vacuus

Latin > English

vacuus vacua, vacuum ADJ :: empty, vacant, unoccupied; devoid of, free of

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

văcŭus: a, um, adj. vaco,
I empty, void, free, clear, devoid of, without something (freq. and class.; cf. inanis.)
I In gen.
   A Lit., in material sense.
   (a)    Absol.: spatium vacuum, Lucr. 1, 523; cf. id. 1, 394; 1, 509: vacua castra, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna, Verg. A. 6, 269: atria, id. ib. 7, 379; 2, 528: porticus, id. ib. 2, 761: videntur Aëra per vacuum ferri, id. G. 3, 109: Acerrae, unpeopled, id. ib. 2, 225: Cumae, Juv. 3, 2: Ulubrae, id. 10, 102: agri, Verg. G. 2, 54: aurae, id. A. 12, 592: caelum, id. ib. 5, 515: oppida, Auct. B. Afr. 9: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere, Liv. 39, 14, 2: aër, Hor. C. 1, 3, 34: theatrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 130: aula, id. C. 4, 14, 36: tabellae, Quint. 10, 3, 32: numerus peditum in vicem prolapsorum equitum vacuos capientium ad pugnam equos, Liv. 44, 26, 3: lectus, Prop. 2, 2, 1: Ov. M. 11, 471: per vacuum locum inruperunt, Liv. 25, 3, 18: manus, Quint. 11, 2, 42: ossa vacuis exsucta medullis, Juv. 8, 90: si vacuo ventre mulier fuit, not pregnant (opp. plenus), Dig. 29, 2, 84: vultus, without eyes, Sen. Oedip. 1012.—
   (b)    With abl.: nihil igni vacuum videri potest, Cic. Univ. 4: gladium vaginā vacuum in urbe non vidimus, id. Marcell. 6, 17: moenia defensoribus, Liv. 42, 63, 6: viae occursu hominum, id. 5, 41, 5: cultoribus agri, Ov. M. 7, 653: ense ebur, id. ib. 4, 148: arvum arboribus, Col. 3, 11, 3: loca fetu in vite, id. 3, 10, 5: pectus velamine, Stat. Th. 1, 593.—
   (g)    With ab and abl.: Messana ab his rebus...vacua ac nuda est, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, § 3: oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus, without, Caes. B. G. 2, 12: pars Galliae ab exercitu, Hirt. B. G. 8, 46: vacuum ab hostibus mare, Liv. 37, 13, 6.—
   (d)    With gen. (rare; mostly poet.): ager aridus et frugum vacuus, Sall. J. 90, 1: Romana urbs annonae, Mamert. Grat. Act. ad Julian. 14.—
   b Subst.: vă-cŭum, i, n., an empty space, an open or vacant place, a void, vacuity: vacuum minus intus habere, Lucr. 1, 367: in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami, Verg. G. 2, 287: ne per vacuum incurreret hostis, Hor. S. 2, 1, 37: libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21.—
   B Transf., free from, clear, devoid of, without.
   (a)    With abl.: animus per somnum sensibus et curis vacuus, Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27: molestiis, id. Fam. 4, 4, 2: cupiditate et timore, id. Fin. 2, 10, 30: consilium periculo, id. Att. 10, 16, 2: cum vacui curis etiam quid in caelo fiat scire avemus, id. Fin. 2, 14, 46: vacui negotiis vivere possimus, id. ib. 4, 5, 12: his rebus mens vacua, id. Tusc. 3, 4, 9: vacuus duellis Janus, Hor. C. 4, 15, 8: crimine nox vacua est, Ov. F. 4, 581: ille metu vacuus, id. M. 3, 582: nullum tempus sterile et vacuum beneficio, Plin. Pan. 56, 2: aemulatione, Tac. A. 12, 2: curā domesticā vacuus, id. H. 1, 88: tali culpā, id. A. 6, 16: tributo, id. ib. 12, 61: vacuam laboribus egi vitam, Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 9.—
   (b)    With ab and abl.: Mamertini soli vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestiā, munere, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23: a securibus et tributis, Tac. A. 12, 34; 12, 61: hora nulla vacua a furto, a scelere, crudelitate, flagitio reperietur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34: nullus dies ab exercitationibus oratoriis, id. Brut. 90, 309: animus a talibus factis vacuus et integer, id. Inv. 2, 7, 24: cum ab omni molestiā vacuus esses, id. Fam. 11, 16, 1: domus a suspitione religionis vacua atque pura, id. Har. Resp. 6, 11: ab odio, amicitiā, irā atque misericordiā, Sall. C. 51, 1: a culpa, id. ib. 14, 4: censores vacui ab operum locandorun; curā, Liv. 24, 18, 1.—
   (g)    With gen.: vacuas caedis habete manus, Ov. A. A. 1, 642: operum vacuus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 119: vacuas habuissem criminis umbras, Ov. M. 6, 541: composuit ad Caesarem litteras, quasi confecto bello verbis magnificas, rerum vacuas, Tac. A. 15, 8.—
   (d)    With dat. of that for which room or a vacancy exists or is made: Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor, prope continuatis funeribus cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur, Liv. 1, 46, 9: necato filio vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse, Sall. C. 15, 2: quanto molimine circumspectemus vacuam Romanis vatibus aedem (Apollinis), Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94.—Subst.: văcŭum, i, n., leisure: aliquid invenire vacui, Quint. 10, 6, 1.—
II In partic. (cf. vaco, II.).
   A Free from labor or occupation, without business, at leisure, clear, disengaged, unoccupied, idle: quoniam vacui sumus, dicam, Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13: si es animo vacuo, expone nobis quod quaerimus ... hunc elegimus diem, cum te sciremus esse vacuum, id. Brut. 5, 20: animus vacuus ac solutus, id. Verr. 1, 9, 26: aures vacuae atque eruditae, Quint. 10, 1, 32: aures, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Ov. M. 4, 41; 12, 56: pedibus vacuis terere Porticum, id. A. A. 1, 491: si quid vacui sub umbrā Lusimus, Hor. C. 1, 32, 1: cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes, Verg. G. 3, 3: ne vacuum esse me nunc ad narrandum credas, Ter. And. 4, 2, 23: ut animum vacuum ad res difficiles scribendas afferam, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3: cum per tot menses vacuā civitate nemo controversiam fecerit, Liv. 3, 40, 10.—Sup.: nec rursus jubeo, dum sit vacuissima quaeras, Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.—Poet., transf., of places in which to lounge or enjoy leisure, quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, etc.: Tibur, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45: Athenae, id. ib. 2, 2, 81: tonsoris in umbrā, id. ib. 1, 7, 50 (cf.: otiosa Neapolis, id. Epod. 5, 43).—Rarely of persons, free from care, calm, composed: Rutilius animo vacuus, i. e. careless, without apprehension, Sall. J. 52, 6: haud animi vacuus, quiet, Stat. Th. 5, 644: cantamus vacui, sive quid urimur, Hor. C. 1, 6, 19; so of one free from love, id. ib. 1, 5, 10.—Of female animals, not bearing young: equa, Col. 6, 37, 10.—Impers.: vacuum est, with inf., there is leisure, time, Sall. H. 1, 10; Tac. H. 2, 28.—
   B Of time, free, vacant, disengaged, leisure: etiam si spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 56: cum vacui temporis nihil haberem, id. Att. 2, 23, 1: vacuam noctem operi dedere, Liv. 3, 28, 7: tempora, Col. 12, 4, 1; cf. Luc. 3, 26.—
   C Of women, free, unmarried, single: ubi mulier vacua fuit, Tac. A. 13, 44: vacuis indicere nuptias, Pseudo - Quint. Decl. 376: Hersilia, i. e. widowed, Ov. M. 14, 831.—
   D Of possessions, free, vacant, without an occupant or master: vacuam possessionem regni sperans, Caes. B. C. 3, 112: prudentiae doctrinaeque possessio ... quasi caduca atque vacua, Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 122: centuria, id. Tull. § 17: sese praedia vacua filio traditurum, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 26: vacuam rempublicam tradere Hannibali, Liv. 23, 2, 7: ut impetus fiat in vacuam rempublicam, Sall. C. 52, 23: sacerdotia ut vacua contulit in alios, Tac. A. 6, 40; cf.: Syriam provinciam vacuam tum morte Atilii Rufi, id. Agr. 40: vacua Armenia, without a ruler, id. A. 12, 50: bona, Dig. 38, 9, 1, § 12: possessio, ib. 41, 3, 4, § 22; Gai Inst. 4, 131.— Subst.: văcŭum, i, n.: si quis casus puerum egerit Orco, In vacuum venias, into the vacant property, Hor. S. 2, 5, 50: ut in vacuum lege praeditoriā venalis pependerit, Suet. Claud. 9; cf. Quint. 12, 9, 8.—
   E Without value, worthless, useless, empty, vain, unprofitable, = vanus (rare; not anteAug.): si respublica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt, Tac. H. 1, 30: rem, Petr. 102: vacua et inanis productio verbi, Gell. 11, 15, 6: tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, her empty head, Hor. C. 1, 18, 15: pecunia, unused, unproductive, Dig. 19, 5, 24; cf. ib. 16, 3, 28.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

văcŭus,⁸ a, um,
1 vide, inoccupé : vacua castra Cæs. G. 7, 45, camp vide ; subst. n., vacuum, le vide : Lucr. 1, 367 ; per vacuum Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 21, dans une région inoccupée || [avec abl.] : nihil igni vacuum Cic. Tim. 13, rien que n’occupe le feu ; mœnia vacua defensoribus Liv. 42, 63, 6, murs sans défenseurs || [avec ab ] : oppidum vacuum ab defensoribus Cæs. G. 2, 12, ville sans défenseurs, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3 ; Liv. 37, 17, 6 || [avec gén.] ager frugum vacuus Sall. J. 90, 1, champ sans moissons ; litteræ rerum vacuæ Tac. Ann. 15, 8, lettre vide (dépourvue de faits)
2 libre : a) sans maître, vacant : vacua possessio regni Cæs. C. 3, 112, possession du royaume vacante, trône vacant, cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 122 ; Amer. 26 ; Tull. 17 ; in vacuum venire Hor. S. 2, 5, 50, ou pl. n. in vacua Cic. Off. 1, 21, venir dans un bien sans propriétaire ; b) [en parl. d’une femme] libre, qui n’a pas de mari, ou veuve : Tac. Ann. 13, 44 ; Ov. M. 14, 831
3 [fig.] libre de, débarrassé de, sans : a) [avec abl.] curis vacuus Cic. Div. 2, 27, sans soucis, cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 30 ; 4, 12 ; Tusc. 3, 9, etc. ; b) [avec ab ] : nulla hora vacua a furto Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, pas une heure qui n’ait son vol, qui soit sans un vol, cf. Cic. Br. 309 ; Inv. 2, 24 ; ab omni molestia vacuus Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1, libre de toute inquiétude ; [cf. omni tributo vacui Tac. Ann. 12, 61, et vacui a tributis Tac. Ann. 12, 34, exempts de tout tribut, de tribut] c) [avec gén.] Hor. S. 2, 2, 119 ; Ov. M. 6, 541
4 libre de toute occupation, libre, inoccupé, de loisir : quoniam vacui sumus Cic. Leg. 1, 13, puisque nous sommes de loisir, cf. Cic. Br. 20 ; aures vacuæ atque eruditæ Quint. 10, 1, 32, des oreilles d’hommes de loisir et de connaisseurs || vacui dies, vacuum tempus Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 56 ; Att. 2, 23, 1, jours libres, moments de loisir, cf. Liv. 3, 28, 7 || [poét.] vacuum Tibur Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 45, Tibur paisible, cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 81
5 libre de préoccupation : animus vacuus et solutus Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 26, l’esprit libre et dégagé, à l’aise, cf. Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3 ; animo vacuus Sall. J. 52, 6, sans préoccupation, ou animi vacuus Stat. Th. 5, 644 ; [en part.] le cœur libre, sans amour : Hor. O. 1, 5, 10 ; 1, 6, 19 || vacuum est avec inf., on a le loisir de, on est libre de : Sall. H. 1, 10 ; Tac. H. 2, 38
6 libre = ouvert, accessible : [sans défenseurs] impetus fit in vacuam rempublicam Sall. C. 52, 23, on se rue sur la république abandonnée, cf. Liv. 23, 2, 7 ; vacuum mare Tac. H. 2, 14, mer libre (non gardée), cf. 3, 2 ; 3, 47 || vacuæ aures Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 26, oreilles disposées à écouter || vacua Romanis vatibus sedes Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 94, le temple ouvert aux poètes romains
7 vide = sans réalité, vain, sans valeur : vacua nomina Tac. H. 1, 30, des noms vides, de vains noms, cf. Gell. 11, 15, 6 || vaniteux : Hor. O. 1, 18, 15. vacuissimus Ov. P. 3, 1, 141.

Latin > German (Georges)

vacuus, a, um, leer, ledig, entblößt, frei, ohne etw., I) eig.: A) im allg.: a) adi.: α) absol.: v. loca (Plätze im Theater), Cic.: v. tabeilae, Quint.: domus Ditis vacuae (öde) et inania regna (das Reich der Schatten), Verg.: vacuae (ausgeräumte) domus et inania (ausgeplünderte) templa, Tac.: u. theatrum, Hor.: aula, Hor.: vacua castra hostium, Caes.: aër, Verg. u. Hor.: aliquam partem aedium vacuam facere (räumen), quo Hispala immigraret, Liv.: prope continuatis funeribus domos vacuas novo matrimonio facere, Liv. (vgl. vacuefacio). – β) m. Abl.: nihil igni vacuum, Cic.: arvum arboribus v., Colum.: vites v. fructu, Colum.: v. moenia defensoribus, Liv.: v. agri cultoribus, Ov.: vacua dentibus ora, Tac.: locus hominibus plenus, amicis vacuus, Sen. – γ) m. ab u. Abl.: Messana ab his rebus... vacua ac nuda est, Cic.: v. oppidum ab defensoribus, Caes.: mare v. ab hostibus, Liv.: telum a spiculis vacuum, Cels. – δ) m. Genet.: ager aridus et frugum vacuus, Sall.: Romana urbs v. annonae, Claud. Mam.: iam animae vacuus, entseelt, Apul. – b) subst., vacuum, ī, n., der leere Raum, die Leere, vacuum minus intus habere, Lucr.: per vacuum incurrere, Hor., od. irrumpere, Liv.: in vacuum se extendere (v. Ästen), Verg.: libera per vacuum ponere vestigia, Hor.: taurorum cornua iactantur in vacuum, die (zornigen) Stiere bohren mit den Hörnern in die Luft, Sen.
B) insbes.: 1) frei, erledigt, unbesetzt, herrenlos, erblos, prudentiae doctrinaeque possessio... quasi caduca et v., Cic.: v. centuria, Cic.: praeda, Cic.: possessio regni, Caes.: Armenia, Tac.: sacerdotia ut vacua, Tac.: Syria... vacua iam morte Atilii Rufi consularis, Tac.: ne bona hereditaria vacua sine domino iacērent, erblos, ICt. – venire in vacuum u. in vacua, in das erledigte Besitztum, Hor. u. Cic.: ut in vacuum venalis pependerit Claudius, daß Kl. (das Besitztum des Kl.) als herrenlos öffentlich feilgeboten wurde, Suet. – 2) v. weibl. Tieren, ledig = nicht trächtig, equa, Colum. 6, 37, 10. – 3) v. Frauenspersonen, frei, ledig, ohne Mann, ohne Geliebten, Hersilia (als Witwe), Ov. met. 14, 831: ubi mulier vacua fuit, Tac. ann. 13, 44. – subst., vacuae, die Ledigen, elige de vacuis, quam non sibi vindicet alter, Ov. her. 19 (20), 149: vacuis indicere nuptias, non occupatis, Ps. Quint. decl. 176.
II) übtr.: A) im allg., von etwas frei, einer Sache ledig, ohne etw., etw. entbehrend, von etw. fern, sich fern haltend, a) mit Abl.: animus sensibus et curis v., Cic.: v. molestiis, Cic.: cupiditate et gloriā, Cic.: tali culpā, Ter. – b) m. ab u. Abl.: animus a talibus factis v. et integer, Cic.: v. a culpa, Sall. – v. der Zeit, hora nulla v. a furto, a scelere etc., Cic.: nullus dies v. ab exercitationibus oratoriis, Cic. – c) mit Genet.: v. operum, Hor.: v. criminis, Or.: v. caedis manus, Ov.
B) insbes.: 1) von Leistungen frei, befreit, a) mit Abl.: omni tributo, Tac. – b) m. ab u. Abl.: ab omni sumptu, Cic.: a tributis, Tac. – 2) von einer körperl. oder geistigen Tätigkeit usw. frei, uneingenommen, a) von Arbeit frei, unbeschäftigt, müßig, α) v. Pers. usw.: quoniam vacui sumus, dicam, Cic.: cum te sciremus esse vacuum, Cic.: si es animo vacuo, expone nobis etc., Cic.: vacui pace Punicā Romani, unbeschäftigt (durch Kriege), Liv.: aures vacuae atque eruditae, die Ohren Gebildeter, die Muße haben, Quint.: v. mentes, Verg.: princeps adhuc vacuus, für niemand eingenommen, Tac.: vacui arriperent occupatos, Tac.: nullum vacuum (müßig) tractum esse remum, Cic.: Superl., nec rursus iubeo, dum sit (domus Augusti) vacuissima, quaeras, bis es völliger Muße genieße, Ov. ex Pont. 3, 1, 141. – poet. übtr., von Orten der Muße, Tibur, Hor.: Athenae, Hor. – β) v. der Zeit, vacua nox operi, frei, ungestört für usw., Liv. 3, 28, 7: cum vacui temporis nihil haberem, Cic. ad Att. 2, 23, 1: etiamsi spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus, tamen etc., Cic. I. Verr. 56: vacua tempora iam contingunt ad ea exsequenda, quae etc., Colum. 12, 4 in. – b) von Kummer, von Liebe frei, sorglos, unbefangen, animus v., v. ac solutus, Cic.: vacuus animo, Sall., u. animi, Stat., frei, ruhig im Gemüt: cantamus vacui, frei (von Liebe), Hor.: u. so v. pectus, Hor. – 3) frei von Hindernissen, alqd vacuum est, man hat in etwas freie Hand, antea vacuum id et solutum poenā (und straflos), Tac. ann. 14, 28. – ebenso vacuum est m. folg. Infin., man hat freie Hand, freien Spielraum, Sall. hist. fr. 1, 10 (11). Tac. hist. 2, 38. – 4) v. Örtl.: a) frei = offenstehend, zugänglich, weit, porticus, Verg.: ut vacuo patuerunt aequore campi, Verg.: vacuae aedes Romanis vatibus, Hor.: aures vacuae, offen und aufmerksam zuhörende, Lucr., Hor. u.a. (s. Obbar. Hor. ep. 1, 16, 26. – b) schutzlos, von Schutz entblößt, mare, Tac.: Illyricum mare, Tac. – übtr., res publica, Sall. u. Liv. Vgl. Heräus Tac. hist. 2, 14, 6. – 5) leer = wertlos, überflüssig, unnütz, eitel, vergeblich, si res publica et senatus et populus vacua nomina sunt, Tac.: res vacua, Petron.: vacua et inanis productio verbi, Gell.: tollens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, das eitle Haupt, Hor. – / In der Vulgärspr. vocuus, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 1527. col. 2, 33.