vicis

Latin > English

vicis(gen.) N F :: turn, change, succession; exchange, interchange, repayment; plight, lot

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

vĭcis: (as a
I gen.; the nom. does not occur), vicem, vice; in plur., vices (nom. and acc.) and vicibus (dat. and abl.), f. cf. Gr. εἴκω, to yield; root ϝικ->; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 135, change, interchange, alternation, alternate or reciprocal succession, vicissitude (the gen. not ante-Aug.; the other cases class.).
I Lit.
   A In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; for which, in class. prose, vicissitudo).
   (a)    Sing.: ignotus juvenum coetus alternā vice Inibat alacris, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 151 Vahl.): hac vice sermonum, conversation, Verg. A. 6, 535: vice sermonis, Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 79; cf. in the foll. β: deus haec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice, Hor. Epod. 13, 8: solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni, id. C. 1, 4, 1: commoti Patres vice fortunarum humanarum, Liv. 7, 31, 6: dum Nox vicem peragit, performs the exchange, i. e. alternales with day, Ov. M. 4, 218: ridica contingens vitem mutuā vice sustinetur et sustinet, Col. 4, 16: versā vice, reversely, Dig. 43, 29, 3; App. Dogm. Plat. p. 32, 6; id. Flor. p. 363; Just. 6, 5, 11 al.—
   (b)    Plur.: plerumque gratae divitibus vices Mundaeque parvo sub Lare pauperum Cenae, Hor. C. 3, 29, 13: et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices, Quint. 9, 2, 14: loquendi, id. 6, 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 10, 35: ipsius lectionis taedium vicibus levatur, Quint. 1, 12, 4: habet has vices condicio mortalium, ut adversa ex secundis, ex adversis secunda nascantur, Plin. Pan. 5 fin.: spatium diei noctis excipiunt vices, Phaedr. 2, 8, 10: haec quoque non perstant ... Quasque vices peragant ... docebo, what vicissitudes they undergo, Ov. M. 15, 238: mutat terra vices, renews her changes, Hor. C. 4, 7, 3: perque vicis modo Persephone! modo Filia! clamat, alternately, Ov. F. 4, 483; so, per vicis, id. M. 4, 40; Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23: per vices annorum, i. e. every other year, id. 12, 14, 30, § 54: cur vicibus factis convivia ineant, alternately, by turns, Ov. F. 4, 353.—
   2    Adverb.: in vicem (also freq. one word, invĭcem; and less freq. vicem, in vices, or per vices), by turns, alternately, one after the other, mutually, reciprocally.
   a In vicem: bibenda aqua: postero die etiam vinum: deinde in vicem alternis diebus modo aqua modo vinum, Cels. 3, 2 med.: reliqui, qui domi manserunt, se atque alios alunt: hi rursus in vicem anno post in armis sunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 1: propter vicinitatem simul eramus invicem, Cic. Att. 5, 10, 5; Quint. 11, 3, 168: multis invicem casibus victi victoresque, Liv. 2, 44, 12: non comisantium in vicem more jam diu vivimus inter nos, id. 40, 9, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.: in vicem inter se gratantes, id. 9, 43, 17: inque vicem tua me, te mea forma capit, Ov. H. 17, 180; id. M. 6, 631; 8, 473; Verg. G. 3, 188; Hor. S. 1, 3, 141 al.—
   b Vicem: ut unus fasces haberet, et hoc insigne regium suam cujusque vicem, per omnes iret, Liv. 3, 36, 3; cf. id. 1, 9, 15.—
   c In vices (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): inque vices illum tectos qui laesit amores, Laedit amore pari, Ov. M. 4, 191; 12, 161; Tac. G. 26 Halm.—
   d Per vices (post-Aug. and very rare): quod ipsum imperari per vices optimum est, Quint. 2, 4, 6 Halm.—
   B In partic.
   1    A time, turn (late Lat.; cf. Orell. ad Hor. C. 4, 14, 13): ager tertiā vice arabitur, Pall. 10, 1: tribus per diem vicibus, id. 1, 3 fin.; cf.: tesserulas in medium vice suā quisque jaciebamus, Gell. 18, 13, 1: vice quādam, once, Sid. Ep. 7, 1; Aus. Pan. Grat. Aug. 4.—
   2    Reciprocal behavior or conduct, i. e. return, requital, reciprocal service, recompense, remuneration, retaliation (rare but class.): recito praedicationem amplissimi beneficii, vicem officii praesentis, Cic. Sest. 4, 10: tanto proclivius est injuriae quam beneficio vicem exsolvere, Tac. H. 4, 3; Prop. 1, 13, 10: redde vicem meritis, Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23: non poteris ipsa referre vicem, id. A. A. 1, 370; cf.: dejecit acer plus vice simplici (i. e. non tantam solum cladem illis intulit quantam ipsi dederant, sed duplum, Schol.), Hor. C. 4, 14, 13 Orell. ad loc.—Plur.: spernentem sperne, sequenti Redde vices, Ov. M. 14, 36: neque est ullus affectus ... qui magis vices exigat, Plin. Pan. 85, 3.—
   3    The changes of fate, fate, hap, lot, condition, fortune, misfortune: mihi uni necesse erit et meam et aliorum vicem pertimescere? Cic. Dom. 4, 8: indignando et ipse vicem ejus, Liv. 40, 23, 1: tacite gementes tristem fortunae vicem, Phaedr. 5, 1, 6; cf.: vicem suam conquestus est, Suet. Aug. 66: convertere humanam vicem, Hor. Epod. 5, 88: publicā vice commoveri, Quint. 11, 1, 42; cf. id. 4, 1, 33.—Plur.: fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum, Hor. C. 1, 28, 32: testor in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas Vitavisse vices Danaūm, dangers, contests, Verg. A. 2, 433.—
II Transf., the position, place, room, stead, post, office, duty of one person or thing as assumed by another (the usual signif. of the word): heredum causa justissima est: nulla est enim persona, quae ad vicem ejus, qui e vitā emigrarit, propius accedat, Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48: ego succedens in vicem imperii tui, Liv. 38, 48, 7: ipse in locum vicemque consulis provolat, id. 3, 18, 9: postquam (Juppiter) te dedit, qui erga omne humanum genus vice suā fungereris, stand in the place of, represent, Plin. Pan. 80, 6: fungar vice cotis, Hor. A. P. 304: per speciem alienae fungendae vicis opes suas firmavit, Liv. 1, 41, 6: ne sacra regiae vicis desererentur, id. 1, 20, 2: vestramque meamque vicem explete, Tac. A. 4, 8 fin.: cujus ... ego vicem debeo inplere, Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 6: (Manus) adverbiorum atque pronominum obtinent vicem, Quint. 11, 3, 87: in ordine vicis suae, Vulg. Luc. 1, 8.—Plur.: non ad suum pertinere officium rati, quando divisae professionum vices essent, Quint. Inst. prooem. § 4.—
   2    Adverb.
   a Vicem, with the gen. or a pers. pron., in the place of, instead of, on account of, for, for the sake of: eri vicem meamque, Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 11: qui hodie sese excruciari meam vicem possit pati, id. Most. 2, 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 24: vos respondetote istinc istarum vicem, id. Rud. 3, 5, 34: tuam vicem saepe doleo, Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3: suam vicem indignantem magistratu abisse, Liv. 2, 31, 11: remittimus hoc tibi, ne nostram vicem irascaris. id. 34, 32, 6: sollicito consuli ... eorum vicem quos, etc., id. 44, 3, 5: rex, vicem eorum quos ad tam manifestum periculum miserat, Curt. 7, 11, 20: maestus non suam vicem, sed propter, etc., id. 7, 2, 5: cum Pompeius aedem Victoriae dedicaturus foret, cujus gradus vicem theatri essent, Tiro Tull. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 7: quoniam res familiaris obsidis vicem esse apud rempublicam videbatur, Gell. 16, 10, 11.—
   (b)    Sometimes in a more general sense, after the manner of, like: Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 497, 26; cf. the foll.—
   b Vice, instead of, for, on account of: in pane salis vice utuntur nitro, Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 115: temonis vice trahitur, Col. 6, 2, 7: murum urbi cocto latere circumdedit, harenae vice bitumine interstrato, Just. 1, 2, 7: exanimes vice unius, Liv. 1, 25, 6: senatus vice populi, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 5.—
   (b)    In a more general sense (cf. the preced. numbers), after the manner of, like: jactari se passa fluctu algae vice, Plin. 9, 45, 68, § 147: moveri periclitantium vice possumus, Quint. 6, 2, 35: diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumagi, Suet. Ner. 31: quaeque dixerat, oracli vice accipiens, Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.: ut deorum vice mortuos honorarent, like gods, Lact. 4, 28 fin.: vice navium, App. de Deo Socr. p. 47, 22: vice pecudum occidi, Lact. 5, 10, 6: vice imbellium proculcati, Dict. Cret. 3, 24.—
   c In vicem, instead of, for, in place of: potest malleolus protinus in vicem viviradicis conseri, Col. 3, 14, 3: defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 85: in omnium vicem regni unius insatiabilis amor Successit, Liv. 40, 8, 18: missis in vicem eorum quinque milibus sociorum, id. 31, 11, 3; Col. 5, 6, 1; so dat. vici, Quint. Decl. 6, 4.—
   d Ad vicem, instead of, for: ad tegularum et imbricum vicem, Plin. 36, 22, 44, § 159: ad vicem solis cinis calidus subjectus, Pall. 4, 10 fin.; 3, 28; very rarely, ad invicem, Veg. Vet. 2, 7 fin.—
   (b)    In a more general sense (cf. in the preced. numbers a. and b.), after the manner of, like: majores natu a majoribus colebantur ad deum prope ad parentum vicem, Gell. 2, 15, 1.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

vĭcis,⁸ gén., f. [pas de nom.] ; acc. vicem, abl. vice ; pl. nom. acc. vices, dat.-abl. vicibus
1 tour, succession, alternative : hac vice sermonum Virg. En. 6, 535, dans ces alternatives (dans cet échange) de propos ; solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni Hor. O. 1, 4, 1, le rude hiver s’amollit par l’agréable retour du printemps et du Zéphyr, qui lui succèdent ; nox vicem peragit Ov. M. 4, 218, la nuit accomplit son alternance, règne à son tour ; quas vices peragant (elementa) docebo Ov. M. 15, 238, je vous montrerai comment ils (les éléments) se succèdent alternativement ; vices loquendi Quint. 6, 4, 11, tour de parole ; per vices Ov. M. 4, 40 ; F. 4, 483, alternativement ; vicibus factis Ov. F. 4, 353, un roulement étant établi, à tour de rôle ; mutat terra vices Hor. O. 4, 7, 3 [acc. de l’objet intérieur] la terre opère le changement qu’amène l’alternative, opère son renouvellement [comme un poste de garde se renouvelle par roulement] ; in vices Tac. G. 26, à tour de rôle, par roulement, cf. Ov. M. 4, 191 ; alterna vice Col. Rust. 3, 2, 23, etc. ; Plin. 35, 29 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 9, 33, 2, etc. ; alternis vicibus Sen. Ep. 12, 7, etc. ; Plin. Min. Ep. 4, 30, 7, etc., alternativement ; vice versa Sen. Herc. Œt. 470 ; Gell. 16, 13, 7, inversement, vice versa
2 alternative de la destinée, destinée : convertere humanam vicem Hor. Epo. 5, 88, changer le jeu des événements humains ; vicem suam conqueri Suet. Aug. 66, déplorer son sort ; vices superbæ Hor. O. 1, 28, 32, les retours hautains (sans pitié) de la destinée || alternative des combats, chances de la guerre : vices Danaum Virg. En. 2, 433, les hasards de la lutte avec les Grecs
3 retour, réciprocité : recito vicem officii præsentis Cic. Sest. 10, ma lecture vous retrace la réciprocité de bons offices actuels = vous signale de bons services rendus actuellement à titre de réciprocité ; injuriæ, beneficio vicem exsolvere Tac. H. 4, 3, s’acquitter de la réciprocité pour une injure, pour un bienfait = payer de retour une injure, un bienfait, ou vicem reddere ou vicem referre Ov. Am. 1, 6, 23 : Ars 1, 370 ; vices exigere Plin. Min. Pan. 85, 3, exiger la réciprocité
4 [fig.] le tour de qqn ou de qqch. dans un roulement, [d’où] place, rôle, fonction, office : ad vicem alicujus accedere Cic. Leg. 2, 48, remplacer qqn ; in vicem imperii tui succedens Liv. 38, 48, 7, te remplaçant dans ton commandement ; vice alicujus ou alicujus rei fungi Plin. Min. Pan. 80, 6 ; Hor. P. 304, remplir le rôle de qqn, de qqch. ; per speciem alienæ fungendæ vicis Liv. 1, 41, 6, sous couleur de remplacer autrui ; vicem alicujus explere Tac. Ann. 4, 8 ; implere Plin. Min. Ep. 6, 6, 6, remplir le rôle de qqn, ou obtinere Quint. 11, 3, 87
5 [expressions] : acc. vĭcem, employé adv^t a) = in vicem, v. ce mot ; ut hoc insigne regium suam cujusque vicem per omnes iret Liv. 3, 36, 3, [il avait été établi] que cet insigne d’une autorité royale [les faisceaux] irait à tous en passant à chacun d’eux à tour de rôle ; b) à la place de, pour : tuam vicem doleo Cic. Fam. 12, 23, 3, je m’afflige pour toi ; meam vicem Cic. Att. 8, 2, 2, pour moi ; alicujus vicem Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4, pour qqn, cf. Domo 8 ; Phil. 10, 6 ; c) à la manière de, comme : Sardanapali vicem Cic. Att. 10, 8, 7, comme Sardanapale, cf. Sall. d. Non. 497, 26 || abl. vĭce, a) à la place de, en guise de, comme : salis vice Plin. 31, 115, en guise de sel ; oraculi vice Tac. Ann. 6, 21, comme un oracle ; vice mundi Suet. Nero 31, comme le monde ; b) à la place de, pour : exanimes vice unius Liv. 1, 25, 6, étant dans l’angoisse pour ce combattant resté seul.

Latin > German (Georges)

vicis (als Genet.; Nom. kommt nicht vor), vicem, vice; Plur. vicēs (Nom. u. Akk.) u. vicibus (Dat. u. Abl.), f. (vgl. ahd. wëhsal, Wechsel, Austausch), der Wechsel, die Abwechselung, Wechselseitigkeit, I) eig.: A) im allg.: 1) übh.: vice fortunarum humanarum, Liv.: mutuā vice, Colum.: versā vice, umgekehrt, Sen. poët., Iustin, u.a.: hāc vice sermonum, Wechselgespräch, Verg.: solvitur acris hiems gratā vice veris et favoni, Hor.: deus haec fortasse benignā reducet in sedem vice, Hor.: nox peragit vicem, vollbringt den Wechsel, d.i. wechselt mit dem Tage, Ov. – Plur., gratae divitibas vices, Hor.: et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices, Quint.: lectionis taedium vicibus levatur, Quint.: habet has vices condicio mortalium, Plin.: per vices annorum, ein Jahr um das andere, Plin.: mutat terra vices, erneut den Wechsel, wechselt mit neuen Gestalten, Hor.: peragere vices, Wechsel erleiden, Ov.: cur vicibus factis convivia ineant, abwechselnd, Ov. – 2) adv., a) per vices, abwechselnd, clamare, Ov.: subire, Plin. – b) in vicem (in einem Worte invicem), seltener bl. vicem, in vices, zur-, in Abwechselung, abwechselnd, wechselweise, einer um den anderen, gegenseitig, α) in vicem: hi rursus in vicem anno post in armis sunt, Caes.: missis in vicem earum (legionum) quinque milibus sociorum, Liv.: multis in vicem casibus victi victoresque, Liv.: inque vicem tua me, te mea forma capit, Ov. – β) vicem: ut unus fasces haberet et hoc insigne regium suam cuiusque vicem per omnes iret, Liv. 3, 36, 3. – γ) in vices: agri pro numero cultorum ab universis in vices occupantur, Tac.: inque vices illum tectos qui laesit amores, laedit amore pari, Ov.: inque vices equitant, Iuven.
B) insbes.: 1) die Entgegnung, Erwiderung, Gegenleistung, der Gegendienst, die Vergeltung (griech). ἀμοιβή, ἀντίποινα), recito... vicem officii praesentis, Cic.: tanto proclivius est iniuriae quam officio civem exsolvere, Tac.: redde vicem meritis, Ov.: referre vicem, Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten, Ov. u.a.: so auch reddere vicem, Plin. ep. u. Treb. Poll. – Plur., qui magis vices exigat, Plin. pan.: multarum miseras exiget una vices, Prop.: sequenti redde vices, Ov.: vices superbae te maneant ipsum, Vergeltung des Übermutes (= die der Üb. über dich bringt), Hor. – bes. im Acc. u. Abl. bei Adjj. der Gemütsbewegung, sollicitus meam vicem, Liv.: solliciti vicem imperatoris, Liv.: anxius od. maestus suam vicem, Liv. u. Curt.: exanimes vice unius, Liv.: vice eorum sollicitus, Curt. Vgl. Fabri u. Weißenb. Liv. 21, 34, 5. Mützell Curt. 7, 11 (43), 20. – 2) der Wechsel des Schicksals, das Schicksal, Los, vicem suam conquestus est, Suet.: tacite gementes tristem fortunae vicem, Phaedr.: convertere humanam vicem, Hor. – 3) der Wechsel des Kampfes, die Kampfgefahr, der Kampf, vicis meritique labore aequato, Sil. – Plur., vitare vices Danaûm, Verg.
II) übtr., die Seite, der Platz, die Stelle, Rolle, das Geschäft, Amt, a) übh.: heredum causa iustissima est; nulla est enim persona, quae ad vicem eius, qui e vita emigrarit, propius accedat, Cic.: fungi vice suā (lovis) erga omne humanum genus, seine Stelle (als Regierer der Welt) vertreten, Plin. pan.: fungi cotis vice, Hor.: ne sacra regiae vicis desererentur, Liv.: vestram meamque vicem explete, Tac.: vicem aerarii praestare, die Stelle des Är. vertreten, Sall. fr.: ut assuetam fortius praestes vicem (Amt), Phaedr.: adverbiorum obtinere vicem, Quint. – Plur., quando divisae professionum vices essent, Quint. – b) adv., vicem, vice, in vicem, ad vicem, anstatt, für, wegen, nach Art von, gleich wie, α) vicem (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 394): male occĭdo eri vicem meamque, Plaut.: in qua re tuam vicem saepe doleo, Cic.: et nostram et illorum vicem, Plaut.: ne nostram vicem irascaris, Liv.: cogor vestram omnium vicem unus consulere, für euch alle allein zu sorgen, Liv.: Sardanapali vicem in suo lectulo mori, wie Sardanapal, Cic.: ceteri vicem pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. fr. – β) vice: in pane salis vice utuntur nitro, Plin.: temonis vice trahitur, Plin.: quaeque dixerat, oracli vice accipiens, wie ein O., Tac.: diebus ac noctibus vice mundi circumagi, Suet.: moveri periclitantium vice, Quint.: vice pecorum interficiuntur, Dict. – γ) in vicem: defatigatis in vicem integri succedunt, an ihre Stelle, Caes.: potest malleolus protinus in vicem viviradicis conseri, Colum. – δ) ad vicem: ad tegularum imbricumque vicem, Plin.: ad parentum vicem, gleich den Eltern, Gell.: ad vicem obsidis teneri, Aur. Vict.