super

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

sŭper: adj., v. superus.
sŭper: adv. and prep. Sanscr. upari; Gr. ὑπέρ;> Goth. ufar,
I above, over (often confounded in MSS. and edd. with supra, q. v.).
I Adv., above, on top, thereupon, upon, etc. (rare but class.).
   A Lit., of place: Anien infraque superque Saxeus, Stat. S. 1, 3, 20: eo super tigna bipedalia, iniciunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 10: haec super e vallo prospectant Troes, Verg. A. 9, 168: implenturque super puppes, from above, i. e. by rain, id. ib. 5, 697: purpureas super vestes ... Coniciunt, id. ib. 6, 221; cf. id. ib. 6, 217: renes tunicis super conteguntur, Cels. 3, 1 med.: imponendum super medicamentum, id. 6, 19 med.—
   B Transf.
   1    Of that which is over and above in number or quantity, over, moreover, besides: satis superque esse sibi suarum cuique rerum, enough and to spare, more than enough, Cic. Lael. 13, 45: satis superque prudentes, id. Har. Resp. 9, 18: contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est, id. N. D. 2, 1, 2: ut satis superque vixisse videamur, id. Tusc. 1, 45, 110; Hor. Epod. 1, 31; Liv. 3, 53: quidque furor valeat, satisque Ac super ostendit, Ov. M. 4, 430: poenas dedit usque superque Quam satis est, Hor. S. 1, 2, 65: cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus; et super ipsi Dardanidae infensi, etc., and moreover, and besides, Verg. A. 2, 71: saevit amor ferri ... Ira super, id. ib. 7, 462: super talis effundit pectore voces, id. ib. 5, 482; 11, 670: voto deus aequoris alti Annuerat; dederatque super, ne saucius ullis Vulneribus fieri posset, Ov. M. 12, 206; 4, 751; 15, 308; Hor. S. 2, 7, 78; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Phaedr. 4, 24, 18: annum agens aetatis sexagensimum ac nonum, superque mensem ac diem septimum, Suet. Vesp. 24.— With gen. part.: non operae est satis superque oneris sustinenti res a populo Romano gestas scribere, Liv. 41, 25, 8: primoribus, super quam quod dissenserant a consilio, territis etiam duplici prodigio, besides that, Liv. 22, 3, 14; so, super quam quod, id. 27, 20, 10.—
   2    Less freq. of that which is left over, over, left, remaining: Atheniensibus exhaustis praeter arma et naves nihil erat super, Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; cf.: nec spes ulla super, Val. Fl. 8, 435: quid super sanguinis, qui dari pro republicā possit? rogitantes, Liv. 4, 58, 13: super tibi erunt, qui dicere laudes tuas cupiant, Verg. E. 6, 6: o mihi sola mei super Astyanactis imago, id. A. 3, 489.
II Prep. with acc. and abl., over, above, on the top of, upon, on.
   A With acc.
   1    Lit., of place or situation: super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui, nisi columellam, Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66: super lateres coria inducuntur, Caes. B. C. 2, 10; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, § 4: super quas (naves) turrim ad introitum opposuit, id. ib. 3, 39 Dinter (al. quā): super vallum praecipitari, Sall. J. 58, 6; cf.: cum alii super aliorum capita ruerent, Liv. 24, 39, 5: super caput hostium pervenire, id. 32, 11, 8: aqua super montium juga concreta, id. 21, 58, 8: domos super se ipsos concremaverunt, id. 21, 14, 4: cenaculum super aedes datum est, id. 39, 14, 2: ad senaculum ac super id curiam, id. 41, 27, 7: equi super eum ruentis, id. 39, 49, 3: super eam (aspidem) assidere, Cic. Fin. 2, 18, 59: super theatrum consistere, Liv. 24, 39, 1: aquila super carpentum volitans, id. 1, 34, 8: illa super terram defecto poplite labens, Ov. M. 13, 477: collis erat, collemque super planissima Area, id. ib. 10, 86: ut scopulum super duram illidat corticem, Phaedr. 2, 6, 11: clatri super aquam emineant, Col. 8, 17, 10: super arcem pensiles horti sunt, Curt. 5, 1, 32: vestis super genua est, id. 5, 6, 18: super pulpitum consulares conlocare, Suet. Calig. 54.—
   b Of position or distance, above, beyond: Nomentanus erat super ipsum, Porcius infra, was above him (at table), Hor. S. 2, 8, 23: Polypercon, qui cubabat super regem, Curt. 8, 5, 22: super se collocavit, Suet. Aug. 43.—Of geographical situation: super Numidiam Gaetulos accepimus, beyond Numidia, Sall. J. 19, 5: super et Garamantas et Indos Proferet imperium, Verg. A. 6, 795: super Sunium navigans, Liv. 28, 8, 11: sita est super Ambracium sinum, id. 43, 21, 6: super Demetriadem promunturium, id. 31, 46, 7; 43, 21, 6: qui super Bosporum colunt, Curt. 6, 2, 13; 7, 6, 12; 8, 1, 7: Lydia super Ioniam procedit, extends beyond, Plin. 5, 29, 30, § 110.—Of official position ( = supra): super armamentarium positus, Curt. 6, 7, 22; Scrib. Comp. 162.—
   2    Transf.
   a Of time, during, at (postAug.): de hujus nequitiā omnes super cenam loquebantur, Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 6; 3, 5, 11; 9, 33, 1; cf.: super vinum et epulas, Curt. 8, 4, 30; 8, 12, 17; Suet. Aug. 77; id. Caes. 87: super mensam, Curt. 7, 4, 7: super hos divum honores, i. e. during the sacrifice, Stat. Th. 1, 676; Flor. 4, 2, 69.—
   b Of that which is over and above a certain number or quantity, over, above, beyond, upon, besides, in addition to (not freq. till after the Aug. period): quod alii super alios legati venirent speculaturi, i. e. in rapid succession, constantly, Liv. 42, 25, 8: vox non paene tragoedorum sed super omnes tragoedos, Quint. 12, 5, 5: super modum ac paene naturam, id. 11, 3, 169: super necessitatem, id. 9, 3, 46: famosissima super ceteras fuit cena ei data adventicia, Suet. Vit. 13: super veteres amicos, id. Tib. 55.—With numerals: super tris modios, Liv. 23, 12, 1: super LX. milia, Tac. G. 33: super octingentos annos, id. A. 13, 58: super quadraginta reos, Suet. Calig. 38: super HS. millies, id. Caes. 26; id. Ner. 30: senioribus super sexaginta annos in Epirum missis, Liv. 26, 25, 11; cf.: super triginta ducibus triumphos decernendos curavit, Suet. Aug. 38: Punicum exercitum super morbum etiam fames affecit, Liv. 28, 46, 15: super tam evidentem tristis ominis eventum, etiam, etc., id. 41, 18, 14: super dotem haec tibi dona accedent, id. 26, 50, 12; 2, 51, 2: super solitos honores, id. 2, 31, 3: super vota fluere, beyond all wishes, Tac. H. 3, 48: super obscena dicta et petulans jurgium, Phaedr. 3, 11, 2: dare savia super savia, kisses upon kisses, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 38: alii super alios trucidentur, Liv. 1, 50, 6: vulnus super vulnus, id. 22, 54, 9: ut habitationes super pretium libertatis praestarentur, Dig. 18, 6, 19.—Esp. freq.: super omnia, above all, before all (in Plin. the elder, super omnia and super omnes always at the beginning of the phrase; v. Sillig ad Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 62): talia carminibus celebrant: super omnia Caci Speluncam adiciunt, Verg. A. 8, 303: aetas et forma et super omnia Romanum nomen, Liv. 31, 18, 3; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 118; Quint. 12, 9, 12; Ov. M. 6, 526; 8, 677; so, tu super omnes beatus, Plin. Ep. 7, 13, 2; Suet. Vit. 13; Quint. 12, 5, 5.—
   c Hence, transf., in gen., for plus quam, amplius quam, more than (late Lat.): qui amat filium aut filiam super me, Vulg. Matt. 10, 37; cf.: dulciora sunt super mel et favum, id. Psa. 18, 11.—
   B With abl.
   1    Lit., of place or situation (rare and mostly poet.): regulae, quae lateres, qui super musculo struantur, contineant, Caes. B. C. 2, 10: ensis cui super Cervice pendet, Hor. C. 3, 1, 17: ligna super foco Large reponens, id. ib. 1, 9, 5: parumne campis atque Neptuno super Fusum est Latini sanguinis, id. Epod. 7, 3: super Pindo, id. C. 1, 12, 6: requiescere Fronde super viridi, Verg. E. 1, 81. —
   2    Transf.
   a Of time (cf. supra, A. 2. a.), during, in: nocte super mediā, Verg. A. 9, 61; cf.: Centaurea cum Lapithis rixa super mero Debellata, Hor. C. 1, 18, 8.—
   b For the usual de, to indicate respect, reference, upon, about, concerning, respecting (freq. in the ante-class. and after the Aug. period; in Cic. only a few times in his letters; not in Cæs.): nemo antea fecit super tali re cum hoc magistratu utique rem, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 305 Müll.; so Pac. ib.; Plaut. Am. prol. 58; id. Most. 3, 2, 39: hac super re scribam ad te Rhegio, Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1: sed hac super re nimis (sc. dixi), id. ib. 10, 8, 10: litteras super tantā re exspectare, Liv. 26, 15, 5: cura super tali re principum laudata est, id. 40, 46, 15: multus eā super re rumor, Tac. A. 11, 23: quid nuntias super anu? Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 8: super Euclionis filia, id. Aul. 4, 7, 2: super ancillā, id. Cas. 2, 3, 36: super amicā, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 133; 3, 6, 33; 4, 2, 25: quid agendum nobis sit super legatione votivā, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2: super tali causā missi, Nep. Paus. 4: legare super familia pecuniave sua, Auct. Her. 1, 13, 23: super tali causā, Nep. Paus. 4, 1: multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa, Verg. A. 1, 750; 4, 233: super arvorum cultu, id. G. 4, 559: mitte civiles super Urbe curas, Hor. C. 3, 8, 17: publicus ludus super impetrato Augusti reditu, id. ib. 4, 2, 42: decreta super jugandis Feminis, id. C. S. 18: consultant bello super, Sil. 2, 271; 5, 615: ne super tali scelere suspectum sese haberet, Sall. J. 71, 5: super adimendā vitā, Amm. 14, 7, 12.—
   c Over and above, besides, beyond (very rare): modus agri ... hortus ... fons ... Et paulum silvae super his, Hor. S. 2, 6, 3: excogitatum est super his, ut, etc., Amm. 14, 1, 6; Sil. 1, 60.?*! In composition, super denotes,
   1    Above, over, of place: supercerno, supercresco, superdo, superemineo, superemorior, superferc, superfluo, superfugio, superfundo, supergredior, superjacio, superimpono, superincumbo, superinduco, supernato, superpono, supersedeo, supersterno, supersto, supervehor, supervenio, etc.—
   2    Less freq., over and above, besides, in addition: superaddo, superbibo, supersum, superstes, superfio.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

(1) sŭpĕr, ĕra, ĕrum, v. superus : Cato Agr. 149, 1.
(2) sŭper⁷ (ὑπέρ),
    I adv.,
1 en dessus, par-dessus : eo (= in hos capreolos) super tigna injiciunt Cæs. C. 2, 10, 3, là, sur cela (sur ces chevrons) ils jettent par-dessus des solives = là-dessus ils jettent, cf. Virg. En. 9, 168 ; 6, 221, etc. || du dessus, d’en haut : Virg. En. 8, 245 ; Tac. Ann. 6, 35
2 [fig.] a) en plus, au-delà : satis superque vixisse Cic. Tusc. 1, 110, avoir vécu assez et au-delà, assez et même trop ; satis superque rerum Cic. Læl. 45, assez et même trop d’affaires ; super quam satis est Hor. S. 1, 2, 65, plus qu’il n’est suffisant ; b) en outre : super quam quod Liv. 22, 3, 14, outre que, cf. Liv. 27, 20, 10 ; et super Virg. En. 2, 71, et en outre ; ira super Virg. En. 7, 462, la colère en outre || là-dessus : Virg. En. 5, 482 ; c) en plus, de reste : nihil erat super Nep. Alc. 8, 1, il ne restait rien ; quid super sanguinis (esset) Liv. 4, 58, 13, [ils demandaient] qu’est-ce qui restait de sang, cf. Virg. B. 6, 6 ; En. 3, 489.
    II prép.
    A acc.
1 sur, au-dessus de [avec ou sans mouv^t] : super terras tumulum noluit quicquam statui nisi columellam Cic. Leg. 2, 66, il ne voulut pas que sur le tertre on élevât rien d’autre qu’une petite colonne ; super aspidem adsidere Cic. Fin. 2, 59, s’asseoir sur un serpent ; super quas (naves) turrim effectam... opposuit Cæs. C. 3, 39, 2, une tour étant dressée sur les navires, il la plaça en face ; super lateres coria inducuntur Cæs. C. 2, 10, 4, sur les briques on tend du cuir ; scuto super caput elato Liv. 10, 41, 14, avec le bouclier élevé au-dessus de la tête ; stricto super capita gladio Liv. 22, 53, 9, avec l’épée nue sur les têtes || au-dessus, au-delà de [géographiquement] : Sall. J. 19, 5 ; Liv. 28, 8, 11 ; 43, 21, 6, etc. || au-dessus de [sur le lit de table] : Hor. S. 2, 8, 23 ; Curt. 8, 5, 22 ; Suet. Aug. 43
2 [fig.] a) pendant : super cenam Curt. 6, 11, 27, pendant le repas, cf. Curt. 8, 4, 30, etc. ; Plin. Min. Ep. 4, 22, 6 ; 9, 33, 1 ; Suet. Aug. 77 ; Cæs. 87 ; b) en plus de, en sus de, outre : alii super alios Liv. 42, 25, 8, les uns en sus des autres, après les autres [mais alii super alias ruunt Sen. Vita b. 1, 3, ils s’écroulent les uns sur les autres, cf. Lucr. 6, 186 ; Liv. 3, 34, 6 ] ; super dotem Liv. 26, 50, 12, en plus de la dot, cf. Liv. 28, 46, 15 ; c) au-dessus de : super tres modios Liv. 23, 12, 1, plus de trois boisseaux, cf. Liv. 26, 25, 11 ; Tac. G. 33 ; super omnia Virg. En. 8, 303, par-dessus tout, plus que tout, cf. Liv. 31, 18, 3 ; Quint. 12, 9, 12 ; super omnes Plin. Min. Ep. 7, 13, 2, plus que tous les autres, cf. Suet. Vitell. 13 ; d) super armamentarium positus Curt. 6, 7, 22, préposé à l’arsenal.
    B abl.
1 super musculo lateres struuntur Cæs. C. 2, 10, 4, des briques sont disposées sur le mantelet ; super cervice Hor. O. 3, 1, 17, sur la tête, cf. Hor. O. 1, 9, 5 ; 1, 12, 6 ; Epo. 7, 3 ; Virg. B. 1, 80
2 [fig.] a) pendant : nocte super media Virg. En. 9, 61, au milieu de la nuit, ou, d’après Servius, au-delà du milieu, après le milieu de la nuit ; b) sur, au sujet de : super aliqua re scribere Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1, écrire sur un sujet, cf. Cic. Att. 10, 8, 10 ; 14, 22, 2 ; Pl. Amph. 58 ; Cist. 659 ; Aul. 683, etc.; Sall. J. 71, 5 ; Nep. Paus. 4, 1 ; Litteras super tanta re expectare Liv. 26, 15, 5 ; cura super tali re principum laudata est, 40, 46, 15 ; c) en plus de : super his Hor. S. 2, 6, 3, en plus de cela. super après son régime : Lucr. 6, 1256 ; 1258 ; Virg. B. 1, 80 ; Tac. Ann. 16, 35 ; H. 3, 19.