οἶδα: Difference between revisions

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ἀλωπεκίζω πρὸς ἑτέραν ἀλώπεκα → Greek meets Greek | with the fox, be a fox

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|Transliteration C=oida
|Transliteration C=oida
|Beta Code=oi)=da
|Beta Code=oi)=da
|Definition=<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> pf. morphology, <b class="b3">οἶδα</b> I <b class="b2">know</b>, used as pres.: plpf. <b class="b3">ᾔδεα</b> (v. infr.), I <b class="b2">knew</b>, used as impf.:—pf. <b class="b3">οἶδα</b>, Aeol. ὄϊδα <span class="bibl">Alc. 145</span>; 2sg. <b class="b3">οἶδας</b> once in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.1.337</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>456</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.491</span>, <span class="bibl">Hippon.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>67</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>780</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.44.3</span> codd.; <b class="b3">οἶσθα</b> elsewh. in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sts. οἶσθας <span class="bibl">Cratin.105</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.15.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.348.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Herod.2.55</span>; pl., <b class="b3">ἴσμεν</b>, Ep., Aeol., and Dor. <b class="b3">ἴδμεν</b>, also Ion., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς</b>- <span class="bibl">Od.2.211</span>, al., but ῑς- ib.<span class="bibl">283</span>, al.]; οἴδαμεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.17</span>, οἴδατε <span class="title">AP</span>12.81 (Mel.), οἴδᾱσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.43</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span> 20.14</span> codd.; dual, οἴδατον <span class="bibl">Socr.<span class="title">Ep.</span>22.1</span>: imper. <b class="b3">ἴσθι, ἴστω</b>, Boeot. <b class="b3">ἴττω</b>, late ἰδέτω <span class="bibl">Phalar.<span class="title">Ep.</span>122</span> codd.: from 3pl. <b class="b3">ἴσασι</b> (ἴσαντι <span class="bibl">Epich. 53</span>) were formed Dor. 1sg. ἴσᾱμι <span class="bibl">Epich.254</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.248</span>; 3sg. ἴσατι <span class="title">IG</span>14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.14</span>, <b class="b3">ἴσαμες</b> prob. in <span class="title">Dialex.</span> 6.12; Cret. 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι <span class="title">GDI</span>5024; inf. <b class="b3">ϝισάμην</b> Kohler-Ziebarth <b class="b2">Stadtrecht von Gortyn</b> 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>175.19</span>, dat. sg. ἴσαντι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.29</span>, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες <span class="title">GDI</span>5024: subj. <b class="b3">εἰδῶ</b> (<b class="b3">εἰδέω, ἰδέω</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.236</span>), Ion. 3pl. εἰδέωσι <span class="title">SIG</span>45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also εἴδω <span class="bibl">Od.1.174</span>, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.131</span>), εἴδομεν <span class="bibl">Il.1.363</span>, εἴδετε <span class="bibl">Od.9.17</span>: opt. <b class="b3">εἰδείην</b>, 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>190b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>582a</span>: inf. <b class="b3">εἰδέναι</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν</b>, also ἰδέμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.25</span>: part. <b class="b3">εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα</b>, Ep. also <b class="b3">ἰδυῖα</b>, Elean ϝειζώς <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 409:—plpf. ᾔδεα <span class="bibl">Il.14.71</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.150</span>, contr. ᾔδη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>18</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 511</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>199a</span>, ᾔδησθα <span class="bibl">Od.19.93</span>, <span class="bibl">Eup. 416</span>, etc. (but <b class="b3">ᾔδεισθα</b> freq. in codd., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>551</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>108</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 80d</span>, al.), <b class="b3">ᾔδεε</b> (ν) <span class="bibl">Il.17.402</span>, al., ᾔδη <span class="bibl">1.70</span>, al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.86</span>), Att. contr. <b class="b3">ᾔδει</b> (ν) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1187</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>558</span>, etc.; Ep. <span class="bibl">2</span> and 3sg. <b class="b3">ἠείδης, ἠείδη</b> (v.l. -εις, - ει), <span class="bibl">Il.22.280</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.206</span>; Att. also 1sg. ᾔδειν <span class="bibl">D.37.24</span>, 2sg. ᾔδεις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>554</span>, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>87b40</span>, ᾔδεμεν <span class="bibl">Men.14D.</span> (to be read in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1232</span>), ᾔδειτε <span class="bibl">D.55.9</span>, etc. (<b class="b3">ᾔδετε</b> prob. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 1345</span>), Ion. ᾐδέατε <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.58</span> (συν-), ᾔδεισαν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>42.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.15.3.23</span>, ᾔδεσαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.175</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.54</span>, etc.; late Ep. <b class="b3">ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν</b>, <span class="bibl">A.R.2.65</span>,<span class="bibl">4.1700</span>, also <b class="b3">ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>149.4</span> (prob.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>340</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Cyc.</span>231</span>, etc.; Ep. 3pl. ἴσαν <span class="bibl">Il.18.405</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.772</span>:—fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.548</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>332</span>, etc.; also εἰδήσω <span class="bibl">Od.7.327</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.234</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>108a28</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.5.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Praef.</span>, etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν <span class="bibl">Od.6.257</span>.—The aor. and pf. are usu. supplied by <b class="b3">γιγνώσκω</b>; aor. 1 inf. <b class="b3">εἰδῆσαι</b> is found in Hp.<b class="b2">Acut.(Sp</b>.) 22, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>6.8.25</span> (<b class="b3">ἐξ</b>-), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1156b27</span>, Thphr.<span class="title">Char. Prooem.</span>4; imper. εἴδησον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>36.2</span> (iii B.C.); 3pl. subj. <b class="b3">εἰδήσωσιν</b> Herzog <b class="b2">Koische Forschungen</b> No.<span class="bibl">190</span> (ii/i B.C.):—<b class="b2">know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with</b>, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα <span class="bibl">Il.1.70</span>; <b class="b3">νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.122</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.363</span>, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα <span class="bibl">Od.4.551</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>365e</span>, <span class="bibl">D.54.34</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν</b> the first we <b class="b2">know of</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν <span class="bibl">Th.1.4</span>: strengthd. by <b class="b3">εὖ</b> or <b class="b3">σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι</b> <b class="b2">know</b> well, <b class="b2">be assured</b> of this, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>593</span>; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>740</span>, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, <b class="b3">ἄγρια οἶδε</b> <b class="b2">has</b> fierceness <b class="b2">in his heart</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.24.41</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη</b> <b class="b2">had</b> law lessness <b class="b2">in his heart</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.189</span>; <b class="b3">αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη</b>, <span class="bibl">14.433</span>, <span class="bibl">19.248</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη</b> if he <b class="b2">were</b> kindly <b class="b2">disposed</b> towards me, <span class="bibl">Il.16.73</span>; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν <span class="bibl">Od.3.277</span>; <b class="b3">κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς</b>, <span class="bibl">8.584</span>, <span class="bibl">24.442</span>: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων <span class="bibl">Il. 12.229</span>; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης <span class="bibl">15.412</span>; <b class="b3">τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς</b> <b class="b2">cunning with</b> the bow, <span class="bibl">2.718</span>; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. <span class="bibl">15.525</span>; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς <span class="bibl">Od.1.202</span>; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων <span class="bibl">5.250</span>; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης <span class="bibl">Il.2.823</span>; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης <span class="bibl">10.360</span>; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς <span class="bibl">11.710</span>; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης <span class="bibl">23.665</span>; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς <span class="bibl">6.438</span>; <b class="b3">χάριν εἰδέναι τινί</b> <b class="b2">acknowledge</b> a debt to another, <b class="b2">thank</b> him, <span class="bibl">14.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.21</span>, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, <b class="b3">ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός</b> <b class="b2">be</b> Zeus <b class="b2">my witness</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.10.329</span>; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα <span class="bibl">15.36</span>, etc.; Boeot. <b class="b3">ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς</b> etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>860</span>, etc.: part. <b class="b3">εἰδώς</b>, abs., <b class="b2">one who knows, one acquainted with the fact</b>, ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω <span class="bibl">Il.1.365</span>; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν <span class="bibl">10.250</span>; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν <span class="bibl">Th.2.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.53</span>; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>337d</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι</b> with <b class="b2">knowing</b> mind, <span class="bibl">Il.1.608</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., <b class="b2">know how</b> to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν <span class="bibl">7.238</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1010</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>376</span>; also, <b class="b2">to be in a condition, be able, have the power</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>664</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.40</span>; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex. Trall.<span class="title">Febr.</span>6; of a festival, <b class="b3">οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν</b> Chor.p.124 B.; <b class="b2">learn</b>, ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>729</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. part., <b class="b2">to know that</b> such and such <b class="b2">is</b> the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, <b class="b3">ἴσθι μοι δώσων</b> <b class="b2">know that</b> thou wilt give, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1670</span>; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.76</span>; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>397</span>: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>234</span>; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>: with part. omitted, <b class="b3">γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὄντα</b>) <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>7.226a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους . . ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>337</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1329</span>; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον . . ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.44</span>; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>431</span>; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1005</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> c. acc. folld. by <b class="b3">ὡς, ὅτι</b>, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>332</span>; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 323b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ</b> . . I <b class="b2">know</b> not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Alc.</span>48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.45.7</span>: with Verb omitted after <b class="b3">εἰ</b>, as <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος</b> <b class="b2">perhaps</b> no other, <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.1</span>, <span class="bibl">12.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως</b> I <b class="b2">know</b> not how, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>40c</span>b; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>396d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">οἶδα, ἴσθι</b> are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>948</span>; <b class="b3">σάφ' οἶδα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">94</span>,<span class="bibl">963</span>; also <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">πάρειμι</b>) I <b class="b2">know it well</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 276</span>; <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι</b>, freq. in D., as <span class="bibl">9.1</span>, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>889</span>:—<b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς</b>, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον</b>; do—thou <b class="b2">know'st</b> what, i.e. make haste and do, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1158</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1051</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>543</span>; also <b class="b3">οἶσθ' . . ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>75</span>; <b class="b3">οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1203</span>: rarely with the fut., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις</b> (nisileg. <b class="b3">δρᾶσον</b>); <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>131</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>600</span> codd.</span>
|Definition=<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> pf. morphology, <b class="b3">οἶδα</b> I <b class="b2">know</b>, used as pres.: plpf. <b class="b3">ᾔδεα</b> (v. infr.), I <b class="b2">knew</b>, used as impf.:—pf. <b class="b3">οἶδα</b>, Aeol. ὄϊδα <span class="bibl">Alc. 145</span>; 2sg. <b class="b3">οἶδας</b> once in Hom., <span class="bibl">Od.1.337</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>456</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.491</span>, <span class="bibl">Hippon.89</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>67</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>780</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.44.3</span> codd.; <b class="b3">οἶσθα</b> elsewh. in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sts. οἶσθας <span class="bibl">Cratin.105</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.15.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.348.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Herod.2.55</span>; pl., <b class="b3">ἴσμεν</b>, Ep., Aeol., and Dor. <b class="b3">ἴδμεν</b>, also Ion., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς</b>- <span class="bibl">Od.2.211</span>, al., but ῑς- ib.<span class="bibl">283</span>, al.]; οἴδαμεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.17</span>, οἴδατε <span class="title">AP</span>12.81 (Mel.), οἴδᾱσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.43</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span> 20.14</span> codd.; dual, οἴδατον <span class="bibl">Socr.<span class="title">Ep.</span>22.1</span>: imper. <b class="b3">ἴσθι, ἴστω</b>, Boeot. <b class="b3">ἴττω</b>, late ἰδέτω <span class="bibl">Phalar.<span class="title">Ep.</span>122</span> codd.: from 3pl. <b class="b3">ἴσασι</b> (ἴσαντι <span class="bibl">Epich. 53</span>) were formed Dor. 1sg. ἴσᾱμι <span class="bibl">Epich.254</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.248</span>; 3sg. ἴσατι <span class="title">IG</span>14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.14</span>, <b class="b3">ἴσαμες</b> prob. in <span class="title">Dialex.</span> 6.12; Cret. 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι <span class="title">GDI</span>5024; inf. <b class="b3">ϝισάμην</b> Kohler-Ziebarth <b class="b2">Stadtrecht von Gortyn</b> 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>175.19</span>, dat. sg. ἴσαντι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.29</span>, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες <span class="title">GDI</span>5024: subj. <b class="b3">εἰδῶ</b> (<b class="b3">εἰδέω, ἰδέω</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.14.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.236</span>), Ion. 3pl. εἰδέωσι <span class="title">SIG</span>45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also εἴδω <span class="bibl">Od.1.174</span>, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.131</span>), εἴδομεν <span class="bibl">Il.1.363</span>, εἴδετε <span class="bibl">Od.9.17</span>: opt. <b class="b3">εἰδείην</b>, 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>190b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>582a</span>: inf. <b class="b3">εἰδέναι</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν</b>, also ἰδέμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.25</span>: part. <b class="b3">εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα</b>, Ep. also <b class="b3">ἰδυῖα</b>, Elean ϝειζώς <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 409:—plpf. ᾔδεα <span class="bibl">Il.14.71</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.150</span>, contr. ᾔδη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>18</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 511</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>199a</span>, ᾔδησθα <span class="bibl">Od.19.93</span>, <span class="bibl">Eup. 416</span>, etc. (but <b class="b3">ᾔδεισθα</b> freq. in codd., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>551</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>108</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span> 80d</span>, al.), <b class="b3">ᾔδεε</b> (ν) <span class="bibl">Il.17.402</span>, al., ᾔδη <span class="bibl">1.70</span>, al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.86</span>), Att. contr. <b class="b3">ᾔδει</b> (ν) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1187</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>558</span>, etc.; Ep. <span class="bibl">2</span> and 3sg. <b class="b3">ἠείδης, ἠείδη</b> (v.l. -εις, - ει), <span class="bibl">Il.22.280</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.206</span>; Att. also 1sg. ᾔδειν <span class="bibl">D.37.24</span>, 2sg. ᾔδεις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>554</span>, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>87b40</span>, ᾔδεμεν <span class="bibl">Men.14D.</span> (to be read in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1232</span>), ᾔδειτε <span class="bibl">D.55.9</span>, etc. (<b class="b3">ᾔδετε</b> prob. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 1345</span>), Ion. ᾐδέατε <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.58</span> (συν-), ᾔδεισαν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>42.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.15.3.23</span>, ᾔδεσαν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.175</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.54</span>, etc.; late Ep. <b class="b3">ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν</b>, <span class="bibl">A.R.2.65</span>,<span class="bibl">4.1700</span>, also <b class="b3">ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>149.4</span> (prob.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>340</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Cyc.</span>231</span>, etc.; Ep. 3pl. ἴσαν <span class="bibl">Il.18.405</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.772</span>:—fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.1.548</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>20</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>332</span>, etc.; also εἰδήσω <span class="bibl">Od.7.327</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.234</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Top.</span>108a28</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.5.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Praef.</span>, etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν <span class="bibl">Od.6.257</span>.—The aor. and pf. are usu. supplied by <b class="b3">γιγνώσκω</b>; aor. 1 inf. <b class="b3">εἰδῆσαι</b> is found in Hp.<b class="b2">Acut.(Sp</b>.) 22, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>6.8.25</span> (<b class="b3">ἐξ</b>-), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1156b27</span>, Thphr.<span class="title">Char. Prooem.</span>4; imper. εἴδησον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>36.2</span> (iii B.C.); 3pl. subj. <b class="b3">εἰδήσωσιν</b> Herzog <b class="b2">Koische Forschungen</b> No.<span class="bibl">190</span> (ii/i B.C.):—<b class="b2">know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with</b>, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα <span class="bibl">Il.1.70</span>; <b class="b3">νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.122</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.363</span>, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα <span class="bibl">Od.4.551</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>365e</span>, <span class="bibl">D.54.34</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν</b> the first we <b class="b2">know of</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.6</span>, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν <span class="bibl">Th.1.4</span>: strengthd. by <b class="b3">εὖ</b> or <b class="b3">σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι</b> <b class="b2">know</b> well, <b class="b2">be assured</b> of this, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>593</span>; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>740</span>, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, <b class="b3">ἄγρια οἶδε</b> <b class="b2">has</b> fierceness <b class="b2">in his heart</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.24.41</span>; <b class="b3">ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη</b> <b class="b2">had</b> law lessness <b class="b2">in his heart</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.189</span>; <b class="b3">αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη</b>, <span class="bibl">14.433</span>, <span class="bibl">19.248</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη</b> if he <b class="b2">were</b> kindly <b class="b2">disposed</b> towards me, <span class="bibl">Il.16.73</span>; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν <span class="bibl">Od.3.277</span>; <b class="b3">κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς</b>, <span class="bibl">8.584</span>, <span class="bibl">24.442</span>: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων <span class="bibl">Il. 12.229</span>; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης <span class="bibl">15.412</span>; <b class="b3">τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς</b> <b class="b2">cunning with</b> the bow, <span class="bibl">2.718</span>; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. <span class="bibl">15.525</span>; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς <span class="bibl">Od.1.202</span>; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων <span class="bibl">5.250</span>; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης <span class="bibl">Il.2.823</span>; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης <span class="bibl">10.360</span>; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς <span class="bibl">11.710</span>; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης <span class="bibl">23.665</span>; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς <span class="bibl">6.438</span>; <b class="b3">χάριν εἰδέναι τινί</b> <b class="b2">acknowledge</b> a debt to another, <b class="b2">thank</b> him, <span class="bibl">14.235</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.21</span>, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, <b class="b3">ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός</b> <b class="b2">be</b> Zeus <b class="b2">my witness</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.10.329</span>; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα <span class="bibl">15.36</span>, etc.; Boeot. <b class="b3">ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς</b> etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>860</span>, etc.: part. <b class="b3">εἰδώς</b>, abs., <b class="b2">one who knows, one acquainted with the fact</b>, ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω <span class="bibl">Il.1.365</span>; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν <span class="bibl">10.250</span>; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν <span class="bibl">Th.2.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.53</span>; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>337d</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι</b> with <b class="b2">knowing</b> mind, <span class="bibl">Il.1.608</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., <b class="b2">know how</b> to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν <span class="bibl">7.238</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1010</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>376</span>; also, <b class="b2">to be in a condition, be able, have the power</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>664</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.40</span>; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex. Trall.<span class="title">Febr.</span>6; of a festival, <b class="b3">οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν</b> Chor.p.124 B.; <b class="b2">learn</b>, ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>729</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. part., <b class="b2">to know that</b> such and such <b class="b2">is</b> the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, <b class="b3">ἴσθι μοι δώσων</b> <b class="b2">know that</b> thou wilt give, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1670</span>; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.76</span>; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>397</span>: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>234</span>; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα <span class="bibl">Th.1.69</span>: with part. omitted, <b class="b3">γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὄντα</b>) <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>7.226a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους… ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>337</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1329</span>; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον… ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.44</span>; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>431</span>; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1005</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> c. acc. folld. by <b class="b3">ὡς, ὅτι</b>, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>332</span>; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 323b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ</b>I <b class="b2">know</b> not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Alc.</span>48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.45.7</span>: with Verb omitted after <b class="b3">εἰ</b>, as <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος</b> <b class="b2">perhaps</b> no other, <span class="bibl">Isoc.6.1</span>, <span class="bibl">12.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως</b> I <b class="b2">know</b> not how, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>40c</span>b; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>396d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">οἶδα, ἴσθι</b> are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>948</span>; <b class="b3">σάφ' οἶδα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">94</span>,<span class="bibl">963</span>; also <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">πάρειμι</b>) I <b class="b2">know it well</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 276</span>; <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι</b>, freq. in D., as <span class="bibl">9.1</span>, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>889</span>:—<b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς</b>, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον</b>; do—thou <b class="b2">know'st</b> what, i.e. make haste and do, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1158</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1051</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>543</span>; also <b class="b3">οἶσθ'ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>75</span>; <b class="b3">οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1203</span>: rarely with the fut., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις</b> (nisileg. <b class="b3">δρᾶσον</b>); <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>131</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>600</span> codd.</span>
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|sltr=[[οἶδα]] (οιλτ;γτ;δ(α), [[οἶσθα]], [[οἶδε]](ν); [[εἰδείην]]; [[ἴσθι]], [[ἴστω]], ἴστ(ε); [[εἰδώς]], -ότι, -ότες, [[ἰδυῖα]] coni.: [[also]] ᾰσᾶμι, ᾰςᾰμεν; ᾰσάντι: <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> ϝει- (O. 2.86), ϝι- (P. 3.29), ϝοι- (N. 4.43) ) [[know]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> abs./c. acc. εἰ δὲ [[τις]] οἶδεν τὸ μέλλον (O. 2.56) σοφὸς ὁ πολλὰ εἰδὼς φυᾷ (O. 2.86) τὸ διδάξασθαι δέ [[τοι]] εἰδότι ῥᾴτερον (O. 8.60) [[ἴσθι]] [[νῦν]], Ἀρχεστράτου παῖ, κελαδήσω (O. 11.11) πάντα ἰσάντι νόῳ (P. 3.29) “ἀλλὰ τούτων μὲν κεφάλαια λόγων [[ἴστε]]” (P. 4.117) “εἰδότι [[τοι]] [[ἐρέω]]” (P. 4.142) καί τινα οἶμον ἴσαμᾰ βραχύν (P. 4.248) “κύριον ὃς πάντων [[τέλος]] [[οἶσθα]] καὶ πάσας κελεύθους” (P. 9.45) [[ἴσθι]], γλυκεῖάν [[τοι]] Μενάνδρου σὺν τύχᾳ μόχθων ἀμοιβὰν ἐπαύρεο (N. 5.48) ἔργοις δὲ καλοῖς [[ἔσοπτρον]] ἴσαμεν ἑνὶ σὺν τρόπῳ (N. 7.14) [[ἴστε]] μὰν Κλεωνύμου [[δόξαν]] παλαιὰν ἅρμασιν (I. 3.15) [[ἴστε]] μὰν Αἴαντος ἀλκάν (I. 4.35) ἀλλὰ παρθένοι [[γάρ]], ἴσθ' [[ὅτι]], Μοῖσαι, πάντα (i. e. [[ὅτι]] [[ἴστε]]) Πα. . . ε]ἰδότες οἵαν Βρομίου [τελε]τὰν ἵσταντι Δ. 2. . ]τ' ἴσθ ἐνειπ[ Δ. 4. b. 2. ][[Ζεὺς]] οἶδ' Παρθ. 2. 33. [[οἶδε]] μὲν βίου τελευτάν, οἶδεν δὲ διόσδοτον ἀρχάν fr. 137. 1—2. ὢ [[πόποι]], ο ἀπατᾶται φροντὶς ἐπαμερίων [[οὐκ]] [[ἰδυῖα]] (Boeckh: εἰδυῖα codd.) fr. 182.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> c. [[part]]. [[ἴστω]] γὰρ ἐν [[τούτῳ]] πεδίλῳ [[δαιμόνιον]] πόδ' ἔχων Σωστράτου [[υἱός]] (O. 6.8) μανθάνων [[οἶσθα]] προτέρων (P. 3.80) [[ἴστω]] λαχὼν πρὸς δαιμόνων θαυμαστὸν ὄλβον (N. 9.45) [[ἴστω]] γὰρ σαφὲς ἀστῶν γενεᾷ μέγιστον [[κλέος]] αὔξων (I. 7.27) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> c. inf., [[know]] [[how]] to ὡς μὰν σαφὲς [[οὐκ]] ἂν [[εἰδείην]] λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν (O. 13.46) ἐλαφρὸν ὄρχημ' [[οἶδα]] ποδῶν μειγνύμεν (ἀοιδᾷ coni. Bergk) *fr. 107b. 1.*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> c. [[ὅτι]] &amp; ind. εὖ οἶδ' [[ὅτι]] [[χρόνος]] ἕρπων πεπρωμέναν τελέσει (N. 4.43) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> c. indir. [[quest]]. [[καίπερ]] ἐφαμερίαν [[οὐκ]] εἰδότες οὐδὲ [[μετὰ]] νύκτας [[ἄμμε]] [[πότμος]] ἅντιν' ἔγραψε [[δραμεῖν]] [[ποτὶ]] στάθμαν (N. 6.6)
|sltr=[[οἶδα]] (οιλτ;γτ;δ(α), [[οἶσθα]], [[οἶδε]](ν); [[εἰδείην]]; [[ἴσθι]], [[ἴστω]], ἴστ(ε); [[εἰδώς]], -ότι, -ότες, [[ἰδυῖα]] coni.: [[also]] ᾰσᾶμι, ᾰςᾰμεν; ᾰσάντι: <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> ϝει- (O. 2.86), ϝι- (P. 3.29), ϝοι- (N. 4.43) ) [[know]] <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> abs./c. acc. εἰ δὲ [[τις]] οἶδεν τὸ μέλλον (O. 2.56) σοφὸς ὁ πολλὰ εἰδὼς φυᾷ (O. 2.86) τὸ διδάξασθαι δέ [[τοι]] εἰδότι ῥᾴτερον (O. 8.60) [[ἴσθι]] [[νῦν]], Ἀρχεστράτου παῖ, κελαδήσω (O. 11.11) πάντα ἰσάντι νόῳ (P. 3.29) “ἀλλὰ τούτων μὲν κεφάλαια λόγων [[ἴστε]]” (P. 4.117) “εἰδότι [[τοι]] [[ἐρέω]]” (P. 4.142) καί τινα οἶμον ἴσαμᾰ βραχύν (P. 4.248) “κύριον ὃς πάντων [[τέλος]] [[οἶσθα]] καὶ πάσας κελεύθους” (P. 9.45) [[ἴσθι]], γλυκεῖάν [[τοι]] Μενάνδρου σὺν τύχᾳ μόχθων ἀμοιβὰν ἐπαύρεο (N. 5.48) ἔργοις δὲ καλοῖς [[ἔσοπτρον]] ἴσαμεν ἑνὶ σὺν τρόπῳ (N. 7.14) [[ἴστε]] μὰν Κλεωνύμου [[δόξαν]] παλαιὰν ἅρμασιν (I. 3.15) [[ἴστε]] μὰν Αἴαντος ἀλκάν (I. 4.35) ἀλλὰ παρθένοι [[γάρ]], ἴσθ' [[ὅτι]], Μοῖσαι, πάντα (i. e. [[ὅτι]] [[ἴστε]]) Πα.ε]ἰδότες οἵαν Βρομίου [τελε]τὰν ἵσταντι Δ. 2. . ]τ' ἴσθ ἐνειπ[ Δ. 4. b. 2. ][[Ζεὺς]] οἶδ' Παρθ. 2. 33. [[οἶδε]] μὲν βίου τελευτάν, οἶδεν δὲ διόσδοτον ἀρχάν fr. 137. 1—2. ὢ [[πόποι]], ο ἀπατᾶται φροντὶς ἐπαμερίων [[οὐκ]] [[ἰδυῖα]] (Boeckh: εἰδυῖα codd.) fr. 182.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> c. [[part]]. [[ἴστω]] γὰρ ἐν [[τούτῳ]] πεδίλῳ [[δαιμόνιον]] πόδ' ἔχων Σωστράτου [[υἱός]] (O. 6.8) μανθάνων [[οἶσθα]] προτέρων (P. 3.80) [[ἴστω]] λαχὼν πρὸς δαιμόνων θαυμαστὸν ὄλβον (N. 9.45) [[ἴστω]] γὰρ σαφὲς ἀστῶν γενεᾷ μέγιστον [[κλέος]] αὔξων (I. 7.27) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> c. inf., [[know]] [[how]] to ὡς μὰν σαφὲς [[οὐκ]] ἂν [[εἰδείην]] λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν (O. 13.46) ἐλαφρὸν ὄρχημ' [[οἶδα]] ποδῶν μειγνύμεν (ἀοιδᾷ coni. Bergk) *fr. 107b. 1.*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> c. [[ὅτι]] &amp; ind. εὖ οἶδ' [[ὅτι]] [[χρόνος]] ἕρπων πεπρωμέναν τελέσει (N. 4.43) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> c. indir. [[quest]]. [[καίπερ]] ἐφαμερίαν [[οὐκ]] εἰδότες οὐδὲ [[μετὰ]] νύκτας [[ἄμμε]] [[πότμος]] ἅντιν' ἔγραψε [[δραμεῖν]] [[ποτὶ]] στάθμαν (N. 6.6)
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Revision as of 12:00, 26 February 2019

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Full diacritics: οἶδα Medium diacritics: οἶδα Low diacritics: οίδα Capitals: ΟΙΔΑ
Transliteration A: oîda Transliteration B: oida Transliteration C: oida Beta Code: oi)=da

English (LSJ)

   A pf. morphology, οἶδα I know, used as pres.: plpf. ᾔδεα (v. infr.), I knew, used as impf.:—pf. οἶδα, Aeol. ὄϊδα Alc. 145; 2sg. οἶδας once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. h.Merc.456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.Acut.67, E.Alc.780, Philem.44.3 codd.; οἶσθα elsewh. in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sts. οἶσθας Cratin.105, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., ἴσμεν, Ep., Aeol., and Dor. ἴδμεν, also Ion., Hdt.1.6, al.; ἴστε, ἴσασι [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib.283, al.]; οἴδαμεν Hdt.2.17, οἴδατε AP12.81 (Mel.), οἴδᾱσι Hdt.2.43, X.Oec. 20.14 codd.; dual, οἴδατον Socr.Ep.22.1: imper. ἴσθι, ἴστω, Boeot. ἴττω, late ἰδέτω Phalar.Ep.122 codd.: from 3pl. ἴσασι (ἴσαντι Epich. 53) were formed Dor. 1sg. ἴσᾱμι Epich.254, Pi.P.4.248; 3sg. ἴσατι IG14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν Pi.N.7.14, ἴσαμες prob. in Dialex. 6.12; Cret. 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι GDI5024; inf. ϝισάμην Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας A.D.Adv.175.19, dat. sg. ἴσαντι Pi.P.3.29, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες GDI5024: subj. εἰδῶ (εἰδέω, ἰδέω, Il.14.235, Od.16.236), Ion. 3pl. εἰδέωσι SIG45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also εἴδω Od.1.174, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131), εἴδομεν Il.1.363, εἴδετε Od.9.17: opt. εἰδείην, 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν Pl.La.190b, R.582a: inf. εἰδέναι, Ep. ἴδμεναι, ἴδμεν, also ἰδέμεν Pi.N.7.25: part. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, Ep. also ἰδυῖα, Elean ϝειζώς Schwyzer 409:—plpf. ᾔδεα Il.14.71, Hdt.2.150, contr. ᾔδη S.Ant.18, Ar.Av. 511, Pl.Smp.199a, ᾔδησθα Od.19.93, Eup. 416, etc. (but ᾔδεισθα freq. in codd., Ar.Ec.551, E.Cyc.108, Pl.Men. 80d, al.), ᾔδεε (ν) Il.17.402, al., ᾔδη 1.70, al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.in Theod.2.86), Att. contr. ᾔδει (ν) E.Ion1187, Ar.V.558, etc.; Ep. 2 and 3sg. ἠείδης, ἠείδη (v.l. -εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; Att. also 1sg. ᾔδειν D.37.24, 2sg. ᾔδεις Ar.Th.554, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82, Arist.APo.87b40, ᾔδεμεν Men.14D. (to be read in S.OT1232), ᾔδειτε D.55.9, etc. (ᾔδετε prob. in E.Ba. 1345), Ion. ᾐδέατε Hdt.9.58 (συν-), ᾔδεισαν LXX Ge.42.23, Str.15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν Hdt.7.175, Thgn.54, etc.; late Ep. ᾔδειν, ἠείδειν, A.R.2.65,4.1700, also ᾖσμεν, ᾖστε, ᾖσαν, Ar.Fr.149.4 (prob.), S.Fr.340, E. Cyc.231, etc.; Ep. 3pl. ἴσαν Il.18.405, Od.4.772:—fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι Il.1.548, Hp.VM20, Ar.Ach.332, etc.; also εἰδήσω Od.7.327, Hdt.7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.Top.108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.Con.1 Praef., etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257.—The aor. and pf. are usu. supplied by γιγνώσκω; aor. 1 inf. εἰδῆσαι is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, Epid.6.8.25 (ἐξ-), Arist.EN1156b27, Thphr.Char. Prooem.4; imper. εἴδησον PCair.Zen.36.2 (iii B.C.); 3pl. subj. εἰδήσωσιν Herzog Koische Forschungen No.190 (ii/i B.C.):—know, have knowledge of, be acquainted with, Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70; νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551, cf. Pl.R.365e, D.54.34, etc.; πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν the first we know of, Hdt.1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4: strengthd. by εὖ or σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι know well, be assured of this, E.Med.593; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.Supp.740, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to express character or disposition, ἄγρια οἶδε has fierceness in his heart, Il.24.41; ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη had law lessness in his heart, Od.9.189; αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη, 14.433, 19.248; εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη if he were kindly disposed towards me, Il.16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277; κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412; τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς cunning with the bow, 2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, 14.235, Hdt.3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in protestations, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36, etc.; Boeot. ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς etc., Ar.Ach.860, etc.: part. εἰδώς, abs., one who knows, one acquainted with the fact, ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36, cf. 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος Pl.R.337d, etc.; also ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.1.608,al.    2 c. inf., know how to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238, cf. S.Ph.1010, Ar.V.376; also, to be in a condition, be able, have the power, E.Med.664, D.4.40; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex. Trall.Febr.6; of a festival, οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν Chor.p.124 B.; learn, ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι E.Hipp.729.    3 c. part., to know that such and such is the fact, the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, A.Ag.1670; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών Hdt.4.76; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος E.Hec.397: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς A.Ch.234; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα Th.1.69: with part. omitted, γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα (sc. ὄντα) Jul.Or.7.226a.    4 less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους… ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι A.Pers.337, cf. S.Ph.1329; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον… ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι X.Cyr.8.3.44; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν A.Pers.431; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.IA1005.    5 c. acc. folld. by ὡς, ὅτι, etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.El.332; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι Pl.Prt. 323b, etc.    6 οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ… I know not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sts. with ἄν transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. Alc.48, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after εἰ, as οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος perhaps no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.    7 in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως I know not how, Pl.R.40cb; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.Cra.396d.    8 οἶδα, ἴσθι are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ E.Med.948; σάφ' οἶδα ib.94,963; also οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι (sc. πάρειμι) I know it well, S.Ant. 276; οἶδ' ὅτι, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.Pl.889:—οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον; do—thou know'st what, i.e. make haste and do, Ar.Eq.1158, cf. Pax1051, etc.; οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον; S.OT543; also οἶσθ'… ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς; Id.OC75; οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω; E.IT1203: rarely with the fut., οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις (nisileg. δρᾶσον); Id.Cyc.131, cf. Med.600 codd.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

οἶδα: Αἰολ. ὄϊδα Ἀλκαῖ. 141, ἴδε ἐν λ. *εἴδω Β. - ἴδε Κόντου Φιλολ. Ποικίλα ἐν Ἀθηνᾶς τ. Α΄, σ. 117.

French (Bailly abrégé)

οἶσθα, οἶδε, ἴσμεν, ἴστε, ἴσασι, ἴστον, ἴστον;
impér. ἴσθι, sbj. εἰδῶ, opt. εἰδείην, inf. εἰδέναι, part. εἰδώς;
pf.2 de *εἴδω : savoir :
1 être informé de, instruit de, etc. : τι, savoir, connaître qch ; περί τινος, être bien renseigné sur qqn ; ᾔδει βασιλέα ὅτι μέσον ἔχοι τοῦ στρατεύματος XÉN il savait que le roi occupait le centre de l’armée ; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα THC nous savons que le Mède est venu du bout du monde ; ὡς μηδὲν εἰδότ’ ἴσθι μ’ ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς SOPH sache que je ne sais rien de ce que tu racontes ; ἴσθι μοι δώσων ESCHL sache que tu me donneras ; οἶδα κεκτημένος EUR je sais que j’ai gagné, que j’ai, etc. ; dans des loc. nég. οὐκ οἶδ’ ὅπως, ὅπη, etc. je ne sais comment, par quel moyen ; οὐκ οἶδ’ εἰ, je ne sais si ; οὐκ οἶδ ἢ … ἤ IL je ne sais si … ou si ; abs. au part. μετ’ εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν IL ou ἐν εἰδόσιν THC parler au milieu de gens qui savent ; ἴστω νῦν Ζεύς IL en ce moment que Zeus sache, càd en ce moment j’atteste Zeus ; οἶδ’ ὅτι, εὖ οἶδ’ ὅτι, je le sais, litt. je sais, je sais bien que (cela est) ; σάφ’ ἴσθ’ ὅτι AR sache-le bien ; οἶσθ’ ὡς, οἶσθ’ ὅ, avec un impér. οἶσθ’ ὡς ποίησον ; SOPH sais-tu ce que tu as à faire (litt. fais sais-tu quoi ?) ; οἶσθ’ οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον ; EUR sais-tu donc ce que tu as à faire ?;
2 savoir, être habile à ou dans, gén. : εἰδέναι τεράων IL être habile à interpréter les prodiges ; τόξων εὖ εἰδώς IL, οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς OD habile à manier l’arc, à interpréter le vol des oiseaux ; μάχης εὖ εἰδότε πάσης IL ayant tous deux l’expérience de toute sorte de combats ; avec un inf. : savoir, être habile à, etc.
3 être en état de, pouvoir, avec l’inf.;
4 avoir tels ou tels sentiments, avec un acc. pl. neutre : πειτνυμένα, κεχαρισμένα εἰδέναι, etc. HOM être prudent, reconnaissant, etc. ; φίλα εἰδέναι τινί OD avoir des sentiments d’amitié pour qqn : χάριν εἰδέναι τινί IL savoir gré, être reconnaissant à qqn.
Étymologie: v. *εἴδω.

English (Autenrieth)

see εἴδω, II.

English (Slater)

οἶδα (οιλτ;γτ;δ(α), οἶσθα, οἶδε(ν); εἰδείην; ἴσθι, ἴστω, ἴστ(ε); εἰδώς, -ότι, -ότες, ἰδυῖα coni.: also ᾰσᾶμι, ᾰςᾰμεν; ᾰσάντι:
   1 ϝει- (O. 2.86), ϝι- (P. 3.29), ϝοι- (N. 4.43) ) know
   a abs./c. acc. εἰ δὲ τις οἶδεν τὸ μέλλον (O. 2.56) σοφὸς ὁ πολλὰ εἰδὼς φυᾷ (O. 2.86) τὸ διδάξασθαι δέ τοι εἰδότι ῥᾴτερον (O. 8.60) ἴσθι νῦν, Ἀρχεστράτου παῖ, κελαδήσω (O. 11.11) πάντα ἰσάντι νόῳ (P. 3.29) “ἀλλὰ τούτων μὲν κεφάλαια λόγων ἴστε” (P. 4.117) “εἰδότι τοι ἐρέω” (P. 4.142) καί τινα οἶμον ἴσαμᾰ βραχύν (P. 4.248) “κύριον ὃς πάντων τέλος οἶσθα καὶ πάσας κελεύθους” (P. 9.45) ἴσθι, γλυκεῖάν τοι Μενάνδρου σὺν τύχᾳ μόχθων ἀμοιβὰν ἐπαύρεο (N. 5.48) ἔργοις δὲ καλοῖς ἔσοπτρον ἴσαμεν ἑνὶ σὺν τρόπῳ (N. 7.14) ἴστε μὰν Κλεωνύμου δόξαν παλαιὰν ἅρμασιν (I. 3.15) ἴστε μὰν Αἴαντος ἀλκάν (I. 4.35) ἀλλὰ παρθένοι γάρ, ἴσθ' ὅτι, Μοῖσαι, πάντα (i. e. ὅτι ἴστε) Πα.… ε]ἰδότες οἵαν Βρομίου [τελε]τὰν ἵσταντι Δ. 2. . ]τ' ἴσθ ἐνειπ[ Δ. 4. b. 2. ]Ζεὺς οἶδ' Παρθ. 2. 33. οἶδε μὲν βίου τελευτάν, οἶδεν δὲ διόσδοτον ἀρχάν fr. 137. 1—2. ὢ πόποι, ο ἀπατᾶται φροντὶς ἐπαμερίων οὐκ ἰδυῖα (Boeckh: εἰδυῖα codd.) fr. 182.
   b c. part. ἴστω γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ δαιμόνιον πόδ' ἔχων Σωστράτου υἱός (O. 6.8) μανθάνων οἶσθα προτέρων (P. 3.80) ἴστω λαχὼν πρὸς δαιμόνων θαυμαστὸν ὄλβον (N. 9.45) ἴστω γὰρ σαφὲς ἀστῶν γενεᾷ μέγιστον κλέος αὔξων (I. 7.27)
   c c. inf., know how to ὡς μὰν σαφὲς οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν (O. 13.46) ἐλαφρὸν ὄρχημ' οἶδα ποδῶν μειγνύμεν (ἀοιδᾷ coni. Bergk) *fr. 107b. 1.*
   d c. ὅτι & ind. εὖ οἶδ' ὅτι χρόνος ἕρπων πεπρωμέναν τελέσει (N. 4.43)
   e c. indir. quest. καίπερ ἐφαμερίαν οὐκ εἰδότες οὐδὲ μετὰ νύκτας ἄμμε πότμος ἅντιν' ἔγραψε δραμεῖν ποτὶ στάθμαν (N. 6.6)

English (Abbott-Smith)

οἶδα, (from same root as εἶδον, q.v.), [in LXX chiefly for ידע;] pf. with pres. meaning (plpf. as impf.; on irregular tense-forms, v. App.),
to have seen or perceived, hence, to know, have knowledge of: c. acc. rei, Mt 25:13, Mk 10:19, Jo 10:4, Ro 7:7, al.; c. acc. pers., Mt 26:72, Jo 1:31, Ac 3:16, al.; τ. θεόν, I Th 4:5, Tit 1:16, al.; c. acc. et inf., Lk 4:41, al.; seq. ὅτι, Mt 9:6, Lk 20:21, Jo 3:2, Ro 2:2 11:2, al.; seq. quaest. indir., Mt 26:70, Jo 9:21, Eph 1:18, al.; c. inf., to know how (cl.), Mt 7:11, Lk 11:13, Phl 4:12, I Th 4:4, al.; in unique sense of respect, appreciate: I Th 5:12 (but v. also ICC on I Th 4:4).SYN.: v.s. γινώσκω.

Greek Monolingual

(ΑΜ οἶδα, Α αιολ. τ. ὄϊδα)
1. γνωρίζω, ξέρω (α. «ὅς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα», Ομ. Ιλ.
β. «ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφοῡ ἀποθανών», Ηρόδ.)
2. φρ. α) «ἕv οἶδα ὅτι οὐδὲν οἶδα» — ένα πράγμα γνωρίζω, ότι τίποτε δεν γνωρίζω
β) «οὐκ οἴδασι τί ποιοῡσι» — δεν ξέρουν τί κάνουν
γ) «οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνθρωπον» — δεν τον γνωρίζω καθόλου, δεν μπορώ να πω κάτι γι' αυτόν
νεοελλ.
φρ. α) «τίς οίδε;» — ποιος ξέρει, είναι άγνωστο
β) «Κύριος οίδε» — ο Θεός μόνο γνωρίζει
μσν.-αρχ.
αναγνωρίζω κάτι ως αποδεκτό, αποδέχομαι
αρχ.
1. συχνά στον Όμ. με επίθ. πληθ. ουδ. γένους, όπως πεπνυμένα, κεχαρισμένα, φίλα, ἄρτια, ἤπια, κεδνά, ἀθεμίστια, για δήλωση χαρακτήρα ή διάθεσης («εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη», Ομ. Ιλ.)
2. μπορώ, έχω την δύναμη, είμαι ικανός να πράξω κάτικάλλιον οὐδεὶς οἶδε προσφωνεῑν φίλους», Ευρ.)
3. μαθαίνω («ἵν' εἰδη μὴ πὶ τοῑς ἐμοῑς κακοῑς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι, Ευρ.)
4. παρατηρώ
5. (το αρσ. της μτχ.) εἰδώς
γνώστης, ειδήμων («τόξων εὖ εἰδώς», Ομ. Ιλ.)
6. φρ. α) «χάριν οἶδά τινι» — χρωστώ ευγνωμοσύνη σε κάποιον, είμαι ευγνώμων
β) (καθ' έλξη με γεν. πληθ. της αναφ. αντων. ὄς, στις φρ.) «ὧν ἴσμεν» ή «ὧν ἴδμεν» — καθ' όσον γνωρίζουμε, από όσα γνωρίζουμε («πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῑς ἴδμεν», Ηρόδ.)
γ) (προστ.) «ἴστω»
(σε επίκληση) ας γνωρίζει, ας είναι μάρτυρας
δ) «οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ» — δεν γνωρίζω κατά πόσον
ε) «οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος» — ίσως κανένας άλλος
στ) «οἶδ' ὅτι» και «ἴσθ' οτι» και «εὖ οἶδα ὅτι»
(ελλειπτικώς) (ως επίρρ.) το ξέρω αυτό, βεβαίως, ασφαλώς, βεβαιότατα.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Παρακμ. με σημ. ενεστ. του ρήματος εἴδω / εἴδομαι «βλέπω, παρατηρώ». Ανάγεται στην ετεροιωμένη βαθμίδα woid- της ΙΕ ρίζας weid- με σημ. «βλέπω» (πρβλ. εἴδον < έ-Fıδ-, αορ. β' του ὁρῶ από τη μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα της ρίζας), αλλά και «γνωρίζω, ξέρω». Η δεύτερη σημ. της ρίζας προέκυψε ακριβώς από τον παρακμ. οἶδα «έχω δει», άρα «γνωρίζω, ξέρω». Στην απαθή βαθμίδα της ρίζας ανάγονται ο ενεστ. εἴδω και η λ. εἶδος, ενώ στη μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα, εκτός από τον αόρ. εἶδον, τα παράγωγα του οἶδα: ἵστωρ(> ιστορία), ἴδρις, το ρ. ἰνδάλλομαι και το ουσ. νῆις. To (F)oĩδa αντιστοιχεί ακριβώς με το αρχ. ινδ. veda, το β' εν. οἶσθα με αρχ. ινδ. vettha, ενώ το α' πληθ. ἴδμεν με αρχ. ινδ. vidma. To ρ. επίσης συνδέεται με γοτθ. wait (πρβλ. αγγλ. wise «σοφός»), αρχ. σλαβ. vede και λατ. vidi, ενεργ. παρακμ. του video. Στη Λατινική, εξάλλου, μαρτυρείται τ. ενεστ. video «βλέπω», που ανάγεται στη μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα τή ρίζας, τ. που δεν μαρτυρείται στην Ελληνική. Η κλίση του οἶδα στην αττική διάλεκτο εμφανίζει μεγάλη μεταπτωτική ποικιλία ανά αριθμό και έγκλιση. Το β' εν. της ορστ. οἶσθα < Foiδ-θα < woid-tha (πρβλ. ἦσθα, β' εν. του εἰμί) και το γ' εν. οἶδε σχηματίστηκαν από την ετεροιωμένη βαθμίδα, ενώ ο πληθ. της ορστ., ἴσμεν, ἴστε, ἴσασι, από τη μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα (ιδ-). To β' πληθ. ἴστε προέρχεται φωνητικά από Fιδ-τε, ενώ το α' πληθ. ἴσμεν και το γ' πληθ. ἴσασι έχουν -σ- κατ' αναλογία προς το β' πληθ. Ο αναμενόμενος πάντως τ. α' πληθ. ἴδμεν μαρτυρείται στον Όμηρο και στον Ηρόδοτο. Η ανώμαλη αυτή κλίση απλοποιήθηκε στις άλλες διαλέκτους. Η ιωνική διάλεκτος γενίκευσε το θέμα με τον φωνηεντισμό -ο- (οἶδας, οἴδαμεν, οἴδατε, οἴδασι), τ. που χρησιμοποίησε αργότερα και η Κοινή. Στην προστ. όλοι οι τ. ἴσθι, ἴστω, ἴστε, ἴστων ερμηνεύονται φωνητικά με βάση τη μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα (F)ıδ-. Η υποτακτ. του οἶδα έχει σχηματιστεί από την απαθή βαθμίδα (F)ειδ- με συνηρημένη μορφή (εἰδῶ, εἰδῇς, εἰδῇ κ.λπ.) και ανάγεται πιθ. σε θ. ειδ- (πρβλ. μέλλ. εἰδήσω) με βράχυνση του -η-. Από θ. (F)ειό- με παρέκταση -ε- (πιθ. < θ. ειδη-) έχει σχηματιστεί και η ευκτ. εἰδείην, εἰδείης κ.λπ. Στο απρμφ. η επική γλώσσα γνωρίζει μόνον τ. με μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα: ἴδμεναι και ἴδμεν
ο ιων. αττ. τ. εἰδέναι φαίνεται ότι είναι νεωτερισμός. Η μτχ. εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα, εἰδώς ανάγεται στην απαθή βαθμίδα της ρίζας, ενώ η ομηρική γλώσσα παρουσιάζει τ. θηλυκού (F)ιδυῖα από τη μηδενισμένη βαθμίδα. Πρόβλημα παρουσιάζει, τέλος, η κλίση του υπερσ. με σημ. παρατ. ᾔδη, ᾔδησθα, ᾔδη, ᾔδεμεν, ᾔδετε, ᾔδεσαν και στη νέα αττ. ᾔδειν, ᾔδεις, ᾔδει κ.λπ. Αρχαιότερος τ. θεωρείται το γ' εν. πρόσωπο ᾔδη, που ανάγεται στο θ. είδη- του μέλλ. είδήσω, ενώ ο πληθ. ᾔδε- δίνει την εντύπωση ότι οφείλεται σε μετάπτωση ᾐδη
/ ᾐδε-, αλλά η καταγωγή του συστήματος παραμένει ανεξήγητη: αποτελεί δημιουργία της ελληνικής γλώσσας και είναι παρακινδυνευμένο να αναζητηθεί ινδοευρωπαϊκή προέλευση. Σημασιολογικά το ρ. οἶδα καλύπτει τη σημ. του ἐπίσταμαι, αλλά διαφέρει στο ότι το ρ. οἶδα εκφράζει γνώση γενική και θεωρητική, ενώ το ρ. ἐπίσταμαι γνώση που στηρίζεται αποκλειστικά σε πρακτικά δεδομένα, σε παρατήρηση και εφαρμογή. Θα λέγαμε ότι το οἶδα εκφράζει σημασιολογικά και τα δύο μαζί γνωστικά ρήματα, το ἐπίσταμαι και το γιγνώσκω. Στη Νεοελληνική με τη σημ. του οἶδα χρησιμοποιούνται τα ρ. γνωρίζω και ξέρω].

Greek Monotonic

οἶδα: Αιολ. ὄϊδα, παρακ. με σημασία ενεστ. του *εἴδω Β.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

οἶδα: эол. ὄϊδα pf.-praes. к *εἴδω.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: v.
Meaning: I know (Il.).
Other forms: pl. ἴδμεν (Att. ἴσμεν after ἴστε or spontan.; Schwyzer 208)
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1125] *u̯id- see, note, observe
Etymology: Old perfect, identical with Skt. véda, pl. vidmá, Germ., e.g. Goth. wait, pl. witum (ich) weiss, (wir) wissen, IE *u̯óida, pl. *u̯idmé. Besides with middle inflexion OCS vědě I know, formally = Lat. vīdī. From the perf. through innovation Arm. pres. git-em I know. Other agreements, e.g. ipv. ἴσθι = Skt. viddhí, ptc. εἰδώς = Goth. weitwoÞs witness, ἰδυῖα = Skt. vidúṣī. On the individual forms Schwyzer 778, 790 n. 6, 800, Leumann Celtica 3, 241ff. = Kl. Schr. 251ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1 (s. Index) etc. etc. -- As aorist is used ἰδεῖν note, observe (s. v.); cf. also νῆϊς.

Middle Liddell


1. to know, εὖ οἶδα I know well; εὖ ἴσθι be assured: often c. acc. rei, νοήματα οἶδε, μήδεα οἶδε he is versed in counsels, Hom.; with neut. Adjs., πεπνυμένα, φίλα, ἀθεμίστια εἰδώς Hom.; also c. gen., τόξων εὖ εἰδώς cunning in the use of the bow; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.: —χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, Il., etc.:—the Imperat. in protestations, ἴστω Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, Il.; doric ἴττω Ζεύς, ἴττω Ar.: —εἰδώς absol. one who knows, εἰδυίηι πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.; ἰδυίηισι πραπίδεσσι with knowing mind, Il.
2. c. inf. to know how to do, Il., attic
3. with the part. to know that so and so is the case, ἴσθι μοι δώσων know that thou wilt give, Aesch.; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐλθόντα Thuc.
4. οὐκ οἶδα εἰ, I know not whether, expresses disbelief, like Lat. nescio an non, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι Eur.
5. οἶδα or ἴσθι are often parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ Eur.; οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι Soph.; so, εὖ οἶδ' ὅτι Dem.: —in Trag. also, οἶσθ' ὃ δρᾶσον; equivalent to δρᾶσον —οἶσθ' ὅ; do— know'st thou what? i. e. make haste and do; οἶσθ' ὡς ποίησον, etc.