certus: Difference between revisions
Ἐπηγγείλατο εἰς ἐπανόρθωσιν τῆς πόλεως διὰ τὸ εἶναι ευσεβεστάτη καὶ κηδεμονικὴ. → She pledged herself to the reconstruction of the city because of her being most pious and dutiful.
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|lshtext=<b>certus</b>: a, um orig. P. a. from [[cerno]]; [[hence]], adj.,<br /><b>I</b> [[determined]], resolved, [[fixed]], [[settled]], purposed: non [[dubius]].<br /><b>I</b> (Acc. to [[cerno]], II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is [[determined]], it is my ([[thy]], his, etc.) [[decision]], [[resolution]], [[will]], I am resolved, I [[mean]], etc. ([[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].; [[most]] freq. in Plaut.); [[with]] inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.): certum'st hominem eludere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109: [[tibi]] credere, id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere [[arbitror]], omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31: certum [[atque]] [[decretum]] est non [[dare]] [[signum]], Liv. 2, 45, 13: certum est igni circumdare muros, Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi [[with]] inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., [[with]] [[expression]] of [[purpose]] by a fut. tense: certum est, malam rem [[potius]] quaeram cum lucro, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15: certum est, jam dicam patri, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15: certum est, ibo ad medicum, id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est [[tibi]]? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st [[tibi]] [[istuc]]? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74; so [[further]] [[with]] [[istuc]], id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30: mihi [[autem]] abjurare certius est [[quam]] dependere, Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3: ad eum senem oppugnare certum est [[consilium]], Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60: quae [[nunc]] sunt certa ei consilia, etc., Ter. And. 2, 3, 16: certa res hanc est objurgare, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—<br /> <b>b</b> (From the [[time]] of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the [[person]] [[who]] is [[determined]] [[upon]] [[something]], [[determined]], resolved, [[bent]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> With inf.: certa mori, Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475: decrevitque mori): certi non cedere, Ov. M. 9, 43: certa sequi, Val. Fl. 5, 47.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1; A. and S. § 213, R. 1): [[certus]] eundi, Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440: desciscendi, Tac. H. 4, 14: relinquendae vitae, id. A. 4, 34: necis, Sil. 6, 27: fugae, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12: destinationis, Tac. A. 12, 32: sceleris, id. ib. 12, 66: consilii, id. H. 2, 46.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With an: nec sat certa an cederet armis, Sil. 9, 480.—<br /><b>II</b> An epithet of all those objects whose [[existence]] or [[reality]] is [[fixed]], [[determined]] ([[hence]] in [[connection]] [[with]] [[definitus]], Quint. 7, 10, 7; [[with]] praefinitus, Suet. Galb. 14), or in [[respect]] to [[which]] [[there]] can be no [[doubt]] ([[hence]] opp. [[dubius]], Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).<br /> <b>A</b> Object.<br /> <b>1</b> Of things whose [[external]] qualities, [[number]], etc., are [[invariable]], established, [[settled]], [[fixed]], [[particular]], specified, etc. ([[class]].): Arboribus [[primum]] certis [[gravis]] [[umbra]] tributa, Lucr. 6, 783: [[fruges]], bacae, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat, id. Cat. 3, 7, 16: [[concilium]] in diem certam indicere, Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.; so [[with]] [[dies]], a [[fixed]] [[term]], [[Cato]], R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.: certis diebus, Verg. G. 2, 329: quaerere ab judicibus [[cur]] in certa verba jurent, [[cur]] [[certo]] tempore conveniant, [[certo]] discedant, Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41: certum praefinitumque [[tempus]], id. Galb. 14; and: certum statumque [[vectigal]], id. Calig. 40: [[pecunia]] (opp. arbitraria), v. [[arbitrarius]]: [[finis]] aerumnarum, Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56: [[locus]], Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6: [[numerus]], id. ib. 7, 75: [[signum]], [[fixed]], agreed [[upon]], id. B. C. 1, 27: naves, [[fixed]] in [[number]] and [[quality]], id. ib. 1, 56: pecuniae imperabantur, id. ib. 3, 32 fin.: [[conviva]], i. e. a [[daily]], [[constant]] [[guest]], Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid: ecquem tu [[illo]] certiorem nebulonem, Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—<br /> <b>b</b> But [[sometimes]] indef., [[like]] [[quidam]], and [[our]] [[certain]], of things, the [[certainty]] of whose [[existence]] is given, [[but]] whose [[nature]] is not [[more]] [[definitely]] designated, or [[comes]] not [[into]] [[consideration]] (cf. [[aliquis]]): Cephaloedi [[mensis]] est [[certus]], quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128: habet certos sui studiosos, id. Brut. 16, 64: (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit, id. Sest. 27, 58: certi homines ad eam rem periti, id. ib. 18, 41: res a certis hominibus corrupta, id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. [[several]] times in [[connection]] [[with]] [[quidam]] and [[aliquis]]: ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati, Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8; 11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos [[pedes]], id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.: in his certos aliquos docebit, id. 2, 8, 13.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop., of things whose [[internal]] [[moral]] qualities are established, [[fixed]], can be relied [[upon]], [[sure]], [[unerring]], to be depended [[upon]], true, [[faithful]], etc. (so [[most]] freq. in all periods and [[species]] of [[composition]]; syn.: [[firmus]], [[confirmatus]], [[exploratus]], [[indubitatus]], [[manifestus]] al.).<br /> <b>a</b> Of persons: [[amicus]] [[certus]] in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.: tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57: certi homines, quibus dem litteras, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156: [[certus]] [[enim]] promisit [[Apollo]], etc., Hor. C. 1, 7, 28: [[auctor]] (mortis), Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5: [[adversus]] hostem nec spe nec [[animo]] certiorem, i. e. firmiorem, Liv. 10, 35, 17: [[apud]] latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. [[Dion]], 9, 2: per litora certos dimittam, Verg. A. 1, 576: certissimus [[auctor]] ([[Phoebus]]), id. G. 1, 432.—<br /> <b>b</b> Of things: [[satis]] [[animo]] [[certo]] et confirmato, Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf. pectora, Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior [[indoles]], Suet. Ner. 10: promissa, Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1: parata dicendi [[copia]] et certa, Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. § 9: jus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.: jactus (telorum), Tac. A. 14, 37; cf. in this [[sense]] certa [[hasta]], Verg. A. 11, 767: [[sagitta]], Hor. C. 1, 12, 23: [[fides]] segetis, id. ib. 3, 16, 30: [[spes]], id. C. S. 74: [[trames]], id. S. 2, 3, 49: lar, id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.: [[plana]] et certa, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1: certa et clara, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., [[with]] gen.: certa maris, Tac. H. 4, 81.—<br /> <b>B</b> Subject., of [[that]] [[which]] is established by [[evidence]], etc., placed [[beyond]] [[doubt]], [[certain]], [[sure]], true, proved, established ([[class]].; esp. freq. in neutr.): cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent, Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29: incerta pro certis malebant, Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.: incerta pro certis mutare, id. J. 83, 1: [[postremo]] certior res, Liv. 29, 6, 12: certiora esse dicunt [[quam]], etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum: hisce oculis [[egomet]] vidi, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31: jam [[satis]] certumst virginem vitiatam esse? id. Enn. 4, 4, 36: cum certius [[tibi]] [[sit]] me esse Romae [[quam]] mihi te Athenis, Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1: id [[parum]] certum est, Liv. 5, 35, 3: cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium, Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, [[with]] interrog.-[[clause]], Liv. 2, 8, 8: nec [[quicquam]] certi respondes mihi? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84: [[neque]] tanto spatio certi [[quid]] esset explorari poterat, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: certum inveniri non potest ne ... an, id. B. C. 1, 25: si [[quicquam]] humanorum certi est, Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror: Certum non scimus, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to [[know]] for a [[certainty]], Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.: certum habere, to [[reckon]] [[certain]], id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.: certum [[respondeo]], Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92: cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro [[certo]] habere, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; [[Matius]] ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23: negare, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5: polliceri, id. Agr. 2, 37, 102: dicere aliquid, id. Brut. 3, 10: ponere, Liv. 23, 6, 8: scire, id. 25, 10, 1: affirmare, id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.: creditur, Sall. C. 15, 2: coeperit esse, Quint. 5, 12, 2: certius cognoscere ex [[aliquo]] de aliquā re, Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.: [[quin]] [[nihil]] invenies [[magis]] hoc [[certo]] certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.: et hoc [[certo]] certius est et saepissime [[constitutum]], Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14: [[certo]] certius, Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to [[give]] [[certainty]] to one [[concerning]] [[any]] [[thing]], [[make]] him [[certain]], Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—<br /> <b>2</b> Transf. to the [[person]] [[who]] is made [[certain]] in [[reference]] to a [[thing]], [[certain]], [[sure]]: certi sumus periisse omnia, Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5: num [[quid]] [[nunc]] es certior? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191: posteritatis, i. e. of [[posthumous]] [[fame]], Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1: sententiae, Quint. 4, 3, 8: judicii, Sen. Ep. 45, 9: [[certus]] de suā geniturā, Suet. Vesp. 25: damnationis, id. Tib. 61: exitii, Tac. A. 1, 27: spei, id. H. 4, 3: matrimonii, id. A. 12, 3: certi sumus, etc., Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In [[class]]. [[prose]] [[mostly]] in the [[phrase]] certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, [[with]] a foll, acc. and inf., [[with]] a rel.-[[clause]] or absol.), to [[inform]], [[apprise]] one of a [[thing]]: me certiorem [[face]], Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69: ut nos facias certiores, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32: uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant, Caes. B. G. 2, 2: qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit, Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2: Caesarem certiorem faciunt, [[sese]] non [[facile]] ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 11: faciam te certiorem [[quid]] egerim, Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. [[only]]: milites certiores facit, [[paulisper]] intermitterent [[proelium]], Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.—Pass.: [[quod]] [[crebro]] certior per me fias de omnibus rebus, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1: [[Caesar]] certior [[factus]] est, [[tres]] jam copiarum partes Helvetios id [[flumen]] transduxisse, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3: [[factus]] certior, quae res gererentur, Caes. B. C. 1, 15: non consulibus certioribus factis, Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in [[posit]]., [[though]] [[rarely]]: fac me certum [[quid]] [[tibi]] est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179: lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae, Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in [[two]] forms.<br /> <b>A</b> certō, [[with]] [[certainty]], [[certainly]], [[surely]], of a [[truth]], in [[fact]], [[really]], [[object]]. and [[subject]]. (cf. [[supra]], II. A. and B.); [[only]] in the [[comic]] poets, and [[sometimes]] ([[most]]. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., [[while]] the adverbial form [[certe]] belongs to all periods and all [[species]] of [[composition]]. The [[difference]] [[between]] [[them]] is, [[perhaps]], [[merely]] historical; [[but]]<br /> v. [[infra]], [[certe]], B. I. 2. init.<br /> <b>1</b> Object.: perii [[certo]], [[haud]] [[arbitrario]], Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106: mihi [[certo]] [[nomen]] [[Sosia]]'st, id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12: [[nihil]] ita exspectare [[quasi]] [[certo]] futurum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the [[passage]] cited under [[certo]], I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[affirm]]. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, [[yes]], [[certainly]], Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—<br /> <b>2</b> Subject.<br /> <b>a</b> In gen. ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[certo]] [[enim]] ego vocem hic loquentis [[modo]] mi audire [[visus]] [[sum]], Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4: ego rus abituram me esse [[certo]] decrevi, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui [[certo]] comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—<br /> <b>b</b> Esp. in the [[formula]] of [[asseveration]], [[certo]] [[scio]], I [[certainly]] [[know]], I am [[fully]] persuaded, [[beyond]] all [[doubt]] ([[class]].): [[certo]] [[edepol]] [[scio]], me vidisse, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19: [[quod]] te [[moleste]] ferre [[certo]] [[scio]], Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16: veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: [[vobis]] plura, [[certo]] [[scio]], Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under [[certe]], I. 2.).—<br /> <b>B</b> certē ([[class]].; cf. [[supra]], [[certo]] init.).<br /><b>I</b> Affirming [[strongly]], [[with]] [[certainty]], [[certainly]], [[undoubtedly]], [[assuredly]], [[surely]], [[really]].<br /> <b>1</b> Object.: [[certe]] [[edepol]], tu me alienabis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243: ego [[quidem]] ab hoc [[certe]] exorabo, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: [[certe]] [[hercle]], id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10: [[quom]] is [[certe]] Renuntiarit, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4: [[certe]] [[captus]] est! id. And. 1, 1, 55: [[certe]] ut videamur cernere eum, Lucr. 4, 760: si [[enim]] scit, [[certe]] illud eveniet: [[sin]] [[certe]] eveniet, nulla [[fortuna]] est, Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5: fuit [[certe]] id aequum et [[certe]] exspectatum est, etc., id. Planc. 16, 38: ea [[certe]] vera sunt, id. Mil. 35, 96: M. Catoni [[certe]] licuit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 1, 1: jam [[illa]] perfugia [[certe]] [[minime]] sunt audienda, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: cum se [[certe]] decessurum videret, id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8: [[certe]] [[hinc]] Romanos [[olim]] [[fore]] ductores [[pollicitus]], Verg. A. 1, 234: o dea [[certe]], a [[goddess]] [[surely]], id. ib. 1, 328: [[postremo]] expellet [[certe]] vivacior [[heres]], Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: placuit [[tibi]], Delphice, [[certe]], Dum, etc., Ov. M. 2, 543 al.— Comp.: speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant, Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3: si reperire vocas amittere certius, Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.—Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—<br /> <b>b</b> In an [[answer]] of [[affirmation]]: estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est [[profecto]], Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in [[confirmation]] of a [[preceding]] [[fact]]: venerat, ut [[opinor]], haec res in judicium. Certe, [[certainly]], [[surely]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—<br /> <b>2</b> Subject., [[mostly]] in the [[phrase]] [[certe]] [[scio]], I [[know]] to a [[certainty]], I am [[sure]] (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, [[certe]] [[scio]] = certum est me scire, I am [[fully]] convinced: [[certo]] [[scio]] = certum est [[quod]] [[scio]], my [[knowledge]] is [[accurate]], etc.): [[certe]] [[edepol]] [[scio]], si aliud [[quicquam]] est [[quod]] credam aut [[certo]] sciam, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115: [[edepol]] [[certo]] [[scio]], id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20: scelestiorem me hac anu [[certe]] [[scio]] Vidisse [[numquam]], id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32: ex litteris [[certe]] scire potuistis, id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29: [[quod]] [[iste]] [[certe]] statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse, id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[affirm]]. answers: Ar. Ain' [[vero]]? Le. Certe, [[inquam]], Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—<br /> <b>c</b> In a subjective [[supposition]] or [[presumption]] [[that]] a [[thing]] is so, [[certainly]], [[surely]], [[assuredly]], [[doubtless]], of [[course]]; Gr. [[ἴσως]]: ah [[nugas]] agis, Certe habes, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: si me tanti facis, quanti [[certe]] facis, Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —<br /> <b>(b)</b> In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—<br /><b>II</b> Affirming [[with]] [[restriction]], [[yet]] [[surely]], [[yet]] [[indeed]], at [[least]], [[notwithstanding]] ([[very]] freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]], esp. [[after]] the [[class]]. per.).<br /> <b>A</b> [[Alone]]: si non ipsā re [[tibi]] [[istuc]] dolet, Simulare [[certe]] est hominis, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16: cingitur, [[certe]] expedit se, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152: ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel [[certe]] timere desistant, Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117: haec... sint falsa [[sane]], invidiosa [[certe]] non sunt, id. Ac. 2, 32, 105: qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet [[certe]], id. Phil. 12, 4, 8: res [[fortasse]] verae, [[certe]] graves, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13: consulatum unum [[certe]] [[plebis]] Romanae esse, id. 22, 34, 11: quos [[quoniam]] caeli [[nondum]] dignamur honore, Quas dedimus [[certe]] terras habitare sinamus, Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.: quo [[quid]] [[sit]] beatius, mihi [[certe]] in mentem venire non potest, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so, ego [[certe]], Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57: [[certe]] ego, Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13: mihi [[certe]], Quint. 10, 3, 23: [[ipse]] [[certe]], id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—<br /> <b>B</b> With [[other]] particles.<br /> <b>1</b> With [[tamen]]: illud [[certe]] [[tamen]], [[quod]] jam amplexi sumus, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—<br /> <b>2</b> With at: [[quod]] ([[consilium]]) si non fuerit [[prudens]], at [[certe]] ab optima [[fide]] proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—<br /> <b>3</b> With sed: non integrā re, sed [[certe]] [[minus]] infractā, [[quam]], etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —<br /> <b>4</b> With [[quidem]]: ubi [[sit]] [[animus]], [[certe]] [[quidem]] in te est, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70: [[quoniam]] volumus [[quidem]] [[certe]] senes fieri, id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50: [[certe]] [[quidem]] vos estis Romani, etc., Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But [[quidem]] does not belong [[with]] [[certe]] in [[such]] passages as the foll.: hic [[quidem]] [[certe]] memorat, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. [[quidem]]; cf. also aut and vel.)> | |lshtext=<b>certus</b>: a, um orig. P. a. from [[cerno]]; [[hence]], adj.,<br /><b>I</b> [[determined]], resolved, [[fixed]], [[settled]], purposed: non [[dubius]].<br /><b>I</b> (Acc. to [[cerno]], II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is [[determined]], it is my ([[thy]], his, etc.) [[decision]], [[resolution]], [[will]], I am resolved, I [[mean]], etc. ([[mostly]] [[ante]]-[[class]].; [[most]] freq. in Plaut.); [[with]] inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.): certum'st hominem eludere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109: [[tibi]] credere, id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere [[arbitror]], omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31: certum [[atque]] [[decretum]] est non [[dare]] [[signum]], Liv. 2, 45, 13: certum est igni circumdare muros, Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi [[with]] inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., [[with]] [[expression]] of [[purpose]] by a fut. tense: certum est, malam rem [[potius]] quaeram cum lucro, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15: certum est, jam dicam patri, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15: certum est, ibo ad medicum, id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est [[tibi]]? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st [[tibi]] [[istuc]]? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74; so [[further]] [[with]] [[istuc]], id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30: mihi [[autem]] abjurare certius est [[quam]] dependere, Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3: ad eum senem oppugnare certum est [[consilium]], Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60: quae [[nunc]] sunt certa ei consilia, etc., Ter. And. 2, 3, 16: certa res hanc est objurgare, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—<br /> <b>b</b> (From the [[time]] of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the [[person]] [[who]] is [[determined]] [[upon]] [[something]], [[determined]], resolved, [[bent]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> With inf.: certa mori, Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475: decrevitque mori): certi non cedere, Ov. M. 9, 43: certa sequi, Val. Fl. 5, 47.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1; A. and S. § 213, R. 1): [[certus]] eundi, Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440: desciscendi, Tac. H. 4, 14: relinquendae vitae, id. A. 4, 34: necis, Sil. 6, 27: fugae, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12: destinationis, Tac. A. 12, 32: sceleris, id. ib. 12, 66: consilii, id. H. 2, 46.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With an: nec sat certa an cederet armis, Sil. 9, 480.—<br /><b>II</b> An epithet of all those objects whose [[existence]] or [[reality]] is [[fixed]], [[determined]] ([[hence]] in [[connection]] [[with]] [[definitus]], Quint. 7, 10, 7; [[with]] praefinitus, Suet. Galb. 14), or in [[respect]] to [[which]] [[there]] can be no [[doubt]] ([[hence]] opp. [[dubius]], Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).<br /> <b>A</b> Object.<br /> <b>1</b> Of things whose [[external]] qualities, [[number]], etc., are [[invariable]], established, [[settled]], [[fixed]], [[particular]], specified, etc. ([[class]].): Arboribus [[primum]] certis [[gravis]] [[umbra]] tributa, Lucr. 6, 783: [[fruges]], bacae, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat, id. Cat. 3, 7, 16: [[concilium]] in diem certam indicere, Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.; so [[with]] [[dies]], a [[fixed]] [[term]], [[Cato]], R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.: certis diebus, Verg. G. 2, 329: quaerere ab judicibus [[cur]] in certa verba jurent, [[cur]] [[certo]] tempore conveniant, [[certo]] discedant, Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41: certum praefinitumque [[tempus]], id. Galb. 14; and: certum statumque [[vectigal]], id. Calig. 40: [[pecunia]] (opp. arbitraria), v. [[arbitrarius]]: [[finis]] aerumnarum, Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56: [[locus]], Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6: [[numerus]], id. ib. 7, 75: [[signum]], [[fixed]], agreed [[upon]], id. B. C. 1, 27: naves, [[fixed]] in [[number]] and [[quality]], id. ib. 1, 56: pecuniae imperabantur, id. ib. 3, 32 fin.: [[conviva]], i. e. a [[daily]], [[constant]] [[guest]], Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid: ecquem tu [[illo]] certiorem nebulonem, Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—<br /> <b>b</b> But [[sometimes]] indef., [[like]] [[quidam]], and [[our]] [[certain]], of things, the [[certainty]] of whose [[existence]] is given, [[but]] whose [[nature]] is not [[more]] [[definitely]] designated, or [[comes]] not [[into]] [[consideration]] (cf. [[aliquis]]): Cephaloedi [[mensis]] est [[certus]], quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128: habet certos sui studiosos, id. Brut. 16, 64: (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit, id. Sest. 27, 58: certi homines ad eam rem periti, id. ib. 18, 41: res a certis hominibus corrupta, id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. [[several]] times in [[connection]] [[with]] [[quidam]] and [[aliquis]]: ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati, Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8; 11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos [[pedes]], id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.: in his certos aliquos docebit, id. 2, 8, 13.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop., of things whose [[internal]] [[moral]] qualities are established, [[fixed]], can be relied [[upon]], [[sure]], [[unerring]], to be depended [[upon]], true, [[faithful]], etc. (so [[most]] freq. in all periods and [[species]] of [[composition]]; syn.: [[firmus]], [[confirmatus]], [[exploratus]], [[indubitatus]], [[manifestus]] al.).<br /> <b>a</b> Of persons: [[amicus]] [[certus]] in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.: tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57: certi homines, quibus dem litteras, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156: [[certus]] [[enim]] promisit [[Apollo]], etc., Hor. C. 1, 7, 28: [[auctor]] (mortis), Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5: [[adversus]] hostem nec spe nec [[animo]] certiorem, i. e. firmiorem, Liv. 10, 35, 17: [[apud]] latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. [[Dion]], 9, 2: per litora certos dimittam, Verg. A. 1, 576: certissimus [[auctor]] ([[Phoebus]]), id. G. 1, 432.—<br /> <b>b</b> Of things: [[satis]] [[animo]] [[certo]] et confirmato, Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf. pectora, Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior [[indoles]], Suet. Ner. 10: promissa, Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1: parata dicendi [[copia]] et certa, Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. § 9: jus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.: jactus (telorum), Tac. A. 14, 37; cf. in this [[sense]] certa [[hasta]], Verg. A. 11, 767: [[sagitta]], Hor. C. 1, 12, 23: [[fides]] segetis, id. ib. 3, 16, 30: [[spes]], id. C. S. 74: [[trames]], id. S. 2, 3, 49: lar, id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.: [[plana]] et certa, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1: certa et clara, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., [[with]] gen.: certa maris, Tac. H. 4, 81.—<br /> <b>B</b> Subject., of [[that]] [[which]] is established by [[evidence]], etc., placed [[beyond]] [[doubt]], [[certain]], [[sure]], true, proved, established ([[class]].; esp. freq. in neutr.): cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent, Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29: incerta pro certis malebant, Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.: incerta pro certis mutare, id. J. 83, 1: [[postremo]] certior res, Liv. 29, 6, 12: certiora esse dicunt [[quam]], etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum: hisce oculis [[egomet]] vidi, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31: jam [[satis]] certumst virginem vitiatam esse? id. Enn. 4, 4, 36: cum certius [[tibi]] [[sit]] me esse Romae [[quam]] mihi te Athenis, Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1: id [[parum]] certum est, Liv. 5, 35, 3: cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium, Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, [[with]] interrog.-[[clause]], Liv. 2, 8, 8: nec [[quicquam]] certi respondes mihi? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84: [[neque]] tanto spatio certi [[quid]] esset explorari poterat, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: certum inveniri non potest ne ... an, id. B. C. 1, 25: si [[quicquam]] humanorum certi est, Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror: Certum non scimus, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to [[know]] for a [[certainty]], Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.: certum habere, to [[reckon]] [[certain]], id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.: certum [[respondeo]], Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92: cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro [[certo]] habere, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; [[Matius]] ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23: negare, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5: polliceri, id. Agr. 2, 37, 102: dicere aliquid, id. Brut. 3, 10: ponere, Liv. 23, 6, 8: scire, id. 25, 10, 1: affirmare, id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.: creditur, Sall. C. 15, 2: coeperit esse, Quint. 5, 12, 2: certius cognoscere ex [[aliquo]] de aliquā re, Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.: [[quin]] [[nihil]] invenies [[magis]] hoc [[certo]] certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.: et hoc [[certo]] certius est et saepissime [[constitutum]], Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14: [[certo]] certius, Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to [[give]] [[certainty]] to one [[concerning]] [[any]] [[thing]], [[make]] him [[certain]], Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—<br /> <b>2</b> Transf. to the [[person]] [[who]] is made [[certain]] in [[reference]] to a [[thing]], [[certain]], [[sure]]: certi sumus periisse omnia, Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5: num [[quid]] [[nunc]] es certior? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191: posteritatis, i. e. of [[posthumous]] [[fame]], Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1: sententiae, Quint. 4, 3, 8: judicii, Sen. Ep. 45, 9: [[certus]] de suā geniturā, Suet. Vesp. 25: damnationis, id. Tib. 61: exitii, Tac. A. 1, 27: spei, id. H. 4, 3: matrimonii, id. A. 12, 3: certi sumus, etc., Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In [[class]]. [[prose]] [[mostly]] in the [[phrase]] certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, [[with]] a foll, acc. and inf., [[with]] a rel.-[[clause]] or absol.), to [[inform]], [[apprise]] one of a [[thing]]: me certiorem [[face]], Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69: ut nos facias certiores, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32: uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant, Caes. B. G. 2, 2: qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit, Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2: Caesarem certiorem faciunt, [[sese]] non [[facile]] ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 11: faciam te certiorem [[quid]] egerim, Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. [[only]]: milites certiores facit, [[paulisper]] intermitterent [[proelium]], Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.—Pass.: [[quod]] [[crebro]] certior per me fias de omnibus rebus, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1: [[Caesar]] certior [[factus]] est, [[tres]] jam copiarum partes Helvetios id [[flumen]] transduxisse, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3: [[factus]] certior, quae res gererentur, Caes. B. C. 1, 15: non consulibus certioribus factis, Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in [[posit]]., [[though]] [[rarely]]: fac me certum [[quid]] [[tibi]] est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179: lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae, Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in [[two]] forms.<br /> <b>A</b> certō, [[with]] [[certainty]], [[certainly]], [[surely]], of a [[truth]], in [[fact]], [[really]], [[object]]. and [[subject]]. (cf. [[supra]], II. A. and B.); [[only]] in the [[comic]] poets, and [[sometimes]] ([[most]]. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., [[while]] the adverbial form [[certe]] belongs to all periods and all [[species]] of [[composition]]. The [[difference]] [[between]] [[them]] is, [[perhaps]], [[merely]] historical; [[but]]<br /> v. [[infra]], [[certe]], B. I. 2. init.<br /> <b>1</b> Object.: perii [[certo]], [[haud]] [[arbitrario]], Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106: mihi [[certo]] [[nomen]] [[Sosia]]'st, id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12: [[nihil]] ita exspectare [[quasi]] [[certo]] futurum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the [[passage]] cited under [[certo]], I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[affirm]]. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, [[yes]], [[certainly]], Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—<br /> <b>2</b> Subject.<br /> <b>a</b> In gen. ([[very]] [[rare]]): [[certo]] [[enim]] ego vocem hic loquentis [[modo]] mi audire [[visus]] [[sum]], Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4: ego rus abituram me esse [[certo]] decrevi, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui [[certo]] comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—<br /> <b>b</b> Esp. in the [[formula]] of [[asseveration]], [[certo]] [[scio]], I [[certainly]] [[know]], I am [[fully]] persuaded, [[beyond]] all [[doubt]] ([[class]].): [[certo]] [[edepol]] [[scio]], me vidisse, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19: [[quod]] te [[moleste]] ferre [[certo]] [[scio]], Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16: veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: [[vobis]] plura, [[certo]] [[scio]], Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under [[certe]], I. 2.).—<br /> <b>B</b> certē ([[class]].; cf. [[supra]], [[certo]] init.).<br /><b>I</b> Affirming [[strongly]], [[with]] [[certainty]], [[certainly]], [[undoubtedly]], [[assuredly]], [[surely]], [[really]].<br /> <b>1</b> Object.: [[certe]] [[edepol]], tu me alienabis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243: ego [[quidem]] ab hoc [[certe]] exorabo, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: [[certe]] [[hercle]], id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10: [[quom]] is [[certe]] Renuntiarit, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4: [[certe]] [[captus]] est! id. And. 1, 1, 55: [[certe]] ut videamur cernere eum, Lucr. 4, 760: si [[enim]] scit, [[certe]] illud eveniet: [[sin]] [[certe]] eveniet, nulla [[fortuna]] est, Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5: fuit [[certe]] id aequum et [[certe]] exspectatum est, etc., id. Planc. 16, 38: ea [[certe]] vera sunt, id. Mil. 35, 96: M. Catoni [[certe]] licuit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 1, 1: jam [[illa]] perfugia [[certe]] [[minime]] sunt audienda, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: cum se [[certe]] decessurum videret, id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8: [[certe]] [[hinc]] Romanos [[olim]] [[fore]] ductores [[pollicitus]], Verg. A. 1, 234: o dea [[certe]], a [[goddess]] [[surely]], id. ib. 1, 328: [[postremo]] expellet [[certe]] vivacior [[heres]], Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: placuit [[tibi]], Delphice, [[certe]], Dum, etc., Ov. M. 2, 543 al.— Comp.: speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant, Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3: si reperire vocas amittere certius, Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.—Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—<br /> <b>b</b> In an [[answer]] of [[affirmation]]: estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est [[profecto]], Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in [[confirmation]] of a [[preceding]] [[fact]]: venerat, ut [[opinor]], haec res in judicium. Certe, [[certainly]], [[surely]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—<br /> <b>2</b> Subject., [[mostly]] in the [[phrase]] [[certe]] [[scio]], I [[know]] to a [[certainty]], I am [[sure]] (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, [[certe]] [[scio]] = certum est me scire, I am [[fully]] convinced: [[certo]] [[scio]] = certum est [[quod]] [[scio]], my [[knowledge]] is [[accurate]], etc.): [[certe]] [[edepol]] [[scio]], si aliud [[quicquam]] est [[quod]] credam aut [[certo]] sciam, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115: [[edepol]] [[certo]] [[scio]], id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20: scelestiorem me hac anu [[certe]] [[scio]] Vidisse [[numquam]], id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32: ex litteris [[certe]] scire potuistis, id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29: [[quod]] [[iste]] [[certe]] statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse, id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[affirm]]. answers: Ar. Ain' [[vero]]? Le. Certe, [[inquam]], Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—<br /> <b>c</b> In a subjective [[supposition]] or [[presumption]] [[that]] a [[thing]] is so, [[certainly]], [[surely]], [[assuredly]], [[doubtless]], of [[course]]; Gr. [[ἴσως]]: ah [[nugas]] agis, Certe habes, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: si me tanti facis, quanti [[certe]] facis, Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —<br /> <b>(b)</b> In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—<br /><b>II</b> Affirming [[with]] [[restriction]], [[yet]] [[surely]], [[yet]] [[indeed]], at [[least]], [[notwithstanding]] ([[very]] freq. in [[prose]] and [[poetry]], esp. [[after]] the [[class]]. per.).<br /> <b>A</b> [[Alone]]: si non ipsā re [[tibi]] [[istuc]] dolet, Simulare [[certe]] est hominis, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16: cingitur, [[certe]] expedit se, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152: ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel [[certe]] timere desistant, Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117: haec... sint falsa [[sane]], invidiosa [[certe]] non sunt, id. Ac. 2, 32, 105: qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet [[certe]], id. Phil. 12, 4, 8: res [[fortasse]] verae, [[certe]] graves, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13: consulatum unum [[certe]] [[plebis]] Romanae esse, id. 22, 34, 11: quos [[quoniam]] caeli [[nondum]] dignamur honore, Quas dedimus [[certe]] terras habitare sinamus, Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.: quo [[quid]] [[sit]] beatius, mihi [[certe]] in mentem venire non potest, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so, ego [[certe]], Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57: [[certe]] ego, Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13: mihi [[certe]], Quint. 10, 3, 23: [[ipse]] [[certe]], id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—<br /> <b>B</b> With [[other]] particles.<br /> <b>1</b> With [[tamen]]: illud [[certe]] [[tamen]], [[quod]] jam amplexi sumus, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—<br /> <b>2</b> With at: [[quod]] ([[consilium]]) si non fuerit [[prudens]], at [[certe]] ab optima [[fide]] proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—<br /> <b>3</b> With sed: non integrā re, sed [[certe]] [[minus]] infractā, [[quam]], etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —<br /> <b>4</b> With [[quidem]]: ubi [[sit]] [[animus]], [[certe]] [[quidem]] in te est, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70: [[quoniam]] volumus [[quidem]] [[certe]] senes fieri, id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50: [[certe]] [[quidem]] vos estis Romani, etc., Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But [[quidem]] does not belong [[with]] [[certe]] in [[such]] passages as the foll.: hic [[quidem]] [[certe]] memorat, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. [[quidem]]; cf. also aut and vel.)> | ||
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{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>certus</b>,⁶ a, um ([[cerno]]),<br /><b>1</b> [en parl. de choses] décidé, résolu : certumnest [[tibi]] [[istuc]] ? --- [[non]] [[moriri]] certius Pl. Capt. 732, [[est]]-ce là une chose bien arrêtée dans ton esprit ? --- aussi arrêtée que notre mort un jour ; [[hoc]] [[mihi]] certissimum [[est]] Pl. Merc. 658, j’y [[suis]] tout à fait décidé ; [[quando]] id certum [[atque]] obstinatum [[est]] Liv. 2, 15, 5, puisque c’[[est]] une résolution arrêtée et inébranlable || certa [[res]] [[est]] avec inf., c’[[est]] une chose décidée que de : Pl. Amph. 705 ; Merc. 857 ; Mil. 267, etc. ; opponere... certa [[est]] [[sententia]] Turno Virg. En. 10, 240, [[Turnus]] [[est]] décidé à opposer... || certum [[est]] avec prop. inf. : me parcere certumst Enn. Ann. 200, je [[suis]] résolu à épargner... ( Pl. St. 141 ; Men. 1058 ; Ter. Hec. 454 ) || certum [[est]] avec inf., même sens : Pl. Amph. 265 ; Cas. 294 ; Rud. 684, etc. ; certum [[est]] deliberatumque dicere Cic. Amer. 31, c’[[est]] [pour moi] une décision prise et arrêtée que de [[dire]] || [avec dat. de pers.] : [[mihi]] certum [[est]], je [[suis]] bien décidé à : Pl. Capt. 772 ; Ps. 90 ; Cic. Verr. 2, pr. 53 ; [[mihi]] abjurare certius [[est]] [[quam]] Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3, je [[suis]] [[plus]] résolu à faire un [[faux]] serment qu’à...; cum diceret [[sibi]] certum [[esse]]... discedere Cic. de Or. 2, 144, alors qu’il se disait résolu à quitter...; cum [[illi]] certissimum sit exspoliare [[provincia]] Pompeium Cic. Att. 10, 1, 3, du moment qu’il [[est]] parfaitement résolu à dépouiller Pompée de sa province (Att. 7, 9, 3 ) || [en parl. de pers., avec inf.] : certa mori Virg. En. 4, 564, décidée à mourir ( Ov. M. 10, 428 ; 10, 394, etc. ); [[certus]] [[procul]] urbe degere Tac. Ann. 4, 57, décidé à vivre loin de la ville || [avec gén.] : [[certus]] eundi Virg. En. 4, 554, décidé à aller ( Ov. M. 11, 440 ; Tac. H. 4, 14 ); relinquendæ vitæ Tac. Ann. 4, 34, résolu à mourir ; destinationis Tac. Ann. 12, 32, [[ferme]] dans sa résolution ; sceleris certa Tac. Ann. 12, 61, décidée au crime ( Plin. Min. Ep. 6, 16, 12 )<br /><b>2</b> fixé, déterminé, précis : ex [[certo]] tempore Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 108, à partir d’une date fixée ; [[certo]] [[die]] Cic. Cat. 1, 7, à un jour fixé ; [[pecunia]] certa Cic. Com. 10, somme déterminée ; [[certus]] [[terminus]] Cic. CM 72, limite [[fixe]], précise ; certa [[dies]], date déterminée (= terme, délai) : Cæs. C. 1, 30, 4, etc. ; sunt pueritiæ studia certa, sunt ineuntis adulescentiæ Cic. CM 76, il y a des goûts déterminés dans l’enfance, il y en a dans le début de la jeunesse || [n. pris subst<sup>t</sup>] : [[certo]] anni Tac. H. 5, 6, à une époque [[fixe]] de l’année ; linguæ [[tam]] certa loquentes Ov. M. 5, 296, des langues qui s’expriment si nettement ; [[nihil]] certi Cic. Or. 180, [[rien]] de [[fixe]], de précis || [[est]] certum [[quod]] respondeam Cic. Arch. 15, j’ai une réponse précise à faire (v. Gaffiot, 1906, p. 194), ma réponse [[sera]] nette || [sens analogue à [[quidam]] ] déterminé, à part, particulier : ad certam causam tempusque Cic. de Or. 1, 69, pour une certaine cause particulière, pour une occasion déterminée (de Or. 1, 141, etc.); [[motus]] [[non]] [[quivis]], [[sed]] [[certus]] [[quidam]] Cic. Fin. 3, 24, un mouvement [[non]] pas quelconque, mais de nature particulière ; singularum virtutum sunt certa quædam officia Cic. de Or. 2, 345, chaque vertu a des devoirs qui lui sont propres ; certi homines, certains hommes (bien connus, mais qu’on ne veut pas désigner [[plus]] explicitement) : Cic. Sest. 41 ; Marc. 16 ; Agr. 2, 6 ; Fl. 94, etc.; Liv. 34, 61, 7<br /><b>3</b> certain, sûr : [[certus]] [[amicus]] Cic. Tull. 5, [[ami]] sûr ; [[homo]] honestissimus et certissimus Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 156, homme très honorable et très sûr ; certissimis criminibus et testibus [[fretus]] Cic. Clu. 10, appuyé sur les accusations les [[plus]] certaines et les témoins les [[plus]] sûrs ; [pl. pris subst<sup>t</sup>] certi, des [[gens]] sûrs, des hommes de confiance : Nep. [[Dion]] 9, 1 ; Sall. H. 2, 58 || integra mente certisque sensibus Cic. CM 72, l’intelligence étant intacte et les sens sûrs ; pede [[certo]] Hor. P. 158, d’un pied assuré ; certa manu Ov. Am. 3, 10, 26, d’une main sûre || certissima populi [[Romani]] vectigalia Cic. Pomp. 6, les revenus les [[plus]] sûrs du peuple romain ; certa [[possessio]] Cic. Læl. 55, possession assurée ; [[quo]] [[minus]] certa [[est]] hominum ac [[minus]] diuturna [[vita]], [[hoc]] [[magis]]... Cic. Pomp. 59, moins la vie humaine [[est]] sûre et durable, [[plus]]...; [[certus]] [[receptus]] Cæs. C. 3, 110, 4, refuge assuré ; [[via]] et certa [[neque]] longa Cic. Phil. 11, 4, route à la fois sûre et courte ; quæ [[pax]] potest [[esse]] certior ? Cic. Phil. 8, 5, [[est]]-il une paix [[plus]] sûre ? || [pl. n. pris subst<sup>t</sup>] : certa [[maris]] Tac. H. 4, 81, mer sûre, bon état de la mer<br /><b>4</b> certain [du point de vue de la connaissance], qui n’[[est]] pas douteux, sûr, positif, réel : cum ad has suspiciones certissimæ [[res]] accederent Cæs. G. 1, 19, 1, comme à ces soupçons s’ajoutaient les faits les [[plus]] précis ; [[aliquid]] certa notione animi præsentire Cic. Nat. 2, 45, avoir, avec une claire conception de l’esprit, une idée anticipée de qqch. ; quæ certissima sunt et clarissima Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 62, les faits qui sont les [[plus]] certains et les [[plus]] patents || certum [[est]], c’[[est]] une chose certaine : cum certius [[tibi]] sit me [[esse]] Romæ [[quam]] [[mihi]] te Athenis Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1, car tu es [[plus]] certain de ma présence à Rome que je ne le [[suis]] de ta présence à Athènes ; certum erat Spurinnæ [[non]] venisse Cæcinam Tac. H. 2, 18, [[Spurinna]] avait la certitude que Cécina n’était pas venu ; qui publicos agros arant certum [[est]] [[quid]] e [[lege]] censoria debeant Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 53, les cultivateurs du domaine public, on sait de façon [[positive]] ce qu’ils doivent d’après la loi des censeurs ; id [[utrum]] sua [[sponte]] fecerint, an... [[non]] [[tam]] certum [[est]] [[quam]]... Liv. 34, 62, 17, agirent-ils ainsi d’eux-mêmes ou... c’[[est]] moins certain que... ([[nihil]] certi avec interr. ind., Liv. 7, 26, 15) ; [[mihi]] [[non]] [[tam]] de [[jure]] certum [[est]] [[quam]] [[illud]] ad tuam dignitatem pertinere... Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 25, je [[suis]] moins certain du point de droit que je ne le [[suis]] de l’importance qu’il y a pour ta dignité de... || certum [[habeo]], je tiens pour certain, j’ai la certitude : certum [[non]] [[habeo]], [[ubi]] [[sis]] Cic. Att. 4, 16, 7, je ne sais pas positivement où tu es (Fam. 12, 5, 1 ; Liv. 22, 7, 10) || [avec prop. inf.] : Ant. d. Cic. Att. 14, 13 a, 3 ; Liv. 4, 2, 9 ; 5, 3, 2 ; 22, 3, 1, etc. || certum [[scio]], je le sais de façon certaine : Ter. Phorm. 148 ; Eun. 111 ; [[quid]] [[actum]] sit scribam ad te, cum certum sciam Cic. Att. 7, 13 a, 7, je t’écrirai ce qui s’[[est]] passé, quand je le saurai de façon certaine (Att. 12, 42, 3 ; Fam. 9, 10, 3, etc.) ; [autre sens] savoir qqch. de certain : de cognitione ut certum sciam Ter. Eun. 921, afin que je m’assure de la reconnaissance ; certum [[nescio]], je ne sais [[rien]] de certain : Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2 ; [[Sulla]] 38 || certum ou certius facere (alicui), donner la certitude à qqn sur qqch. : Pl. Men. 242 ; Ps. 598, 965, etc. ; [[nunc]] fit [[illud]] Catonis certius... Cic. Rep. 2, 37, maintenant se reconnaît mieux la vérité de ce mot de Caton, savoir... || certum affirmare, affirmer comme une chose certaine : Liv. 3, 23, 7 ; certum inveniri [[non]] poterat [avec interr. ind.] Cæs. C. 1, 25, 3, on ne pouvait trouver avec certitude si ou si ; certum in Fabio ponitur natum [[esse]] [[eum]]... Cic. Fato 12, on pose comme certain à [[propos]] de [[Fabius]] qu’il [[est]] né...; [[nec]] traditur certum Liv. 2, 8, 8, et là-dessus la tradition n’[[est]] pas certaine ; certum respondere Cic. Ac. 2, 92, répondre qqch. de précis ; constituere Cic. Scauro 34, fixer comme une chose certaine (de façon certaine) || [[pro]] [[certo]] [[habeo]] Cic. Att. 7, 12, 5, je tiens pour certain ; [[ilia]] [[pro]] [[certo]] habenda in quibus [[non]] dissentiunt... Liv. 4, 55, 8, on doit tenir pour certain ce point sur lequel il n’y a pas entre eux désaccord, savoir... ; [avec prop. inf.] Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3, etc. ; Sall. C. 52, 17 ; Liv. 4, 35, 8, etc. || [[pro]] [[certo]] affirmare, affirmer comme certain : Liv. 1, 3, 2 ; 27, 1, 13 ; 43, 22, 4 ; dicere Cic. Br. 10 ; negare Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5, [[dire]] [[non]] catégoriquement ; polliceri Cic. Fin. 5, 87, promettre positivement ; [[pro]] [[certo]] ponere Cæs. G. 7, 5, 6, donner comme certain ; scire Pl. Bacch. 511 ; Liv. 25, 10, 2, savoir de façon certaine ; [[res]] [[pro]] [[certo]] [[est]] Cic. Div. 2, 21 ; Liv. 5, 17, 8, qqch. [[est]] certain || certum [employé adverbial<sup>t</sup>], d’une façon certaine : Hor. S. 2, 6, 27<br /><b>5</b> [en parl. de pers.] qui n’[[est]] pas douteux, incontestable : ecquem tu [[illo]] certiorem nebulonem ? Cic. Att. 15, 21, 1, connais-tu vaurien [[plus]] authentique ? si [[tibi]] [[fortuna]] [[non]] dedit ut patre [[certo]] nascerere Cic. Amer. 46, si ta mauvaise fortune t’a fait naître de père inconnu ; certissimus [[matricida]] Cic. Q. 1, 2, 4, un homme qui a tué incontestablement sa mère ; deum certissima [[proles]] Virg. En. 6, 322, vrai rejeton des dieux<br /><b>6</b> certain de qqch., sûr de qqch. : [avec prop. inf.] certi sumus [[perisse]] [[omnia]] Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5, nous sommes sûrs que tout [[est]] perdu ( Prop. 1, 3, 36 ; Val. Flacc. 1, 59 ; Sil. 11, 57 ; Plin. Min. [[Pan]]. 68 ) ; [avec gén.] : victoriæ certi *Quadr. Ann. 13, certains de la victoire ; [[certus]] [[eventus]] Tac. Ann. 14, 36, assuré du succès ; triumphi Plin. Min. [[Pan]]. 16, du triomphe ; spei Tac. H. 4, 3, assuré dans ses espérances ; posteritatis Plin. Min. Ep. 9, 3, 1, sûr de la postérité (= de la gloire future); [avec de ] Suet. Vesp. 45 || [autre sens] au courant de, instruit de : futurorum certi Ov. M. 13, 722, instruits de l’avenir ( Luc. 7, 31 ; 8, 120 ) ; [[quot]] natent pisces æquore, [[certus]] eris Ov. P. 2, 7, 28, tu sauras combien de poissons nagent dans la mer || certiorem facere aliquem, informer qqn : Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55 ; Cæs. G. 5, 49, 4 ; [[non]] [[facto]] certiore senatu Liv. 23, 23, 9, sans informer le sénat (45, 21, 4) ; [avec gén.] alicujus [[rei]], informer de qqch. : Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3 ; Cæl. d. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 1 ; Brut. et [[Cassius]] d. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 2 (certior [[factus]] Att. 8, 11 d, 1 ; 9, 2 a, 2 ; Liv. 24, 38, 4 ; Curt. 8, 10, 17 ) ; [avec de ] : de [[aliqua]] re Cic. Att. 3, 8, 1 ; 13, 3, 2 ; Cat. 2, 26, etc.; Cæs. G. 1, 7, 3, etc. ; [avec prop. inf.] informer que : Cic. Att. 4, 14, 1 ; Verr. 2, 4, 80 ; 5, 101, etc.; Cæs. G. 1, 11, 4, etc. ; [avec interr. ind.] : [[eos]] certiores facit [[quid]] [[opus]] esset Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 66, il les informe de ce qu’il faut faire (Att. 6, 1, 26, etc.; Cæs. G. 7, 87, 5 ; C. 1, 15, 4 ; mais [[quid]] velit [[mihi]] certius facit Pl. Men. 763, elle m’informe de ce qu’elle, veut); [avec idée d’ordre, d’exhortation] : certiorem facere ut Cic. Att. 2, 24, 2 ; Fam. 9, 5, 3 ; ne Cæs. C. 1, 64, 3 ; [avec subj.] : milites certiores facit [[paulisper]] intermitterent prœlium Cæs. G. 3, 5, 3, il mande aux soldats d’interrompre un moment le combat ( Liv. 40, 39, 3 ) || certum facere aliquem, renseigner qqn : Pl. Ps. 1097 ; [[rei]] Ov. M. 6, 268, informer de qqch. | |||
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Revision as of 06:40, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
certus: a, um orig. P. a. from cerno; hence, adj.,
I determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.
I (Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my (thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.): certum'st hominem eludere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109: tibi credere, id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31: certum atque decretum est non dare signum, Liv. 2, 45, 13: certum est igni circumdare muros, Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense: certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15: certum est, jam dicam patri, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15: certum est, ibo ad medicum, id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74; so further with istuc, id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30: mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere, Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3: ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60: quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc., Ter. And. 2, 3, 16: certa res hanc est objurgare, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—
b (From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.
(a) With inf.: certa mori, Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475: decrevitque mori): certi non cedere, Ov. M. 9, 43: certa sequi, Val. Fl. 5, 47.—
(b) With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1; A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi, Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440: desciscendi, Tac. H. 4, 14: relinquendae vitae, id. A. 4, 34: necis, Sil. 6, 27: fugae, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12: destinationis, Tac. A. 12, 32: sceleris, id. ib. 12, 66: consilii, id. H. 2, 46.—
(g) With an: nec sat certa an cederet armis, Sil. 9, 480.—
II An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7; with praefinitus, Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).
A Object.
1 Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.): Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa, Lucr. 6, 783: fruges, bacae, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat, id. Cat. 3, 7, 16: concilium in diem certam indicere, Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.; so with dies, a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.: certis diebus, Verg. G. 2, 329: quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant, Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41: certum praefinitumque tempus, id. Galb. 14; and: certum statumque vectigal, id. Calig. 40: pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum, Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56: locus, Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6: numerus, id. ib. 7, 75: signum, fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27: naves, fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56: pecuniae imperabantur, id. ib. 3, 32 fin.: conviva, i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid: ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem, Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—
b But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis): Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128: habet certos sui studiosos, id. Brut. 16, 64: (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit, id. Sest. 27, 58: certi homines ad eam rem periti, id. ib. 18, 41: res a certis hominibus corrupta, id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis: ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati, Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8; 11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes, id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.: in his certos aliquos docebit, id. 2, 8, 13.—
2 Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).
a Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.: tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57: certi homines, quibus dem litteras, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156: certus enim promisit Apollo, etc., Hor. C. 1, 7, 28: auctor (mortis), Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5: adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem, Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2: per litora certos dimittam, Verg. A. 1, 576: certissimus auctor (Phoebus), id. G. 1, 432.—
b Of things: satis animo certo et confirmato, Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf. pectora, Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10: promissa, Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1: parata dicendi copia et certa, Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. § 9: jus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.: jactus (telorum), Tac. A. 14, 37; cf. in this sense certa hasta, Verg. A. 11, 767: sagitta, Hor. C. 1, 12, 23: fides segetis, id. ib. 3, 16, 30: spes, id. C. S. 74: trames, id. S. 2, 3, 49: lar, id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.: plana et certa, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1: certa et clara, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.: certa maris, Tac. H. 4, 81.—
B Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.): cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent, Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29: incerta pro certis malebant, Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.: incerta pro certis mutare, id. J. 83, 1: postremo certior res, Liv. 29, 6, 12: certiora esse dicunt quam, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum: hisce oculis egomet vidi, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31: jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse? id. Enn. 4, 4, 36: cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis, Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1: id parum certum est, Liv. 5, 35, 3: cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium, Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8: nec quicquam certi respondes mihi? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84: neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: certum inveniri non potest ne ... an, id. B. C. 1, 25: si quicquam humanorum certi est, Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror: Certum non scimus, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.: certum habere, to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.: certum respondeo, Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92: cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23: negare, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5: polliceri, id. Agr. 2, 37, 102: dicere aliquid, id. Brut. 3, 10: ponere, Liv. 23, 6, 8: scire, id. 25, 10, 1: affirmare, id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.: creditur, Sall. C. 15, 2: coeperit esse, Quint. 5, 12, 2: certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re, Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.: quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.: et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum, Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14: certo certius, Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—
2 Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure: certi sumus periisse omnia, Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5: num quid nunc es certior? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191: posteritatis, i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1: sententiae, Quint. 4, 3, 8: judicii, Sen. Ep. 45, 9: certus de suā geniturā, Suet. Vesp. 25: damnationis, id. Tib. 61: exitii, Tac. A. 1, 27: spei, id. H. 4, 3: matrimonii, id. A. 12, 3: certi sumus, etc., Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing: me certiorem face, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69: ut nos facias certiores, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32: uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant, Caes. B. G. 2, 2: qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit, Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2: Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 11: faciam te certiorem quid egerim, Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only: milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium, Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.—Pass.: quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1: Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3: factus certior, quae res gererentur, Caes. B. C. 1, 15: non consulibus certioribus factis, Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely: fac me certum quid tibi est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179: lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae, Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.
A certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but
v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.
1 Object.: perii certo, haud arbitrario, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106: mihi certo nomen Sosia'st, id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—
b In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
2 Subject.
a In gen. (very rare): certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum, Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4: ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
b Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.): certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19: quod te moleste ferre certo scio, Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16: veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—
B certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).
I Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.
1 Object.: certe edepol, tu me alienabis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243: ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: certe hercle, id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10: quom is certe Renuntiarit, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4: certe captus est! id. And. 1, 1, 55: certe ut videamur cernere eum, Lucr. 4, 760: si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est, Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5: fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc., id. Planc. 16, 38: ea certe vera sunt, id. Mil. 35, 96: M. Catoni certe licuit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 1, 1: jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: cum se certe decessurum videret, id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8: certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus, Verg. A. 1, 234: o dea certe, a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328: postremo expellet certe vivacior heres, Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc., Ov. M. 2, 543 al.— Comp.: speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant, Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3: si reperire vocas amittere certius, Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.—Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—
b In an answer of affirmation: estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—
2 Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.): certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115: edepol certo scio, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20: scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam, id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32: ex litteris certe scire potuistis, id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29: quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse, id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—
b In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—
c In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. ἴσως: ah nugas agis, Certe habes, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis, Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —
(b) In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—
II Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).
A Alone: si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16: cingitur, certe expedit se, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152: ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant, Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117: haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt, id. Ac. 2, 32, 105: qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe, id. Phil. 12, 4, 8: res fortasse verae, certe graves, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13: consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse, id. 22, 34, 11: quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus, Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.: quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so, ego certe, Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57: certe ego, Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13: mihi certe, Quint. 10, 3, 23: ipse certe, id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—
B With other particles.
1 With tamen: illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—
2 With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—
3 With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —
4 With quidem: ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70: quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri, id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50: certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc., Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.: hic quidem certe memorat, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)>
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
certus,⁶ a, um (cerno),
1 [en parl. de choses] décidé, résolu : certumnest tibi istuc ? --- non moriri certius Pl. Capt. 732, est-ce là une chose bien arrêtée dans ton esprit ? --- aussi arrêtée que notre mort un jour ; hoc mihi certissimum est Pl. Merc. 658, j’y suis tout à fait décidé ; quando id certum atque obstinatum est Liv. 2, 15, 5, puisque c’est une résolution arrêtée et inébranlable
