circa

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

circā: a later access. form for circum; not freq. before the Aug. per., esp. in Livy and Quintilian [acc. to Klotz, circa = circum ea; cf: antea, interea, postea, praeterea, etc.].
I Adv.
   A ( = circum, I. B.) Around, round about, all around, in the environs or neighborhood: gramen erat circa, Ov. M. 3, 411: ripaeque lacusque Responsant circa, Verg. A. 12, 757: at circa gravibus pensis affixa puella... remittat opus, Tib. 1, 3, 87: circaque quā tumor est, Cels. 5, 28, 3; 5, 28, 4: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat, Liv. 27, 18, 5; 28, 33, 2: circa Padus amnis, id. 21, 43, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.: caligo, quam circa umidi effuderant montes, Curt. 4, 12, 20: alibi quam Romao circaque, Plin. 26, 1, 1, § 1; Quint. 12, prooem. § 2; Tac. A. 2, 11.—
   B Circa esse, to be in the region around, in the neighborhood: ex montibus qui circa sunt, Liv. 1, 4, 6: Tarquinium moribundum cum qui circa erant excepissent, id. 1, 41, 1: sed non passi sunt ii, qui circa erant, Nep. Eum. 10, 4: eversa est turris quodque circa muri erat, Liv. 34, 29, 6: Corinthus et quae circa est regio, Plin. 24, 9, 42, § 69; Quint. 10, 7, 16. —Also freq. without esse, in connection with a subst.: multarum circa civitatum irritatis animis, the towns lying around, Liv. 1, 17, 4; 9, 2, 1; 27, 30, 3; 29, 29, 2; 42, 64, 2: angulus muri erat in planiorem patentioremque quam cetera circa vallem vergens ( = cetera loca quae circa erant), id. 21, 7, 5: corpora multa virūm circa, Verg. A. 7, 535; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 124.—
   C Strengthened: undique circa and circa omnis ( = circum), round about, all around: frumento undique circa ex agris convecto. Liv. 42, 56, 8; 23, 19, 8; nam et circa omnia defecerunt, id. 9, 23, 10: cum tam procul Romani unica spes, circa omnia hostium essent, id. 21, 11, 12; cf. id. 9, 2, 7 Drak.: exhausto circa omni agro, id. 31, 38, 1; 24, 3, 3; Val. Fl. 8, 2; Flor. 1, 18, 12 Duker; Quint. 9, 2, 45.—
II Prep. with acc.
   A In space.
   1    ( = circum, II. B.) Prop., in the region which surrounds, about, around, on the sides of: quam (Hennam) circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi atque laetissimi flores omni tempore anni, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107: noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in quā quiescebat, Nep. Alcib. 10, 4: circa flumina et lacus frequens nebula est, Sen. Q. N. 5, 3, 1: circa equum Alexandri, Curt. 4, 15, 26: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat, Hor. C. 1, 3, 10; id. S. 2, 6, 34: quem circa tigres jacent, Ov. M. 3, 668.—
   2    ( = circum, II. C.) Into... around, to... round about, etc. (first in Livy): Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit, Liv. 1, 9, 2: legatis circa duodecim populos missis, id. 4, 23, 5; 28, 26, 11: circa domos ire, id. 26, 13, 1; 25, 9, 2; 39, 18, 2; 29, 22, 3: circa civitates missi legati, id. 21, 49, 7 Weissenb.; 31, 3, 5; Plin. 7, 37, 37, § 123; Suet. Aug. 49; id. Ner. 28: litteris circa praefectos dimissis, Liv. 42, 51, 1: custodes circa omnes portas missi, id. 28, 26, 11; 26, 13, 1.—
   3    ( = circum, II. D.) With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the region of, near to, near by: Capuam et urbis circa Capuam occupare, Cic. Agr. 1, 7, 22: circa Liternum posuit castra, in the neighborhood of, Liv. 23, 35, 6: tabernae erant circa forum, Quint. 6, 3, 38: circa Armeniae montes, Curt. 5, 1, 13: Acesinen amnem, Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23: domum auream, Suet. Ner. 38: sacrificantem, id. Claud. 36.—
   b As a less definite designation of place for in: Orestis liberi sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam, Vell. 1, 2, 5: circa Mesopotamiam subsistere, Curt. 4, 9, 1: quod circa Syriam nascitur, Plin. 19, 3, 16, § 46; Quint. prooem. § 20: initia statim primi libri, id. 1, 5, 44; cf. finem, id. 4, 3, 5: virentes campos, Hor. C. 2, 5, 5: cum amor saeviet circa jecur, id. ib. 1, 25, 15 (cf. Petr. 17, 8: dolor saevit in praecordiis). So esp. freq. in medic. lang.: circa faciem, nares, aures, labra, Cels. 5, 28, 2; 5, 2, 8.—So in Livy, with names of places, approaching the more general use of later writers,
v. infra, C.: quadriduum circa rupem consumptum, Liv. 21, 37, 3: compositis circa Opuntem rebus, id. 28, 7, 9: iisdem diebus circa Chalcidem Thoas... eandem fortunam habuit, id. 35, 37, 5 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.: multos circa unam rem ambitus fecerim, id. 27, 27, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.—
   4    ( = circum, II. E.) In respect to persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, adherents, etc.), around, about: multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus (sarcast. for indagatoribus) suis, quos circa se haberet, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126: ex iis trecentos juvenes inermes circa se habebat, Liv. 29, 1, 2: omnes, Suet. Aug. 48; id. Calig. 43: circa regem erat et Phrygum turba, Curt. 3, 1, 17: e spadonibus, qui circa reginam erant, id. 4, 10, 25: omne sed officium circa te semper obibat turba tui sexūs, Mart. 1, 91, 3: quod omnes circa te similes tui effecisti, Plin. Pan. 83, 3.—In the language of the imperial court: circa latus alicujus agere, to wait on, altend, Dig. 27, 1, 30.—Hence also without a verb: circa aliquem, = οἱ περί τινα, the attendants, companions of a person: omnibus vero circa eum gratuito aut levi fenore obstrictis, Suet. Caes. 27; id. Dom. 9; cf. Liv. 21, 49, 7 Drak.—
   B (Peculiar to the form circa). In time, designating nearness, proximity to a definite point of time, about (first in Livy; cf. circiter): postero die circa eandem horam in eundem locum rex copias admovit, Liv. 42, 57, 10: circa eum mensem, Plin. 9, 18, 33, § 69: lucis ortum, Curt. 5, 3, 7: lucem, Suet. Oth. 11: mediam noctem, id. Claud. 2: vernum aequinoctium, Col. 5, 6, 19: Kalendas et Idus Octobr., id. 5, 10, 8, 5, 10, 12; 5, 12, 2 al.; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 4; Pall. 2, 4; 2, 7 al.—With definite numbers: septimum diem, Cels. 2, 6: undecimam horam, Suet. Caes. 88: lustra decem, Hor. C. 4, 1, 6; Scrib. 227.—With general designations of time: tempora illa, Quint. 11, 3, 143: tempora Peloponnesia, id. 12, 10, 4: Murenae Cepionisque conjurationis tempus, Vell. 2, 93, 1: Magni Pompeii aetatem, Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156: mortem, id. 11, 37, 73, § 189: initia imperii, Suet. Claud. 7.—And in the designation of periods of time by persons who belonged to them (cf. ante): circa Demetrium Phalerea, about the time of Demetrius Phalereus, Quint. 2, 4, 41 Spald.: Tisiam et Coraca, id. 2, 17, 7: Philippum, id. 12, 10, 6: Ciceronem, Sen. Contr. 1 praef.: Attium, Vell. 1, 17, 1.—
   2    In numerical designations, about, nearly, almost (first in Livy for the usual ad or circiter): ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta, Liv. 45, 34, 6: quingentos Romanorum, id. 27, 42, 8: decem milia Persarum, Curt. 4, 6, 30: sestertium vicies, Suet. Claud. 6: quartum milliarium, id. Ner. 48: selibram, Cels. 4, 19: singulas heminas, id. 7, 15.—
   C (Also peculiar to the form circa, and only in post-Aug. prose; esp. freq. in Quint., occurring more than seventy times.) Trop. for the designation of an object about which, as if it were a centre, any thing moves, is done, etc., around, about, in, in respect to, etc.; depending upon substt., adjj., or verbs.
   1    Upon substantives: circa eosdem sensus certamen atque aemulatio, Quint. 10, 5, 5: circa S litteram deliciae, id. 1, 11, 6: verba dissensio, id. 3, 11, 5: memoriam suam vanitas atque jactatio, id. 11, 2, 22: hoc opiniones, id. 2, 15, 1; Plin 8, 16, 19, § 48: quem pugna est, Quint. 8, 6, 1; 7, 1, 15: voces inani studio, id. 8, prooem § 18 et saep: rura sermo, Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 5: classicum brevis et expeditus labor, Plin. Ep 3, 9, 13: hospitia nullum fastidium, id. Pan. 20, 3: publica circa bonas artes socordia, Tac. A. 11, 15: principem novo exemplo, i. e. in principe, Suet. Claud. 14.—
   2    Upon adjectives: non circa plurium artium species praestantem, sed in omnibus eminentissimum, Quint. 12, 10, 12: jus nostrum attentior, id. 4, 5, 21: studia mentis erectae, id. 1, 3, 10: lites raras ridiculi, id. 7, 1, 43: praecepta utiles sententiae, id. 10, 1, 52; 6, 1, 42 al.: corporis curam morosior, Suet. Caes. 45: victum indifferens, id. ib. 53: deos ac religiones neglegentior, id. Tib. 69: administrationem imperii vacuus, id. Dom. 3 al.: summa scelera distentum, Tac. A. 16, 8 fin.: adfectationem Germanicae originis ultro ambitiosi, id. G. 28: excessus otiosus, id. Or. 22: se animati, Just. 14, 1, 3 al. —
   3    Upon verbs facetum quoque non tantum circa ridicula opinor consistere, Quint. 6, 3, 19: hoc disputatum est, id. 1, 5, 34: priores erratur, id. 2, 5, 26: formas litterarum haerere, id. 1, 1, 21, cf. id. 5, 10, 114; Suet. Aug. 71. res tenues morari, Quint 1, 1, 35: consilium elegendi successoris in duas factiones scindebantur, Tac. H. 1, 13: Medeam, Thyestem (tragoedias) tempus consumas, id. Or. 3: successorem omnia ordinari, Suet. Claud. 45: ceremonias, item circa omnium ordinum statum quaedam correxit, id. ib. 22.!*? Circa very rarely follows its case: quem circa, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 107; Ov. A. A. 2, 577; id. .3, 668; cf. circum, II. fin.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

circā,⁷
    I adv.,
1 autour, tout autour à l’entour : campus ante montibus circa sæptus erat Liv. 28, 33, 2, la plaine en avant était fermée tout autour par des montagnes ; montes qui circa sunt Liv. 1, 4, 6, montagnes qui sont voisines (à l’entour) || aliquot circa urbes Liv. 10, 34, 13, plusieurs villes des environs ; urbes circa subigit Liv. 30, 9, 2, il soumet les villes voisines ; omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant Liv. 5, 37, 8, tout, en face et à l’entour, était plein d’ennemis
2 = utrubique : duabus circa portis Liv. 23, 16, 8, aux deux portes de part et d’autre ; binæ circa eminebant falces Liv. 37, 41, 7, des deux côtés sortaient deux faux ; quattuor legionum aquilæ per frontem, totidem circa Tac. H. 2, 89, les aigles de quatre légions sur le front, autant sur les côtés.
    II prép. avec acc.
1 autour de : circa urbem Liv. 7, 38, 7, autour de la ville ; quam circa lacus lucique sunt plurimi Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 107, autour d’elle [ville d’Henna il y a un très grand nombre de lacs et de bois sacrés ; (canes) quos iste dixerat esse circa se multos Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 133, (des chiens) qu’il avait en grand nombre, disait-il, dans son entourage ; circa se habens duos filios Liv. 42, 52, 5, ayant ses deux fils à ses côtés || dans le voisinage de : circa montem Amanum Cæs. C. 3, 31, 1, dans les parages du mont Amanus || [fig.] à propos de, par rapport a, à l’égard de, au sujet de, [époque impériale] : omne tempus circa Thyestem consumere Tac. D. 3, consacrer tout son temps à Thyeste [tragédie]; circa eosdem sensus certamen Quint. 10, 5, 5, lutte (émulation) touchant les mêmes idées ; circa verba dissensio Quint. 3, 11, 5, dissentiment sur des mots ; publica circa bonas artes socordia Tac. Ann. 11, 15, indifférence publique pour les connaissances utiles || vers : circa initia primi libri Quint. 1, 5, 44, vers le (au) commencement du premier livre ; circa finem Quint. 4, 3, 5, vers la fin
2 à la ronde, de tous côtés, d’un endroit à un autre successivement : multis circa finitimos populos legationibus missis Liv. 4, 12, 9, de nombreuses ambassades ayant été envoyées à tous les peuples voisins à la ronde ; circa domos ire Liv. 26, 13, 1, parcourir les maisons à la ronde ; litteras circa præfectos dimittere Liv. 42, 51, 1, envoyer un message à tous les commandants de garnisons ; litteris circa Latium missis Liv. 8, 11, 10, des lettres étant envoyées dans tout le Latium (de tous côtés dans le Latium)
3 [sens temporel] : aux environs de, vers : circa eamdem horam Liv. 42, 57, 10, vers la même heure ; circa lucis ortum Curt. 5, 3, 7, vers le lever du jour ; circa lucem Sen. Nat. 5, 8, 2, vers le point du jour || circa captas Carthaginem et Corinthum Plin. 14, 45, vers l’époque de la prise de Carthage et de Corinthe ; circa Demetrium Phalerea Quint. 2, 4, 41, à peu près du temps de Démétrius de Phalère
4 [avec noms de n.] environ : oppida circa septuaginta Liv. 45, 34, 6, places fortes au nombre de soixante-dix environ ; circa quingentos Romanorum sociorumque victores ceciderunt Liv. 27, 42, 8, parmi les Romains et les alliés, environ cinq cents tombèrent victorieux.

Latin > German (Georges)

(2) circā², zsgz. aus circum ea (vgl. antea, postea u. dgl.), eine jüngere, erst seit der august. Periode bes. b. Liv. u. Quint. häufige Nebenf. zu circum, I) Adv. rings, umher, in der Umgegend, auf der einen oder der andern Seite, auf od. zu beiden Seiten, gramen erat circa, Ov.: cum circa Paladium implessent, Liv.: fluvius ab tergo; ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram eius omnem cingebat, Liv.: quattuor legionum aquilae per frontem totidemque circa e legionibus aliis vexilla, Tac.; vgl. Müller Liv. 1, 4, 6. Fabri Liv. 21, 43, 4. – Dah.: a) circa esse, in der Gegend-, Umgegend-, in der Nähe sein, qui c. sunt, Liv.: quod c. muri erat, Liv. – Auch häufig ohne esse attrib. mit Subst. verb., multarum c. civitatum irritatis animis, der umliegenden Städte, Liv.: canum circa mare, Plin. ep.; vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 7, 5. – b) circa undique od. undique circa u. circa omnia od. omnia circa, um und um, alles umher,Liv. – II) Praepos. m. Acc.: A) im Raume 1) (nicht einen ganzen Umkreis, sondern nur einen Teil, den unser Blick umfaßt od. der uns zur Seite, nahe liegt, bezeichnend) um, zu den Seiten von, c. casam, Nep.: c. flumina et lacus, Sen.: quem c. tigres iacent, Ov. – 2) = bei... umher, zu...umher, legatos c. vicinas gentes misit, Liv.: litteris c. praefectos dimissis, Liv. – 3) auf od. in... umher (s. Weißenb. Liv. 31, 3, 5), c. Lesbum insulam, Vell.: c. multiplices Piraei portus, Vell.: c. omnes non continentis modo urbes, sed etiam insulas, Liv.: circa faciem, circa nares, c. aures, c. labra, Cels. – mit vorherrschendem Begriff des Nachbarlichen = in der Gegend von, in der Nähe von, nahe bei, c. forum, Quint.: c. Liternum, c. Caudium, Liv.; vgl. Fabri Liv. 23, 35, 5. – 4) bei Personen, die jmd. (als Begleiter, Freunde, Anhänger usw.) umgeben, um, quos c. se haberet, Cic. – dah. auch ohne Verbum, c. alqm (= οἱ περί τινα), omnes c. eum, Suet. – B) übtr.: 1) in der Zeit, die Nähe bei einem bestimmten Zeitpunkte bezeichnend = um, gegen, c. eandem horam, Liv.: c. lucem, Suet.: c. septimum diem, Cels.: c. tempora illa, Quint.: c. quod tempus, Vell.: postea c. pubertatem, Cels.: c. Demetrium Phalerea, um die Zeit des D., Quint. – 2) bei Zahlenbestimmungen, ungefähr, gegen, an die (für das gew. circiter; vgl. Duker Flor. 1, 10, 5. Schwarz Plin. pan. 95, 1. Burm. Ps. Quint. decl. 1, 17. p. 37), ea fuere oppida circa septuaginta, Liv.: c. quingentos Romanorum, Liv.: panis c. libram, Cels.: c. singulas heminas, Cels. – 3) zur Bezeichnung des Gegenstandes, um den gleichs. als Mittelpunkt sich eine Handlung bewegt = um, gegen, in, in Beziehung auf, in Ansehung, in betreff, bei, abhängig von Substst., wie c. bonas artes publica socordia, Tac.: von Adjj., wie c. ius nostrum attentior, Quint.: u. von Verben, wie multa c. voces easdem variare, Quint.: c. hoc disputatum est, Quint.: m. Acc. Gerundivi, dum circa apprehendendum eum a multitudine contenditur, Flor. 3, 19, 12; u. so Plin. pan. 95, 1. Fronto ad Anton. P. 8. p. 169, 18 N. Val. Prob. de litt. sing. fr. § 1 in: u. m. Acc. Gerundii, plus eloquentia c. movendum valet, Quint. 4, 5, 6. – / Dem Pronom. relat. nachgesetzt, quam circa, Cic. Verr. 4, 107: quem circa, Ov. met. 3, 668: dem ersten von zwei Nom., Verg. georg. 3, 146.