munus: Difference between revisions

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Περὶ τοῦ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ νοῦ κατὰ μὲν νόησιν πολλὰ λέγεται, θεωρεῖται δὲ ἀνοησίᾳ κρείττονι νοήσεως → On the subject of that which is beyond intellect, many statements are made on the basis of intellection, but it may be immediately cognised only by means of a non-intellection superior to intellection

Porphyry, Sententiae, 25
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Afrikaans: geskenk, present, kado; Albanian: dhuratë; Arabic: هَدِيَّة‎; Egyptian Arabic: هدية‎, كادو‎; Aragonese: regalo; Armenian: նվեր, ընծա; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܘܗܲܒ݂ܬܵܐ‎, ܕܲܫܢܵܐ‎, ܦܲܫܟܲܫ‎; Asturian: regalu; Avar: сайигъат; Azerbaijani: hədiyyə; Bashkir: бүләк, күстәнәс; Belarusian: падарунак, дар, гасці́нец, прэзент; Bengali: উপহার; Breton: prof; Bulgarian: подарък, дар; Burmese: ပဏ္ဏာ; Catalan: present, do, regal; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵡⴻⵔⴹⵉ; Chechen: совгӏат; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏁᏗ; Chichewa: mphatso; Chinese Cantonese: 禮物, 礼物; Dungan: лищин, ли; Hakka: 禮物, 礼物; Mandarin: 禮物, 礼物; Min Dong: 禮物, 礼物; Min Nan: 禮物, 礼物; Wu: 禮物, 礼物; Chuvash: парне, кучченеҫ; Crimean Tatar: tokuz; Czech: dar, dárek; Danish: gave; Dhivehi: ހަދިޔާ‎; Dutch: [[gift]], [[geschenk]], [[presentje]], [[cadeau]]; Esperanto: donaco; Estonian: and, kingitus; Faliscan: datu; Faroese: gáva; Finnish: lahja; French: [[présent]], [[cadeau]], [[don]]; Galician: regalo, agasallo, presente; Georgian: საჩუქარი, ძღვენი, ნაბოძები; German: [[Geschenk]], [[Präsent]], [[Spende]], [[Gabe]]; Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌼𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍆𐍄𐍃, 𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂; Greek: [[δώρο]], [[δωρεά]], [[χάρισμα]]; Ancient Greek: [[δῶρον]], [[δώρημα]], [[δωρεά]], [[δόσις]], [[δώς]], [[δωτίνη]], [[προσφορά]]; Gujarati: ભેટ, બક્ષિશ; Hawaiian: makana; Hebrew: מַתָּנָה‎, שַׁי‎; Hindi: उपहार, देन, बख़्शिश, सौग़ात, भेंट; Hungarian: ajándék; Icelandic: gjöf; Ido: donacajo; Indonesian: hadiah, kado; Ingush: совгӏат; Interlingua: dono; Irish: bronntanas, tabhartas, féirín; Italian: [[regalo]], [[dono]], [[presente]]; Japanese: 贈り物, 贈答品, プレゼント, ギフト, 進物, 礼物; Javanese: hadiah; Kannada: ಕೊಡುಗೆ; Kazakh: сый, сыйлық; Khmer: ជំនូន, អំណោយ; Korean: 선물(膳物), 프레젠트, 기프트; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دیاری‎; Northern Kurdish: diyarî, hediye; Kyrgyz: сыйлык, белек; Ladin: bonaman; Lao: ຂວັນ, ຂອງຂວັນ, ຂອງຕ້ອນ, ເຄື່ອງຕ້ອນ, ຂອງຝາກ, ກຳນັນ; Latgalian: duovona; Latin: [[donum]], [[munus]], [[xenium]]; Latvian: dāvana; Lezgi: багъиш; Ligurian: regalu, cadò; Lithuanian: dovana; Luxembourgish: Geschenk, Cadeau, Kaddo, Don, Spend; Macedonian: подарок, дар; Malay: hadiah; Malayalam: സമ്മാനം; Maltese: rigal; Manx: gioot, tortys, nastey; Maore Comorian: zawadi; Maori: koha, kōpare, perehana; Marathi: भेटवस्तू; Marsian: dunom; Mongolian Cyrillic: бэлэг; Ngazidja Comorian: ɓambu, hiɗaya; Norman: persent, présent; Norwegian Bokmål: gave, presang; Nynorsk: gåve, presang; Occitan: present, don; Old English: ġiefu; Old Norse: gipt, gáfa, gjǫf; Old Swedish: gava; Oriya: ଦାନ; Ossetian: лӕвар; Pashto: ارمغان‎, بخشش‎, تارتوک‎, تحفه‎, هديه‎, پېشکش‎; Persian: هدیه‎, پیشکش‎, کادو‎; Plautdietsch: Gow, Jeschenkj; Polish: prezent, dar, podarunek, podarek; Portuguese: [[presente]], [[prenda]]; Punjabi: ਉਪਹਾਰ, ਤੋਹਫ਼ਾ; Romanian: cadou, dar; Romansch: regal; Russian: [[подарок]], [[дар]], [[презент]], [[гостинец]]; Sanskrit: मघ, उपहार, दान, दुवस्; Scottish Gaelic: tiodhlac; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: по̀клон, да̑р; Roman: pòklon, dȃr; Sicilian: rigalu, rijalu, prisenti; Sinhalese: තෑග්ග; Slovak: dar, darček; Slovene: darilo; Sotho: mpho; Spanish: [[regalo]], [[obsequio]]; Swahili: zawadi, kipawa; Swedish: present, gåva, skänk; Tagalog: regalo, bigay, pasalubong; Tajik: ҳадя, тӯҳфа, пешкаш, бахшиш; Tamil: பரிசு; Tatar: бүләк; Telugu: కానుక, బహుమతి; Thai: ของขวัญ, ของกำนัล, ของฝาก, กำนัล; Tibetan: རྔན་པ, ལག་རྟགས; Tocharian B: āyor; Tswana: mpho; Turkish: hediye, armağan; Turkmen: peşeş, zehin, sylag; Udmurt: кузьым; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎉𐎃, 𐎜𐎌𐎐; Ukrainian: подарунок, дарунок, дар, ралець, презент, гостинець; Urdu: تُحْفَہ‎, سَوْغات‎, ہَدِیَہ‎, بَخْشِش‎, عَطِیَّہ‎; Uyghur: سوۋغات‎, سوۋغا‎, تارتۇق‎, ھەدىيىلىك‎; Uzbek: sovg'a, tuhfa; Vestinian: duno; Vietnamese: quà, quà tặng, quà biếu; Volapük: legivot; Walloon: bistoke, cado, prezint; Welsh: anrheg; West Frisian: jefte; Wolof: yóobal; Xhosa: isipho; Yakut: бэлэх; Yiddish: גאָב‎, מתּנה‎, געשאַנק‎; Yoruba: ẹ̀bùn; Yup'ik: cikirun; Zazaki: hediye, peskes; Zulu: isipho, isiphiwo, umkhungo
Afrikaans: geskenk, present, kado; Albanian: dhuratë; Arabic: هَدِيَّة‎; Egyptian Arabic: هدية‎, كادو‎; Aragonese: regalo; Armenian: նվեր, ընծա; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܘܗܲܒ݂ܬܵܐ‎, ܕܲܫܢܵܐ‎, ܦܲܫܟܲܫ‎; Asturian: regalu; Avar: сайигъат; Azerbaijani: hədiyyə; Bashkir: бүләк, күстәнәс; Belarusian: падарунак, дар, гасці́нец, прэзент; Bengali: উপহার; Breton: prof; Bulgarian: подарък, дар; Burmese: ပဏ္ဏာ; Catalan: present, do, regal; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵡⴻⵔⴹⵉ; Chechen: совгӏат; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏁᏗ; Chichewa: mphatso; Chinese Cantonese: 禮物, 礼物; Dungan: лищин, ли; Hakka: 禮物, 礼物; Mandarin: 禮物, 礼物; Min Dong: 禮物, 礼物; Min Nan: 禮物, 礼物; Wu: 禮物, 礼物; Chuvash: парне, кучченеҫ; Crimean Tatar: tokuz; Czech: dar, dárek; Danish: gave; Dhivehi: ހަދިޔާ‎; Dutch: [[gift]], [[geschenk]], [[presentje]], [[cadeau]]; Esperanto: donaco; Estonian: and, kingitus; Faliscan: datu; Faroese: gáva; Finnish: lahja; French: [[présent]], [[cadeau]], [[don]]; Galician: regalo, agasallo, presente; Georgian: საჩუქარი, ძღვენი, ნაბოძები; German: [[Geschenk]], [[Präsent]], [[Spende]], [[Gabe]]; Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌼𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍆𐍄𐍃, 𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂; Greek: [[δώρο]], [[δωρεά]], [[χάρισμα]]; Ancient Greek: [[ἄγαλμα]], [[ἀκτή]], [[ἀποστολή]], [[ἀρραβών]], [[δεξίαμα]], [[δεξίωμα]], [[δόμα]], [[δονάτιβον]], [[δόσις]], [[δωνατίουον]], [[δωρεά]], [[δώρημα]], [[δῶρον]], [[δωροφορία]], [[δώς]], [[δωτίνη]], [[ἕδνον]], [[ἐκεχείριος]], [[ἐκέχειρον]], [[ἐξαλλαγή]], [[προσφορά]]; Gujarati: ભેટ, બક્ષિશ; Hawaiian: makana; Hebrew: מַתָּנָה‎, שַׁי‎; Hindi: उपहार, देन, बख़्शिश, सौग़ात, भेंट; Hungarian: ajándék; Icelandic: gjöf; Ido: donacajo; Indonesian: hadiah, kado; Ingush: совгӏат; Interlingua: dono; Irish: bronntanas, tabhartas, féirín; Italian: [[regalo]], [[dono]], [[presente]]; Japanese: 贈り物, 贈答品, プレゼント, ギフト, 進物, 礼物; Javanese: hadiah; Kannada: ಕೊಡುಗೆ; Kazakh: сый, сыйлық; Khmer: ជំនូន, អំណោយ; Korean: 선물(膳物), 프레젠트, 기프트; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دیاری‎; Northern Kurdish: diyarî, hediye; Kyrgyz: сыйлык, белек; Ladin: bonaman; Lao: ຂວັນ, ຂອງຂວັນ, ຂອງຕ້ອນ, ເຄື່ອງຕ້ອນ, ຂອງຝາກ, ກຳນັນ; Latgalian: duovona; Latin: [[donum]], [[munus]], [[xenium]]; Latvian: dāvana; Lezgi: багъиш; Ligurian: regalu, cadò; Lithuanian: dovana; Luxembourgish: Geschenk, Cadeau, Kaddo, Don, Spend; Macedonian: подарок, дар; Malay: hadiah; Malayalam: സമ്മാനം; Maltese: rigal; Manx: gioot, tortys, nastey; Maore Comorian: zawadi; Maori: koha, kōpare, perehana; Marathi: भेटवस्तू; Marsian: dunom; Mongolian Cyrillic: бэлэг; Ngazidja Comorian: ɓambu, hiɗaya; Norman: persent, présent; Norwegian Bokmål: gave, presang; Nynorsk: gåve, presang; Occitan: present, don; Old English: ġiefu; Old Norse: gipt, gáfa, gjǫf; Old Swedish: gava; Oriya: ଦାନ; Ossetian: лӕвар; Pashto: ارمغان‎, بخشش‎, تارتوک‎, تحفه‎, هديه‎, پېشکش‎; Persian: هدیه‎, پیشکش‎, کادو‎; Plautdietsch: Gow, Jeschenkj; Polish: prezent, dar, podarunek, podarek; Portuguese: [[presente]], [[prenda]]; Punjabi: ਉਪਹਾਰ, ਤੋਹਫ਼ਾ; Romanian: cadou, dar; Romansch: regal; Russian: [[подарок]], [[дар]], [[презент]], [[гостинец]]; Sanskrit: मघ, उपहार, दान, दुवस्; Scottish Gaelic: tiodhlac; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: по̀клон, да̑р; Roman: pòklon, dȃr; Sicilian: rigalu, rijalu, prisenti; Sinhalese: තෑග්ග; Slovak: dar, darček; Slovene: darilo; Sotho: mpho; Spanish: [[regalo]], [[obsequio]]; Swahili: zawadi, kipawa; Swedish: present, gåva, skänk; Tagalog: regalo, bigay, pasalubong; Tajik: ҳадя, тӯҳфа, пешкаш, бахшиш; Tamil: பரிசு; Tatar: бүләк; Telugu: కానుక, బహుమతి; Thai: ของขวัญ, ของกำนัล, ของฝาก, กำนัล; Tibetan: རྔན་པ, ལག་རྟགས; Tocharian B: āyor; Tswana: mpho; Turkish: hediye, armağan; Turkmen: peşeş, zehin, sylag; Udmurt: кузьым; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎉𐎃, 𐎜𐎌𐎐; Ukrainian: подарунок, дарунок, дар, ралець, презент, гостинець; Urdu: تُحْفَہ‎, سَوْغات‎, ہَدِیَہ‎, بَخْشِش‎, عَطِیَّہ‎; Uyghur: سوۋغات‎, سوۋغا‎, تارتۇق‎, ھەدىيىلىك‎; Uzbek: sovg'a, tuhfa; Vestinian: duno; Vietnamese: quà, quà tặng, quà biếu; Volapük: legivot; Walloon: bistoke, cado, prezint; Welsh: anrheg; West Frisian: jefte; Wolof: yóobal; Xhosa: isipho; Yakut: бэлэх; Yiddish: גאָב‎, מתּנה‎, געשאַנק‎; Yoruba: ẹ̀bùn; Yup'ik: cikirun; Zazaki: hediye, peskes; Zulu: isipho, isiphiwo, umkhungo
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Revision as of 15:11, 4 November 2022

Latin > English

munus muneris N N :: service; duty, office, function; gift; tribute, offering; bribes (pl.)

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

mūnus: (old orthogr. moenus;
I moenera militiaï, Lucr. 1, 29), ĕris, n. root mu-; cf.: moenia, munis, munia, etc., a service, office, post, employment, function, duty (class.; syn.: officium, ministerium, honos).
I Lit.: munus significat officium, cum dicitur quis munere fungi. Item donum quod officii causā datur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 140 Müll. (cf. infra): munus curare, to discharge an office, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 76: octo munus hominum fungi, id. Men. 1, 4, 5: administrare, Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 2: munus atque officium, Cic. Font. 7, 15: rei publicae, a public office, id. de Or. 1, 45, 199: belli, Liv. 24, 35: de jure respondendi sustinere, Cic. Brut. 30, 113: rei publicae explere, id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35: vigiliarum obire, to perform, Liv. 3, 6: officii, the performance of a duty, Cic. Sen. 11, 35: tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes: a te hoc civitas exspectat, duty, office, obligation, id. Fam. 11, 5, 3: principum est resistere levitati multitudinis, id. Mil. 8, 22: vitae, id. Sen. 11, 35: senectutis, id. Leg. 1, 3, 10.—
   B Esp., = onus, a duty, burden, tribute: cum hoc munus imponebatur tam grave civitati, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 20, § 51: id quoque munus leve atque commune Mamertinis remisisti, id. ib. 2, 5, 21, § 52: dum ne quis eorum munere vacaret, Liv. 25, 7, 4: non enim detractionem eam munerum militiae, sed apertam defectionem esse, id. 27, 9, 9.—
II Transf.
   A A work: majorum vigiliarum munus, Cic. Par. prooem.: solitudinis, a work, book, written in solitude, id. Off. 3, 1, 4.—
   B A service, favor: huc ire licet atque illuc munere ditium dominorum, Sall. Orat. Licin.; Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1.—
   2    In partic., the last service, office to the dead, i. e. burial: pro hominis dignitate amplo munere extulit, Nep. Eum. 4, 4 (dub.; al. funere): suprema, Verg. A. 11, 25: supremum mortis, Cat. 101, 3: debita, Val. Fl. 3, 313: fungi inani Munere, Verg. A. 6, 885: cineri haec mittite nostro Munera, id. ib. 4, 624.—
   C A present, gift (syn.: donum, praemium): bonum datum deorum concessu atque munere, Cic. Univ. 14: mittere alicui, id. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 62: mittere aliquid alicui munere, to send one something as a present, Plin. 37, 5, 19, § 74 (al. muneri): quasi totam regionem muneri accepissent, had received as a present, Tac. A. 14, 31: aliquem munere donare, to present one with a gift, Verg. A. 5, 282: dare muneri aliquid alicui, to give one something as a present, Nep. Thras. 4, 2: munera Liberi, i. e. wine, Hor. C. 4, 15, 26: terrae, id. ib. 2, 14, 10: Cereris, bread, Ov. M. 10, 74; cf.: gratae post munus aristae, Juv. 14, 183: quem munere palpat Carus, i. e. a bribe, id. 1, 35.—
   2    In partic.
   a A public show, spectacle, entertainment, exhibition, esp. a show of gladiators, which was given to the people by the magistrates, and generally by the ædiles, as an expression of gratitude for the honorable office to which they had been elected (cf.: ludus, spectaculum): erat munus Scipionis, dignum et eo ipso et illo Q. Metello, cui dabatur, Cic. Sest. 58, 124: munus magnificum dare, id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6: praebere, id. Sull. 19, 54: functus est aedilicio maximo munere, i. e. gave a splendid exhibition, id. Off. 2, 16, 55: edere, Suet. Tit. 7: venationes, quae vocantur munera, Lact. 6, 20: munera nunc edunt, Juv. 3, 36; 4, 18.—
   b A public building for the use of the people, erected at the expense of an individual: Pompeii munera, the theatre, Vell. 2, 130, 1: aut ubi muneribus nati sua munera mater Addidit (i. e. theatro Marcelli porticum Octaviam), Ov. A. A. 1, 69.—
   c Transf., of the structure of the universe: effector vel moderator tanti operis et muneris, Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

mūnŭs⁶ (arch. mœnus Lucr. 1, 29 ), ĕris, n.,
1 office, fonction : quemadmodum oculus conturbatus non est probe adfectus ad suum munus fungendum... sic conturbatus animus non est aptus ad exsequendum munus suum Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, de même qu’un œil malade n’est pas bien disposé pour s’acquitter de ses fonctions..., de même une âme malade [troublée par la passion] n’est pas propre à remplir sa fonction ; geometriæ munus tueri Cic. Tusc. 5, 113, remplir les fonctions de professeur de géométrie ; interpretum munere fungi Cic. Fin. 1, 6, remplir le rôle de traducteur ; munere virtutis fungi Cic. Tusc. 1, 109, s’acquitter de la tâche d’homme vertueux ; functus est omni civium munere Cic. Br. 63, il a rempli toutes les charges du citoyen ; in omni munere vitæ Cic. Fin. 1, 11, dans toutes les tâches de l’existence ; munus efficere Cic. Rep. 1, 70, remplir une mission || principum munus est resistere... Cic. Mil. 22, le rôle des premiers citoyens est de tenir tête... ; justitiæ primum munus est, ut ne cui quis noceat nisi lacessitus injuria Cic. Off. 1, 20, le premier devoir qu’impose la justice, c’est de ne faire aucun mal à autrui à moins d’être provoqué par une injustice
2 obligation, charge : cum hoc munus imponebatur tam grave civitati Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, quand cette obligation si lourde était imposée à la cité, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 52 ; munere vacare Liv. 25, 7, 4, être exempté d’une tâche ; munera militiæ Liv. 27, 9, 9, les tâches du service militaire
3 tâche accomplie, produit, œuvre : Cic. Par. 5 ; Off. 3, 4 ; effector tanti operis et muneris Cic. Tusc. 1, 70, réalisateur d’un si grand travail, d’une si grande tâche
4 service rendu : verbis non auget munus suum Cic. Off. 2, 70, il ne grossit pas ses bons offices en paroles || suprema munera Virg. En. 11, 25, les derniers devoirs ; inani munere fungi Virg. En. 6, 885, s’acquitter d’un stérile devoir ; cineri hæc mittite nostro munera Virg. En. 4, 624, remplissez ce devoir à l’égard de mes cendres
5 don, présent, faveur : deorum aliquo dono atque munere commendati nobis (poetæ) Cic. Arch. 18, (les poètes) confiés à nous en qq. sorte par un don, par une faveur des dieux ; munera mittere alicui Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 62, envoyer des présents à qqn ; muneri mittere aliquid alicui Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, envoyer qqch. en présent à qqn ; dare muneri aliquid alicui Nep. Thras. 4, 2, donner qqch. en présent à qqn
6 spectacle public, [surtout] combats de gladiateurs : magnificum munus dare Cic. Q. 3, 8, 6, donner des jeux grandioses [præbere Cic. Sulla 54 ] ; munus Scipionis Cic. Sest. 124, les jeux donnés par Scipion ; gladiatorum munera Cic. Off. 2, 55, les combats de gladiateurs.

Latin > German (Georges)

mūnus, eris, n. (archaist. moenus, eris, n., Plur. moenera bei Lucr. 1, 29), die Leistung, I) die Leistung als in irgend einem Wirkungskreise zu lösende Aufgabe, Verrichtung, Obliegenheit, Dienst, Amt, Bestimmung, a) übh., oft verb. magnum onus atque munus, munus pensumque, munus atque officium, officium munusque, Cic.: officii aut omnino vitae munus, Cic.: munus geometriae tueri, die Aufgabe eines Lehrers der Geometrie vollkommen lösen, Cic.: munere interpretum fungi, Cic.: servorum munere fungi, Nep. (vgl. possunt aliquando oculi non fungi suo munere, Cic.): munus fungi suum, Plaut.: octo munus hominum facile fungi, Plant.: omnia exsequi regis officia et munera, Cic.: bestia suum tenens munus, seine Bestimmung treu bewahrend, Cic. – munus alcis est, es ist jmds. Aufgabe, Bestimmung u. dgl., tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes, Cic.: m. folg. Infin., munus principum est resistere levitati multitudinis, Cic.: huius libri munus est philosophiam quoque ostendere, Lact.: mit folg. ut u. Konj., cuius (culturae) hoc munus est, ut efficiat, ut vitis quam optime se habeat, Cic. – b) die Leistung eines Staatsbürgers (vgl. functus omni civium munere = ἰσοτελής, Cic. Brut. 63), α) Dienst, Posten, Amt, Verwaltung, munera civilia, Cic. u. ICt.: iudicandi munus, Richteramt, Vell.: explere susceptum rei publicae munus, Cic.: ministri muneris provincialis, Cic.: functus est aedilicio maximo munere, machte als Ädil sehr großen Aufwand, Cic.: consulare munus sustinere, Cic.: quantum vacabit a publico officio et munere, Cic. – dah. Plur. munera rei publicae oft = politischer Wirkungskreis, orbati rei publicae muneribus, pristinis muneribus, Cic.: requiescens a rei publicae pulcherrimis muneribus, Cic.: honoribus et rei publicae muneribus perfunctus senex, Cic. – β) sonstige bürgerl. Leistung, Last, bes. Abgabe, ostendit munus illud (den Rubrius ins Quartier nehmen) suum non esse, Cic.: frumenti et tributorum exactionem aequalitate munerum mollire, Tac.: alci munus remittere, Cic.: omni munere solvi, Tac. Vgl. Gronov Iustin. 5, 2, 9. – c) die Leistung eines Soldaten, die Verrichtung, Arbeit, der Dienst, Posten, belli munera inter se partiri, von zwei Feldherren, Liv.: militare munus fungi, Nep.: munera militaria, munera vigiliarum obire, Liv.: munus equitis facere, Gell.: stationis munus relinquere, ICt.: munere vacare, dienstfrei sein, Liv.
II) die Leistung als Akt der Gefälligkeit, eine Gefälligkeit, A) die Gefälligkeit = der Liebesdienst, die Gunstbezeigung, Gnade, 1) im allg.: munera ditium dominorum, Sall. fr.: infinita munera, Planc. in Cic. ep.: neque vero (tenuis, der Arme) verbis auget suum munus, si quo forte fungitur, seinen etwaigen Gegendienst, Cic.: me fatebor muneris esse tui, ein Werk deiner Gnade, Ov.: ebenso sui muneris rem publicam facere, Tac.; u. occuparent ipsi suum munus facere, Liv. – dah. (poet.) munere alcis rei (wie in Prosa beneficio alcis rei), mit Hilfe, vermittelst einer Sache, zB. lanae, Verg.: sortis, Ov. – 2) insbes., der letzte Liebesdienst gegen einen Toten (Tränen, Wehklagen, Leichengeschenke, bes. Bestattung der Gebeine usw.), munera suprema, Verg.: inani fungi munere, Verg.: inania morti munera dant lacrimas, Ov.
B) die Gefälligkeit = das Geschenk mit einem bestimmten Zweck, als Gabe der Gnade, Liebe od. des Herkommens (während donum jede Gabe), die Spende, 1) im allg.: m. nuptiale, Liv. u. ICt.: m. natalicium, Val. Max.: munus locuples, Nep., dives, Ov.: dare (alci) munus, munera, Catull., Cic., Liv. u.a.: dare munus in exsequias, Tibull.: alci munus mittere, Cic.: alci alqd muneri mittere, Nep.: alqm munere donare, Verg. u. Suet.: alqd od. alqm (servum) alci muneri dare, Nep. u. Suet.: afficere alqm magnis muneribus, jmdm. gr. G. zufließen lassen, Nep. (vgl. unten no. 2, b, α): alqd alci muneri offere, Suet.: alqd muneri accipere, Suet. – velut dei munus, Iustin.: munera Bacchi od. Liberi, v. Wein, Verg. u. Hor.: munera terrae, v. Ackerfrüchten, Hor.: munera Cereris, v. Brot, Ov. – übtr., opusculum, maiorum vigiliarum munus, eine Spende, Frucht meiner größeren nächtlichen Anstrengungen, Cic.: so auch nullum opus otii, nullum solitudinis munus, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) Opfergabe, Opfer, α) für die Götter, munus divae perficere, Verg.: munera ferre templis, Verg. – β) für die Toten, Leichengeschenk, Leichenspende, Totenopfer, munera praeferentes, Suet.: cineri haec mittite nostro munera, Verg.: alqm postremo donare munere mortis, Catull. Vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 4, 623 sqq. p. 415. – b) Spende der Magistrate an das Volk, u. zwar: α) Schauspiele u. andere öffentliche Belustigungen, Festspiel, popularia munera, Cic.: monumenta, munera, triumphi, Cic.: venationes, quae vocantur munera, Lact. – übtr., hoc munus aedilitatis meae populo Romano amplissimum pulcherrimumque polliceor, v. der Anklage gegen Verres, Cic.: ad quae si es, ut debes, paratus, plurimis maximisque muneribus et nos amicos et cives tuos universos afficies, so ist das das umfassendste u. schönste Fest, das du nicht allein uns, deinen Freunden, sondern auch deinen Mitbürgern allen bereiten kannst, Cic. – insbes., αα) ein Gladiatoren-, Fechterspiel, vollst. m. gladiatorium, Cic. u.a., u. vorzugsw. bl. munus, Cic. u.a., wie m. gl. u. bl. m. edere, Liv. u.a.: gl. m. dare, Liv.: m. magnificum dare, Cic.: magnificentissimum aedilitatis munus edere, Vell.: m. praebere, v. den Gladiatoren selbst, Cic. – ββ) Wasserkünste, Frontin. aqu. § 3; § 23; § 78 sqq. – β) ein öffentliches, für das Volk erbautes Gebäude, Pompeii munera (Theater), Vell.: ubi muneribus nati sua munera mater addidit, dem Theater des Marcellus einen Portikus (porticus Octavia gen.), Ov. – u. dav. viell. übtr. vom Weltgebäude, etwa Schaugebäude, Cic.: architectus tanti operis tantique muneris, Cic.; vgl. Klotz Cic. Tusc. 1, 70. – / Archaist. Dat. Sing. munere, Lucil. 166: Abl. moenere, Varro LL. 5, 141.

Translations

gift

Afrikaans: geskenk, present, kado; Albanian: dhuratë; Arabic: هَدِيَّة‎; Egyptian Arabic: هدية‎, كادو‎; Aragonese: regalo; Armenian: նվեր, ընծա; Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܘܗܲܒ݂ܬܵܐ‎, ܕܲܫܢܵܐ‎, ܦܲܫܟܲܫ‎; Asturian: regalu; Avar: сайигъат; Azerbaijani: hədiyyə; Bashkir: бүләк, күстәнәс; Belarusian: падарунак, дар, гасці́нец, прэзент; Bengali: উপহার; Breton: prof; Bulgarian: подарък, дар; Burmese: ပဏ္ဏာ; Catalan: present, do, regal; Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⵡⴻⵔⴹⵉ; Chechen: совгӏат; Cherokee: ᎠᏓᏁᏗ; Chichewa: mphatso; Chinese Cantonese: 禮物, 礼物; Dungan: лищин, ли; Hakka: 禮物, 礼物; Mandarin: 禮物, 礼物; Min Dong: 禮物, 礼物; Min Nan: 禮物, 礼物; Wu: 禮物, 礼物; Chuvash: парне, кучченеҫ; Crimean Tatar: tokuz; Czech: dar, dárek; Danish: gave; Dhivehi: ހަދިޔާ‎; Dutch: gift, geschenk, presentje, cadeau; Esperanto: donaco; Estonian: and, kingitus; Faliscan: datu; Faroese: gáva; Finnish: lahja; French: présent, cadeau, don; Galician: regalo, agasallo, presente; Georgian: საჩუქარი, ძღვენი, ნაბოძები; German: Geschenk, Präsent, Spende, Gabe; Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌼𐍃, 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍆𐍄𐍃, 𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂; Greek: δώρο, δωρεά, χάρισμα; Ancient Greek: ἄγαλμα, ἀκτή, ἀποστολή, ἀρραβών, δεξίαμα, δεξίωμα, δόμα, δονάτιβον, δόσις, δωνατίουον, δωρεά, δώρημα, δῶρον, δωροφορία, δώς, δωτίνη, ἕδνον, ἐκεχείριος, ἐκέχειρον, ἐξαλλαγή, προσφορά; Gujarati: ભેટ, બક્ષિશ; Hawaiian: makana; Hebrew: מַתָּנָה‎, שַׁי‎; Hindi: उपहार, देन, बख़्शिश, सौग़ात, भेंट; Hungarian: ajándék; Icelandic: gjöf; Ido: donacajo; Indonesian: hadiah, kado; Ingush: совгӏат; Interlingua: dono; Irish: bronntanas, tabhartas, féirín; Italian: regalo, dono, presente; Japanese: 贈り物, 贈答品, プレゼント, ギフト, 進物, 礼物; Javanese: hadiah; Kannada: ಕೊಡುಗೆ; Kazakh: сый, сыйлық; Khmer: ជំនូន, អំណោយ; Korean: 선물(膳物), 프레젠트, 기프트; Kurdish Central Kurdish: دیاری‎; Northern Kurdish: diyarî, hediye; Kyrgyz: сыйлык, белек; Ladin: bonaman; Lao: ຂວັນ, ຂອງຂວັນ, ຂອງຕ້ອນ, ເຄື່ອງຕ້ອນ, ຂອງຝາກ, ກຳນັນ; Latgalian: duovona; Latin: donum, munus, xenium; Latvian: dāvana; Lezgi: багъиш; Ligurian: regalu, cadò; Lithuanian: dovana; Luxembourgish: Geschenk, Cadeau, Kaddo, Don, Spend; Macedonian: подарок, дар; Malay: hadiah; Malayalam: സമ്മാനം; Maltese: rigal; Manx: gioot, tortys, nastey; Maore Comorian: zawadi; Maori: koha, kōpare, perehana; Marathi: भेटवस्तू; Marsian: dunom; Mongolian Cyrillic: бэлэг; Ngazidja Comorian: ɓambu, hiɗaya; Norman: persent, présent; Norwegian Bokmål: gave, presang; Nynorsk: gåve, presang; Occitan: present, don; Old English: ġiefu; Old Norse: gipt, gáfa, gjǫf; Old Swedish: gava; Oriya: ଦାନ; Ossetian: лӕвар; Pashto: ارمغان‎, بخشش‎, تارتوک‎, تحفه‎, هديه‎, پېشکش‎; Persian: هدیه‎, پیشکش‎, کادو‎; Plautdietsch: Gow, Jeschenkj; Polish: prezent, dar, podarunek, podarek; Portuguese: presente, prenda; Punjabi: ਉਪਹਾਰ, ਤੋਹਫ਼ਾ; Romanian: cadou, dar; Romansch: regal; Russian: подарок, дар, презент, гостинец; Sanskrit: मघ, उपहार, दान, दुवस्; Scottish Gaelic: tiodhlac; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: по̀клон, да̑р; Roman: pòklon, dȃr; Sicilian: rigalu, rijalu, prisenti; Sinhalese: තෑග්ග; Slovak: dar, darček; Slovene: darilo; Sotho: mpho; Spanish: regalo, obsequio; Swahili: zawadi, kipawa; Swedish: present, gåva, skänk; Tagalog: regalo, bigay, pasalubong; Tajik: ҳадя, тӯҳфа, пешкаш, бахшиш; Tamil: பரிசு; Tatar: бүләк; Telugu: కానుక, బహుమతి; Thai: ของขวัญ, ของกำนัล, ของฝาก, กำนัล; Tibetan: རྔན་པ, ལག་རྟགས; Tocharian B: āyor; Tswana: mpho; Turkish: hediye, armağan; Turkmen: peşeş, zehin, sylag; Udmurt: кузьым; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎉𐎃, 𐎜𐎌𐎐; Ukrainian: подарунок, дарунок, дар, ралець, презент, гостинець; Urdu: تُحْفَہ‎, سَوْغات‎, ہَدِیَہ‎, بَخْشِش‎, عَطِیَّہ‎; Uyghur: سوۋغات‎, سوۋغا‎, تارتۇق‎, ھەدىيىلىك‎; Uzbek: sovg'a, tuhfa; Vestinian: duno; Vietnamese: quà, quà tặng, quà biếu; Volapük: legivot; Walloon: bistoke, cado, prezint; Welsh: anrheg; West Frisian: jefte; Wolof: yóobal; Xhosa: isipho; Yakut: бэлэх; Yiddish: גאָב‎, מתּנה‎, געשאַנק‎; Yoruba: ẹ̀bùn; Yup'ik: cikirun; Zazaki: hediye, peskes; Zulu: isipho, isiphiwo, umkhungo