ἦ γάρ τοι Od.16.199; ἦ δή Il.2.272; ἦ δή που 21.583; ἦ δῆτα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''429; ἦ θην Il.20.452; ἦ κάρτα S. ''El.''1279; ἦ μάλα Il.3.204; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422; <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> and <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> (v. infr.); ἦ νυ Il.22.11; ἦ τάχα Od.18.73; ἦ τε 13.211: and to express doubt, <b class="b3">ἦ που</b>, v. [[ἦ που]] and [[ποῦ]]: esp. <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> used in oaths and asseverations, Il.2.291, 7.393, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''73, 168, etc.; also ἦ μάν Il.2.370, 13.354, Sapph.''Supp.''23.5; ἦ μέν Od.10.65(later <b class="b3">εἶ μήν</b>, v. [[εἷ]]): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77; <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> also in Ion. historical Prose, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.154, 5.93, al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Pl. ''Phd.''115d; <b class="b3">ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν</b> Lexap.D.24.39: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή Il.2.798, Od.18.257, al.; ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in the combinations <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ</b> and <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b>; A.D.''Conj.''255.5, ''Synt.''307.19(cf. Hdn.Gr.1.520), recognizes an 'expletive' [[ἠ]] (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after [[ἐπεί]], barytone after [[ὅτι]] or τί. It is prob. the same as the affirmative [[ἦ]] (cf. A.D.''Conj.''l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ.. Il.1.169, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα</b> ib. 156, Od.10.465; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί.. Il.20.437, Od.16.442. Trypho took [[τίη]] as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ.. Il.6.55, but A.D. (''Conj.''l.c.) infers from the accent of <b class="b3">ὅτι ἢ</b> that <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b> was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by Eust.45 init., 118.39, 907.14 to be [[τιή]], [[ὁτιή]]([[quod vide|qq.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">3</span> this [[ἦ]] (or [[ἢ]]) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ Il.2.289, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ Od.3.348, 19.109, where codd. have [[ἢ]] (in Od.3.348 [[ἠδέ]] (cj. Bekker) should perhaps be read for [[ἠέ]]).<br><span class="bld">II</span> in Questions not involving alternatives:<br><span class="bld">1</span> Direct questions,<br><span class="bld">a</span> epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, <b class="b3">τίπτ' εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος</b>; why hast thou come? [[is it]] that thou mayst see.. ? Il.1.203, cf. 5.466,7.26, Od.4.710,13.418, 17.376, B.17.5; <b class="b3">τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''622, cf. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1425 ([[ἤ]] codd.); <b class="b3">τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης</b>; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 173a (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr.2.112.<br><span class="bld">b</span> not epexegetic of a preceding question, <b class="b3">ἦ σύ γ' Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος</b>; art thou the wily Odysseus? Od.10.330, cf. Il.11.666, 15.504; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε.. Ἕκτορος</b>; do you not hear..? ib.506, cf. Od.16.424; <b class="b3">ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται</b>; Pl.''Cri.''43c; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω</b>; don't you think so too? Id.''Grg.''479b (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά</b>; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib.479c (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ τορῶς λέγω</b>; A.''Ag.''269; <b class="b3">ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''757: freq. with other Particles, <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρ..</b>; Od.20.166, Il.19.56; mostly <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα..</b>; 5.421, 762, Od.4.632; also in Trag. (in lyr.), [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''633, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''172, 955: esp. to mark the first of several questions, Pi.''I.''7(6).3 sqq.; <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρα δή..</b>; Il.13.446; <b class="b3">ἦ ῥά νυ..</b>; 4.93; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ..</b>; 15.128; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δή..</b>; S.''Ph.''565, ''El.''385; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα..</b>; Id.''OT''429; <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ..</b>; [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]'' 745, 757, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1000: in Att. Prose, <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ</b>; standing alone, is it not so? [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''160e, ''Grg.''449d, 468d; <b class="b3">ἦ καί..</b>; A.''Ag.''1207, 1362:—[[ἦ]] usually begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in Il.5.421, 762, Od.4.632, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''863, 1102, or [[ἀλλά]], as in A.''Ag.''276, ''Ch.''774:—by Crasis [[ἦ]] combines with [[ἄρα]] in Att. and the [[κοινή]] to [[ἆρα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), in all other dialects (cf. A.D.''Conj.''223.24) to [[ἦρα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), but [[ἆρα]] is found in Pi.''P.''4.78 ([[ἄρα]] codd.), al., Archil.86, 89.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ' εἴης Od. 13.415 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]], which alone has Ms. authority in Il.1.83, Od.19.325); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν Il.8.111 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]]) ; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ.. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω</b>; Od.16.138 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]]) ; <b class="b3">ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν</b> they shall investigate whether.. Tab.Heracl.1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ.. ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη Isyll.34; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι ''IG''12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented [[ἤ]] in codd. Hom., but it should perhaps be perispom.<br><span class="bld">ἦ</span>, for [[ἔφη]], 3sg. impf. or aor. 2 of [[ἠμί]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). ἦ, for [[ἦν]], Att. contr. from lon. [[ἔα]], impf. of [[εἰμί]]<br><span class="bld">A</span> ([[sum]]). | |Definition=Adv., never in the form [[ἦε]] (ἠέ):<br><span class="bld">I</span> TO CONFIRM an assertion, [[in truth]], [[of a surety]], ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς Il.5.800, etc.; ironically, 1.229, al.; with concessive force, it is true that..: hence, although.., ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν 3.215: freq. strengthened by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα Od.24.193; ἦ ἄρα δή Il.13.446; ἦ ῥα 4.82; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215; ἦ γάρ 1.78; ἦ γάρ τοι Od.16.199; ἦ δή Il.2.272; ἦ δή που 21.583; ἦ δῆτα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''429; ἦ θην Il.20.452; ἦ κάρτα S. ''El.''1279; ἦ μάλα Il.3.204; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422; <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> and <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> (v. infr.); ἦ νυ Il.22.11; ἦ τάχα Od.18.73; ἦ τε 13.211: and to express doubt, <b class="b3">ἦ που</b>, v. [[ἦ που]] and [[ποῦ]]: esp. <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> used in oaths and asseverations, Il.2.291, 7.393, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''73, 168, etc.; also ἦ μάν Il.2.370, 13.354, Sapph.''Supp.''23.5; ἦ μέν Od.10.65(later <b class="b3">εἶ μήν</b>, v. [[εἷ]]): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77; <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> also in Ion. historical Prose, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.154, 5.93, al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Pl. ''Phd.''115d; <b class="b3">ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν</b> Lexap.D.24.39: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή Il.2.798, Od.18.257, al.; ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in the combinations <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ</b> and <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b>; A.D.''Conj.''255.5, ''Synt.''307.19(cf. Hdn.Gr.1.520), recognizes an 'expletive' [[ἠ]] (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after [[ἐπεί]], barytone after [[ὅτι]] or τί. It is prob. the same as the affirmative [[ἦ]] (cf. A.D.''Conj.''l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ.. Il.1.169, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα</b> ib. 156, Od.10.465; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί.. Il.20.437, Od.16.442. Trypho took [[τίη]] as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ.. Il.6.55, but A.D. (''Conj.''l.c.) infers from the accent of <b class="b3">ὅτι ἢ</b> that <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b> was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by Eust.45 init., 118.39, 907.14 to be [[τιή]], [[ὁτιή]]([[quod vide|qq.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">3</span> this [[ἦ]] (or [[ἢ]]) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ Il.2.289, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ Od.3.348, 19.109, where codd. have [[ἢ]] (in Od.3.348 [[ἠδέ]] (cj. Bekker) should perhaps be read for [[ἠέ]]).<br><span class="bld">II</span> in Questions not involving alternatives:<br><span class="bld">1</span> Direct questions,<br><span class="bld">a</span> epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, <b class="b3">τίπτ' εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος</b>; why hast thou come? [[is it]] that thou mayst see.. ? Il.1.203, cf. 5.466,7.26, Od.4.710,13.418, 17.376, B.17.5; <b class="b3">τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''622, cf. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1425 ([[ἤ]] codd.); <b class="b3">τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης</b>; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 173a (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr.2.112.<br><span class="bld">b</span> not epexegetic of a preceding question, <b class="b3">ἦ σύ γ' Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος</b>; art thou the wily Odysseus? Od.10.330, cf. Il.11.666, 15.504; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε.. Ἕκτορος</b>; do you not hear..? ib.506, cf. Od.16.424; <b class="b3">ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται</b>; Pl.''Cri.''43c; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω</b>; don't you think so too? Id.''Grg.''479b (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά</b>; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib.479c (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ τορῶς λέγω</b>; A.''Ag.''269; <b class="b3">ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''757: freq. with other Particles, <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρ..</b>; Od.20.166, Il.19.56; mostly <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα..</b>; 5.421, 762, Od.4.632; also in Trag. (in lyr.), [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''633, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''172, 955: esp. to mark the first of several questions, Pi.''I.''7(6).3 sqq.; <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρα δή..</b>; Il.13.446; <b class="b3">ἦ ῥά νυ..</b>; 4.93; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ..</b>; 15.128; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δή..</b>; S.''Ph.''565, ''El.''385; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα..</b>; Id.''OT''429; <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ..</b>; [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]'' 745, 757, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1000: in Att. Prose, <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ</b>; standing alone, is it not so? [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''160e, ''Grg.''449d, 468d; <b class="b3">ἦ καί..</b>; A.''Ag.''1207, 1362:—[[ἦ]] usually begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in Il.5.421, 762, Od.4.632, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''863, 1102, or [[ἀλλά]], as in A.''Ag.''276, ''Ch.''774:—by Crasis [[ἦ]] combines with [[ἄρα]] in Att. and the [[κοινή]] to [[ἆρα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), in all other dialects (cf. A.D.''Conj.''223.24) to [[ἦρα]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), but [[ἆρα]] is found in Pi.''P.''4.78 ([[ἄρα]] codd.), al., Archil.86, 89.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ' εἴης Od. 13.415 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]], which alone has Ms. authority in Il.1.83, Od.19.325); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν Il.8.111 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]]); <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ.. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω</b>; Od.16.138 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[εἰ]]); <b class="b3">ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν</b> they shall investigate whether.. Tab.Heracl.1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ.. ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη Isyll.34; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι ''IG''12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented [[ἤ]] in codd. Hom., but it should perhaps be perispom.<br><span class="bld">ἦ</span>, for [[ἔφη]], 3sg. impf. or aor. 2 of [[ἠμί]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). ἦ, for [[ἦν]], Att. contr. from lon. [[ἔα]], impf. of [[εἰμί]]<br><span class="bld">A</span> ([[sum]]). | ||
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Latest revision as of 14:59, 25 November 2024
English (LSJ)
Adv., never in the form ἦε (ἠέ):
I TO CONFIRM an assertion, in truth, of a surety, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς Il.5.800, etc.; ironically, 1.229, al.; with concessive force, it is true that..: hence, although.., ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν 3.215: freq. strengthened by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα Od.24.193; ἦ ἄρα δή Il.13.446; ἦ ῥα 4.82; ἦ ῥά νυ 6.215; ἦ γάρ 1.78; ἦ γάρ τοι Od.16.199; ἦ δή Il.2.272; ἦ δή που 21.583; ἦ δῆτα S.OT429; ἦ θην Il.20.452; ἦ κάρτα S. El.1279; ἦ μάλα Il.3.204; ἦ μάλα δή 5.422; ἦ μήν and ἦ μέν (v. infr.); ἦ νυ Il.22.11; ἦ τάχα Od.18.73; ἦ τε 13.211: and to express doubt, ἦ που, v. ἦ που and ποῦ: esp. ἦ μήν used in oaths and asseverations, Il.2.291, 7.393, A.Pr.73, 168, etc.; also ἦ μάν Il.2.370, 13.354, Sapph.Supp.23.5; ἦ μέν Od.10.65(later εἶ μήν, v. εἷ): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77; ἦ μέν also in Ion. historical Prose, Hdt.4.154, 5.93, al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Pl. Phd.115d; ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν Lexap.D.24.39: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή Il.2.798, Od.18.257, al.; ἦ δὴ μάν Il.17.538.
2 in the combinations ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ and τί ἢ; A.D.Conj.255.5, Synt.307.19(cf. Hdn.Gr.1.520), recognizes an 'expletive' ἠ (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after ἐπεί, barytone after ὅτι or τί. It is prob. the same as the affirmative ἦ (cf. A.D.Conj.l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ.. Il.1.169, al.; ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα ib. 156, Od.10.465; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί.. Il.20.437, Od.16.442. Trypho took τίη as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ.. Il.6.55, but A.D. (Conj.l.c.) infers from the accent of ὅτι ἢ that τί ἢ was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by Eust.45 init., 118.39, 907.14 to be τιή, ὁτιή(qq.v.).
3 this ἦ (or ἢ) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ Il.2.289, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ Od.3.348, 19.109, where codd. have ἢ (in Od.3.348 ἠδέ (cj. Bekker) should perhaps be read for ἠέ).
II in Questions not involving alternatives:
1 Direct questions,
a epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, τίπτ' εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος; why hast thou come? is it that thou mayst see.. ? Il.1.203, cf. 5.466,7.26, Od.4.710,13.418, 17.376, B.17.5; τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν; S.OT622, cf. E.Or.1425 (ἤ codd.); τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης; Pl.Smp. 173a (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr.2.112.
b not epexegetic of a preceding question, ἦ σύ γ' Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος; art thou the wily Odysseus? Od.10.330, cf. Il.11.666, 15.504; ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε.. Ἕκτορος; do you not hear..? ib.506, cf. Od.16.424; ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται; Pl.Cri.43c; ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω; don't you think so too? Id.Grg.479b (perispom., cod. T); ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib.479c (perispom., cod. T); ἦ τορῶς λέγω; A.Ag.269; ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών; S.OT757: freq. with other Particles, ἦ ἄρ..; Od.20.166, Il.19.56; mostly ἦ ῥα..; 5.421, 762, Od.4.632; also in Trag. (in lyr.), A.Pers.633, S.Aj.172, 955: esp. to mark the first of several questions, Pi.I.7(6).3 sqq.; ἦ ἄρα δή..; Il.13.446; ἦ ῥά νυ..; 4.93; ἦ νυ..; 15.128; ἦ ταῦτα δή..; S.Ph.565, El.385; ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα..; Id.OT429; ἦ γάρ..; A.Pr. 745, 757, S.OT1000: in Att. Prose, ἦ γάρ; standing alone, is it not so? Pl.Tht.160e, Grg.449d, 468d; ἦ καί..; A.Ag.1207, 1362:—ἦ usually begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in Il.5.421, 762, Od.4.632, S.OC863, 1102, or ἀλλά, as in A.Ag.276, Ch.774:—by Crasis ἦ combines with ἄρα in Att. and the κοινή to ἆρα (q.v.), in all other dialects (cf. A.D.Conj.223.24) to ἦρα (q.v.), but ἆρα is found in Pi.P.4.78 (ἄρα codd.), al., Archil.86, 89.
2 Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ' εἴης Od. 13.415 (v.l. εἰ, which alone has Ms. authority in Il.1.83, Od.19.325); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν Il.8.111 (v.l. εἰ); ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ.. ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω; Od.16.138 (v.l. εἰ); ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν they shall investigate whether.. Tab.Heracl.1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ.. ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη Isyll.34; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι IG12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented ἤ in codd. Hom., but it should perhaps be perispom.
ἦ, for ἔφη, 3sg. impf. or aor. 2 of ἠμί (q.v.). ἦ, for ἦν, Att. contr. from lon. ἔα, impf. of εἰμί
A (sum).
German (Pape)
[Seite 1147] (vgl. je, ja), 1) bekräftigend, betheuernd, fürwahr, wahrlich, traun, gewiß, Hom. u. Folgde; ἦ γὰρ ὀΐομαι ἄνδρα χολωσέμεν, denn traun, ich meine, er wird zürnen, Il. 1, 78. Oft verbunden mit anderen Partikeln, ἦ ἄρα, Od. 24, 193, ἦ ἄρα δή, Il. 13, 446, ἦ ἄρ, ἦ ἄρ τε, 19, 56 Od. 13, 357. 20, 166, ἦ ῥα, Il. 16, 750 Soph. Ai. 172. 934, ἦ ῥά νυ, Od. 12, 280, – ἦ γάρ, freilich wohl, Il. 1, 232. 293. 342.355, ἦ γάρ τοι, Od. 16, 199, – ἦ δή, Il. 1, 518 Od. 1, 253, ἦ δή που, Il. 21, 583, ἦ δὴ μάν, 17, 538; ἦ δή τ' ἂν εἴη πανδίκως ψευδώνυμος Aesch. Spt. 652; – ἦ θήν πού τοι θυμὸς ἐέλπεται Il. 13, 813; – ἦ κάρτα, bes. bei den Tragg. häufig, Aesch. Ag. 528. 1225 Soph. Ai. 1338; vgl. Valck. Hipp. 1028; auch allein in der bejahenden Antwort, ja wohl, Soph. El. 304; – ἦ μάλα, bei Aussprüchen u. Meinungen, die man anzunehmen bereit ist, ἦ μάλα Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι Od. 19, 474, fürwahr ja, so denke ich und hoffe ich, du bist Od., vgl. 16, 183 Il. 3, 204; auch ἦ μάλα δή, Il. 18, 12. 21, 55 Od. 4, 169. 333. 23, 149; ἦ μάν, u. ἦ μέν, wie ἦ μήν, gewiß u. wahrhaftig (vgl. μήν u. μέν, u. Nägelsbach Anmerkgn zur Ilias p. 1591, von Homer an der gewöhnliche Ausdruck beim Schwur, mit dem die eigentlichen Worte desselben eingeführt werden, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς πρῶτα θεῶν –, ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται, Od. 14, 160; σὺ δὲ σύνθεο καί μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μέν μοι – ἀρήξειν Il. 1, 77; ὄμνυσι ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν Aesch. gpt. 513; Soph. Tr. 255; Plat. Phaedr. 236 e Legg. VI, 784 c; ὀμνύω ὑμῖν θεοὺς πάντας, ἦ μὴν ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην Xen. An. 5, 9, 31; c. inf. fut., ibd. 2, 3, 26, aor. 6, 4, 17; ὤμοσαν ἦ μὴν ποιήσειν Is. 2, 32; ἐπώμοσαν ἦ μὲν ἀρήξει ν Ap. Rh. 2, 715; auch ἐγγυητὰς καταστήσας, Dem. 24, 39, wie ἐγγυᾶσθαι ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Plat. Phaed. 115 d; zu nachdrücklichen Betheuerungen, ἦ μάν, Il. 2, 370, freilich wohl, 13, 354, ἦ μέν, Il. 9, 252 Od. 10, 65, doch gewiß, ἦ μὲν δή, Il. 2, 798 Od. 18, 257, ἦ μήν, Il. 2, 291. 7, 393. 9, 57; ἦ μὴν κελεύσω Aesch. Prom. 73; vgl. Plat. Phil. 18 d Euthyd. 276 e; – ἦ νύ τοι, Il. 22, 11; – ἦ που, sicher wohl, Aesch. Prom. 519; Soph. Phil. 1115; nicht selten ironisch, ἦ πού με τελαμὼν δέξαιτ' ἂν εὐπρόσωπος Ai. 987, vgl. Plat. Gorg. 448 a 469 b Phaed. 84 d Rep. X, 595 d; – ἦ τάχα, Od. 18, 73. 338. 389; ἦ τάχα καί, 19, 69; – ἦ τε, Il. 16, 687. 17, 236. 18, 13 Od. 20, 194. 24, 311. – 2) fragend, in directer Frage ff. ἤ 2.), wie es im Deutschen zuweilen durch denn, oder wohl, etwa, häufig aber nur durch den Frageton, nicht durch ein eigenes Wort wiedergegeben werden kann, Od. 10, 330 Il. 11, 666 u. sonst; ἦ τορῶς λέγω; Aesch. Ag. 260; ἦ πῶς; Ch. 756; Folgde, wie in Prosa. Oft ἦ ῥα bei Hom., Od. 15, 431; ἦ ῥά νυ, Il. 4, 93; ἦ ῥά τι, 5, 421. 762. 7, 446. 9, 674 Od. 4, 632; bei den Attikern sehr häufig ἦ γάρ, sowohl Tragg., ἦ γάρ τι λοιπὸν ἐρεῖς Aesch. Prom. 747, ἦ γὰρ μετέσχες τοῦδε τοῦ πόνου Soph. Phil. 248, als in Prosa, Plat. Gorg. 469 b Rep. X, 607 c u. sonst; auch ἦ γάρ allein, für sich einen Fragesatz bildend, wie nonne? nicht wahr? Prot. 312 e 333 e; oft auch ἦ γὰρ οὔ; vgl. Heindorf zu Plat. Phaedr. 266 d Gorg. 468 d; ἦ γάρ ποτ' ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία; Aesch. Prom. 759. er sprach's, von ἠμί, statt ἔφη, s. unter ἠμί.
French (Bailly abrégé)
1adv.
1 certes, sans doute ; joint à d'autres particules : ἦ ἄρα OD, ἦ ἄρ IL, ἦ ῥα IL, ἦ δή IL, ἦ μάν IL, ἦ μέν IL, ἦ τε IL, ἦ θήν IL, m. sign. ; ἦ κάρτα ESCHL certes, tout à fait, bien sûr ; ἦ μάλα IL m. sign. ; ἦ γάρ IL certes en effet ; surt. ἦ μήν, certes, en vérité;
2 avec interrog. est-ce que ? : ἦ μοῦνοι φιλέουσ' ἀλόχους Ἀτρεῖδαι ; IL les Atrides sont-ils donc seuls à aimer leurs compagnes ? avec d'autres particules : ἦ ῥα IL est-ce que ? ἦ ταῦτα δή ; SOPH m. sign. ; ἦ οὐ, ἦ οὐκ (lat. nonne ?) IL, OD est-ce que, ne ? ἦ μή OD m. sign.
21ᵉ et 3ᵉ sg. impf. de εἰμί;
3ᵉ sg. impf. de ἠμί.
English (Autenrieth)
see (1) εἰμί.—(2) ἠμί.
in truth, surely, verily.—(1) particle of asseveration, always standing at the beginning of its clause except in the phrase ἐπεὶ ἦ (sometimes written ἐπειή). Freq. in combination with other particles, ἦ δή, ἦ μάλα (δή), ἦ θήν, ἦ τε, ἦ τοι (q.v.), and esp. ἦ μήν (μέν), which may be retained even in indirect quotation, καί μοι ὄμοσσον | ἦ μέν μοι.. ἀρήξειν (representing in the direct form, ἦ μέν σοι ἀρήξω, ‘I sol emnly declare that I will defend thee’), Il. 1.77, Il. 14.275.—(2) the same particle may introduce a direct question, esp. a specific question following a general one, always, however, with the expression of some feeling; τίπτ' αὖτ.. εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος, ‘is it that thou may'st behold, etc.?’ Il. 1.203, Il. 3.400, Il. 20.17; Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τις ἔστι βροτῶν, κτλ., ‘pray, lives there a man, etc.?’ Il. 7.446.
English (Slater)
ἦ
1 spoke dub., ἦ ῥα Μηδείας ἐπέων στίχες (v. Wil., 387̆{1}: ἦρα Schr.) (P. 4.57), cf. Πα. 7B. 43.
ἦ (in first position, but introducing phrase (P. 9.22), 37, postponed once (O. 13.63) )
a emphasising what follows. ἦ κεν ἀμνάσειεν (P. 1.47) ἦ τιν' ἄγλωσσον μέν, ἦτορ δ ἄλκιμον λάθα κατέχει ἐν λυγρῷ νείκει (N. 8.24) ]ᾖ Διὸς οὐκ ἐθελο[ (ἔφη interp. Bury) Πα. 7B. 43. esp. πολύς; ὃς τᾶς ὀφιώδεος υἱόν ποτε Γοργόνος ἦ πόλλ' ἀμφὶ κρουνοῖς Πάγασον ζεῦξαι ποθέων ἔπαθεν (O. 13.63) κεράιζεν ἀγρίους θῆρας, ἦ πολλάν τε καὶ ἡσύχιον βουσὶν εἰρήναν παρέχοισα πατρῴαις (P. 9.22) ἦ θαύματα πολλά (O. 1.27)
b in combination with other particles. α. ἦρα (= ἦ ἄρα).
1 in asseveration (v. also ἦρα, ῥα.) [ἦ ῥα Μηδείας ἐπέων στίχες (ἔφη Σ: ἦρα Schr.) (P. 4.57) ] ἦῤ, ὦ φίλοι, κατ' ἀμευσίπορον τρίοδον ἐδινάθην (P. 11.38)
2 introducing question. “ὁσία κλυτὰν χέρα οἱ προσενεγκεῖν ἦρα καὶ ἐκ λεχέων κεῖραι μελιαδέα ποίαν;” (P. 9.37) τίνι τῶν πάρος, ὦ μάκαιρα Θήβα, καλῶν ἐπιχωρίων μάλιστα θυμὸν τεὸν εὔφρανας; ἦρα χαλκοκρότου πάρεδρον Δαμάτερος ἁνίκ' εὐρυχαίταν ἄντειλας Διόνυσον; (I. 7.3)
II ἦ μάν, in strong asseveration. ἦ μὰν ἀνόμοιά γε δᾴοισιν ἐν θερμῷ χροὶ ἕλκεα ῥῆξαν (N. 8.28) “ἦ μάν νιν ὤτρυνον θαμὰ” (P. 4.40) ἦ μὰν πολλάκι καὶ τὸ σεσωπαμένον εὐθυμίαν μείζω φέρει (I. 1.63)
c ἦ γάρ, emphasising a reason. ἀκούσατ· ἦ γὰρ ἑλικώπιδος Ἀφροδίτας ἄρουραν ἢ Χαρίτων ἀναπολίζομεν (P. 6.1) ἦ γὰρ αὐτῶν μετάστασιν ἄκραν[ θῆ]κε Δ. 4. 40.
d ἦ δή, v. δή.
e ἀλλ' ἦ, v. ἀλλά.
English (Abbott-Smith)
English (Strong)
an adverb of confirmation; perhaps intensive of ἤ; used only (in the New Testament) before μέν; assuredly: surely.
Greek Monotonic
ἦ: επίρρ. με δύο κύριες σημασίες, βεβαιωτική και ερωτηματική.
I. ΒΕΒΑΙΩΤΙΚΟ· Για να επιβεβαιώσει έναν ισχυρισμό· αληθινά, βεβαίως, με ασφάλεια, πράγματι, τω όντι, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· συχνά επιτεταμ. συνοδευμένο από άλλα μόρια, όπως: ἦ ἄρα, ἦ δή, ἦ δή που, ἦ μάλα, κ.λπ.· χρησιμ. επίσης για να εκφράσει αμφιβολία, ἦ που· ο πιο ισχυρός από τους συνδυασμούς αυτούς είναι το ἦ μήν, Ιων. και Επικ. ἦ μέν, ἦ μάν, που χρησιμ. σε ισχυρές επιβεβαιώσεις και όρκους· σύ μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.
II. ΕΡΩΤΗΜΑΤΙΚΟ· Σε ερωτημ. προτάσεις· Λατ. num? = παρακαλώ; δεν είναι έτσι; επίσης, ἦ οὐκ...;, Λατ. nonne? Συχνά προστίθενται σε αυτό τα μόρια· ἦ, ἦ ἄρ, ἦ ῥα, ἦ ἄρα δή, κ.λπ.
ἦ: αντί ἔφη, γʹ ενικ. παρατ. ή αορ. βʹ του ἠμί.
• ἦ: Αττ. συνηρ. τύπος από το Ιων. ἔα, παρατ. του εἰμί (Λατ. sum).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἦ:
I adv. утвердит. - употр. преимущ. с другими частицами: ἦ ἄρα (δή), ἦ ἄρ (τε), ἦ ῥα, ἦ ῥά νυ, ἦ γάρ (τοι), ἦ δή (που), ἦ δῆτα, ἦ θήν, ἦ κάρτα, ἦ μάλα (δή), ἦ μήν, ἦ μέν, ἦ μάν, ἦ νύ τοι, ἦ τε, ἦ τάχα (καί) - действительно, поистине, право, конечно: μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μέν μοι ἀρήξειν Hom. поклянись мне, что действительно заступишься за меня; ἦ ῥά νυ καὶ σὺ φιλοψευδὴς ἐτέτυξο Hom. явно и ты стал любителем лжи; νῦν ἔξεστιν ὑμῖν πιστὰ λαβεῖν παρ᾽ ἡμῶν ἦ μὴν φιλίαν παρέξειν ὑμῖν τῆν χώραν Xen. теперь вы можете получить от нас заверения, что мы (не на словах, а ) на деле будем дружественной для вас страной.
ἦ: II adv. вопросит. - иногда с другими частицами: ἦ ῥά νυ, ἦ ῥά γε, ἦ ῥά γέ τοι, ἦ ταῦτα δή, ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα или с отрицанием: ἦ οὐ(κ), ἦ μή - разве (не), (не) … ли: ἦ σύγ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος; Hom. так ты (не ты ли) хитроумный Одиссей?; ἦ ταῦτα δή (v.l. γάρ) με καὶ βεβούλευνται ποιεῖν; Soph. так вот что они решили сделать со мной?; ἦ φῂς ὣς Τρώεσσιν ἀρηξέμεν Ζῆν; Hom. разве ты думаешь, что Зевс благосклонен к троянцам?; ἦ γάρ; Plat. не правда ли?
ἦ: III (= ἦν, ион. ἔα) атт. impf. к εἰμί.
ἦ: IV (= ἔφη) 3 л. sing. impf. aor. 2 к ἠμί.
Middle Liddell
with two chief senses, Confirmative and Interrogative:
I. TO CONFIRM an assertion, in truth, truly, verily, of a surety, Hom., etc.; often strengthened by other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα, ἦ δή, ἦ δή που, ἦ μάλα, etc.;—and to express doubt, ἦ που;—ἦ μήν, ionic and epic ἦ μέν, ἦ μάν, used in protestations and oaths, σὺ μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι ἀρήξειν Hom., etc.
II. in INTERROG. sentences, Lat. num? pray? or can it be?— also ἦ οὐκ . .; Lat. nonne? Particles are often added to this ἦ, ἦ ῥα, ἦ ἄρα δή, etc.
Frisk Etymology German
ἦ: 1.
{ē̃}
Meaning: fürwahr, gewiß, wirklich hervorhebende und fragende Partikel (seit Il.), gewöhnlich anderen Partikeln und Adverbien vorangestellt, z. B. ἦ ἄρα, ἦ γάρ, ἦ που, ἦ μήν, bisweilen nachgestellt: ἐπεὶ ἦ, τί (ὅτι) ἤ, (ὁ)τιή usw.
Etymology : Herkunft unklar; vielleicht mit der Interjektion ἤ (s. d.) ursprünglich identisch. Nach Brugmann Grundr.2 2, 3, 983 zu aind. ā́ (hervorhebend nach Nomen und Adv.), ahd. ihh-ā ich, nein-ā nein u. a. als mutmaßlicher Instr. sg. des Demonstrativums *e-, o- (vgl. εἰ); dazu Schwyzer-Debrunner 564 m. A. 4.
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2.
{ē̃}
Meaning: sagte er
See also: s. ἠμί.
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Chinese
原文音譯:Ã 誒
詞類次數:副詞 質詞(1)
原文字根:或 相當於: (אִם) (אֱמֶת)
字義溯源:必然地,確然地,必是,是,真實地;或源自(ἤ)=或*)
出現次數:總共(2);太(2)
譯字彙編:
1) 是(2) 太10:13; 太10:13