levis: Difference between revisions
Ὁ δὲ μὴ δυνάμενος κοινωνεῖν ἢ μηδὲν δεόμενος δι' αὐτάρκειαν οὐθὲν μέρος πόλεως, ὥστε ἢ θηρίον ἢ θεός → Whoever is incapable of associating, or has no need to because of self-sufficiency, is no part of a state; so he is either a beast or a god
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|lshtext=<b>lēvis</b>: ([[erroneously]] [[laevis]]), e, adj. Gr. [[λεῖος]], [[λευρός]] | |lshtext=<b>lēvis</b>: ([[erroneously]] [[laevis]]), e, adj. Gr. [[λεῖος]], [[λευρός]],<br /><b>I</b> [[smooth]], smoothed, not [[rough]], opp. [[asper]] ([[class]].).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br /> <b>A</b> In gen.: corpuscula quaedam levia, [[alia]] aspera, etc., Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66: in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi, id. Part. Or. 10, 36: Deus levem eum ([[mundum]]) fecit et [[undique]] aequabilem, id. Univ. 6: pocula, [[smooth]], [[shining]], Verg. A. 5, 91: pharetrae, id. ib. 5, 558: [[brassica]], [[Cato]], R. R. 15, 7: levissima corpora, Lucr. 4, 659: [[coma]] pectine [[levis]], Ov. M. 12, 409: nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae, Hor. C. 2, 20, 11: levior [[assiduo]] detritis aequore [[conchis]], Ov. M. 13, 792: [[inimicus]] pumice [[levis]], rubbed (cf. [[pumicatus]]), Juv. 9, 95.—Poet.: levi cum [[sanguine]] [[Nisus]] labitur [[infelix]], [[slippery]], Verg. A. 5, 328: [[levis]] Juventas ( = [[imberbis]]), [[smooth]], [[without]] [[hair]], [[beardless]], Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so, ora, Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31: crura, Juv. 8, 115: [[sponsus]], id. 3, 111: [[caput]], id. 10, 199; 2, 12; [[hence]], also, [[poet]]. for [[youthful]], [[delicate]], [[beautiful]]: [[pectus]], Verg. A. 11, 40: [[frons]], id. E. 6, 51: umeri, id. A. 7, 815: colla, Ov. M. 10, 698.—Also, [[finely]] dressed, [[spruce]], [[effeminate]]: vir, Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: [[argentum]], [[smooth]], not engraved or [[chased]], Juv. 14, 62.—In neutr. absol.: externi ne [[quid]] valeat per leve morari, [[smoothness]], Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so, per leve, Pers. 1, 64: per levia, Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.—<br /> <b>B</b> Transf., rubbed [[smooth]], [[ground]] [[down]], [[softened]], [[soft]] ([[rare]]), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., of [[speech]], [[smooth]], [[flowing]] ([[rare]] [[but]] [[class]].): [[oratio]] (opp. aspera), Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so, [[levis]] verborum [[concursus]] (opp. [[asper]]), id. de Or. 3, 43, 171: [[levis]] et aspera (vox), Quint. 11, 3, 15: [[levis]] et quadrata [[compositio]], id. 2, 5, 9: levia ac nitida, id. 5, 12, 18: (aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur, id. 9, 4, 116.—Adv. does not [[occur]].<br /><b>lĕvis</b>: e, adj. for [[leg]]-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, [[little]]; cf. O. H. Germ. [[ring]]-i; Germ. gering; Gr. [[ἐλαχύς]],<br /><b>I</b> [[light]] in [[weight]], not [[heavy]] (opp. [[gravis]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: leviora corpora (opp. graviora), Lucr. 2, 227: [[aether]], id. 5, 459: [[aura]], id. 3, 196: levior [[quam]] [[pluma]], Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23: stipulae, Verg. G. 1, 289: [[armatura]], [[light]] armor: [[levis]] armaturae Numidae, the [[light]]-[[armed]] [[Numidians]], Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed [[troops]]; v. [[armatura]], and cf.: sed haec fuerit nobis [[tamquam]] [[levis]] armaturae prima orationis [[excursio]], Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so, [[miles]], a [[light]]-[[armed]] [[soldier]], Liv. 8, 8; cf. of [[clothing]]: nudi, aut sagulo leves, Tac. G. 6: flebis in [[solo]] [[levis]] angiportu, Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.—Of the [[earth]] [[upon]] the [[dead]]: terraque securae [[sit]] [[super]] ossa [[levis]], Tib. 2, 4, 50; esp. freq. on tombstones: [[sit]] [[tibi]] [[terra]] [[levis]] ([[abbreviated]], S. T. T. L.): per leves populos, the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14: virgaque levem coerces [[aurea]] turbam, Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.—Poet. [[with]] inf.: fessis leviora tolli [[Pergama]] Grais, a lighter [[burden]], i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.—<br /> <b>B</b> Transf.<br /> <b>1</b> Light of [[digestion]], [[easy]] to [[digest]] ([[mostly]] [[poet]]. and [[post]]-Aug.): quae in [[aqua]] degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula, lightest of [[digestion]], Cels. 1, 18: leves malvae, Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.: gravi Malvae salubres corpori, id. Epod. 2, 57).—<br /> <b>2</b> Light in [[motion]], [[swift]], [[quick]], [[fleet]], [[nimble]], [[rapid]] (syn.: [[agilis]], [[alacer]], [[pernix]]): ipsa ([[diva]]) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. [[Argo]]), a [[quick]], favorable [[wind]], Cat. 64, 9; cf.: leves venti, Ov. M. 15, 346: [[flatus]], Sil. 15, 162: [[currus]], [[light]], [[swift]], Ov. M. 2, 150: levi deducens pollice [[filum]], [[light]], [[nimble]], id. ib. 4, 36; so, [[pollex]], id. ib. 6, 22: [[saltus]], id. ib. 7, 767; 3, 599: peltam pro [[parma]] fecit, ut ad [[motus]] concursusque essent leviores, Nep. Iphicr. 1: [[Messapus]] [[levis]] cursu, Verg. A. 12, 489: leves [[Parthi]], id. G. 4, 314: [[equus]], Val. Fl. 1, 389: Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori, Hor. C. 1, 1, 31: quaere modos leviore plectro, nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40: et [[levis]] erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā, Juv. 6, 507.—With inf. ([[poet]].): omnes [[ire]] leves, Sil. 16, 488: exsultare [[levis]], id. 10, 605: levior discurrere, id. 4, 549: nullo [[levis]] terrore moveri, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514: [[hora]], fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181: [[terra]], [[light]], [[thin]] [[soil]], Verg. G. 2, 92: et ubi montana (loca) [[quod]] leviora et [[ideo]] salubriora, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; so (opp graviora), id. ib.—<br /> <b>3</b> Slight, [[trifling]], [[small]] ([[mostly]] [[poet]].): [[ignis]], Ov. M. 3, 488: [[tactus]], a [[slight]], [[gentle]] [[touch]], id. ib. 4, 180: [[strepitus]], id. ib. 7, 840: [[stridor]], id. ib. 4, 413.<br /><b>II</b> Trop.<br /> <b>A</b> Without [[weight]], i. e. of no [[consequence]]; [[hence]], in gen., [[light]], [[trifling]], [[unimportant]], [[inconsiderable]], [[trivial]], [[slight]], [[little]], [[petty]], [[easy]] ([[class]].): [[nunquam]] erit alienis [[gravis]] qui suis se concinnat levem, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58: [[grave]] est [[nomen]] imperii [[atque]] id [[etiam]] in levi [[persona]] pertimescitur, Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45: leve et infirmum, id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt; ad motum animi ... leviora, id. Deiot. 2, 5: [[quod]] [[alia]] quaedam inania et levia conquiras, id. Planc. 26, 63: [[auditio]], a [[light]], [[unfounded]] [[report]], Caes. B. G. 7, 42: cui res et [[pecunia]] levissima et [[existimatio]] sanctissima fuit [[semper]], [[something]] [[very]] [[insignificant]], Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15: [[dolor]], id. Fin. 1, 12, 40: [[proelium]], Caes. B. G. 7, 36: [[periculum]], id. B. C. 3, 26: in aliquem merita, id. ib. 2, 32, 10: leviore de [[causa]], id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.: [[praecordia]] levibus [[flagrantia]] causis, Juv. 13, 182: effutire leves indigna [[tragoedia]] [[versus]], Hor. A. P. 231.—As subst.: in levi habitum, [[was]] made [[little]] of, [[was]] regarded as a [[trifle]], Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54: levia sed [[nimium]] [[queror]], Sen. Herc. Fur. 63: [[quid]] leviora [[loquor]]? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare [[manus]], no [[easy]] [[matter]], Juv. 7, 240: [[quidquid]] levius putaris, easier, id. 10, 344.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With gen. ([[poet]].): opum levior, Sil. 2, 102.—<br /> <b>B</b> In [[disposition]] or [[character]].<br /> <b>1</b> Light, [[light]]-[[minded]], [[capricious]], [[fickle]], [[inconstant]], unreliable, false: [[homo]] levior [[quam]] [[pluma]], Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23: ne me leviorem [[erga]] te putes, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34: tu levior cortice, Hor. C. 3, 9, 22: [[vitium]] levium hominum [[atque]] fallacium, Cic. Lael. 25, 91: [[quidam]] [[saepe]] in parva [[pecunia]] perspiciuntur [[quam]] sint leves, id. ib. 17, 63: leves ac nummarii judices, id. Clu. 28, 75: [[sit]] [[precor]] [[illa]] [[levis]], Tib. 1, 6, 56: levi brachio aliquid agere, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6: [[quid]] levius aut turpius, Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.: [[auctor]], Liv. 5, 15: leves amicitiae, Cic. Lael. 26, 100: [[spes]], [[vain]], [[empty]], Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8: leviores [[mores]], Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.—<br /> <b>2</b> Mild, [[gentle]], [[pleasant]] ([[rare]]): quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and: levior [[reprehensio]], id. Ac. 2, 32, 102: [[tandem]] eo, [[quod]] levissimum videbatur, decursum est, the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.: nec leves somnos [[timor]] aut [[cupido]] Sordidus aufert, Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28: [[exsilium]], [[mild]], [[tolerable]], Suet. Aug. 51.—Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, [[lightly]], not [[heavily]].<br /> <b>1</b> Lit. ([[rare]]): armati, [[light]]-[[armed]], Curt. 4, 13.—Of the [[blow]] of a [[weapon]]: levius casura [[pila]] sperabat, Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.—<br /> <b>2</b> Trop.<br /> <b>a</b> Slightly, a [[little]], not [[much]], [[somewhat]]: [[leviter]] densae [[nubes]], Lucr. 6, 248: inflexum [[bacillum]], Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30: genae [[leviter]] eminentes (al. [[leniter]]), id. N. D. 2, 57, 143: qui (medici) [[leviter]] aegrotantes [[leniter]] curant, gravioribus [[autem]] morbis, etc., id. Off. 1, 24, 83: [[saucius]], id. Inv. 2, 51, 154: non [[leviter]] lucra liguriens, id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177: agnoscere aliquid, id. Fin. 2, 11, 33: [[eruditus]], id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.—Comp.: [[quanto]] constantior [[idem]] In vitiis, tanto levius [[miser]], so [[much]] [[less]], Hor. S. 2, 7, 18: dolere, Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.—Sup.: ut levissime dicam, to [[express]] it in the mildest [[manner]], Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin.—<br /> <b>b</b> Easily, [[lightly]], [[without]] [[difficulty]], [[with]] [[equanimity]]: id eo levius ferendum est, [[quod]], etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.: sed levissime feram, si, etc., id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.—Comp.: levius torquetis [[Arachne]], [[more]] [[dexterously]], Juv. 2, 56. | ||
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Revision as of 09:33, 13 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
lēvis: (erroneously laevis), e, adj. Gr. λεῖος, λευρός,
I smooth, smoothed, not rough, opp. asper (class.).
I Lit.
A In gen.: corpuscula quaedam levia, alia aspera, etc., Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66: in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi, id. Part. Or. 10, 36: Deus levem eum (mundum) fecit et undique aequabilem, id. Univ. 6: pocula, smooth, shining, Verg. A. 5, 91: pharetrae, id. ib. 5, 558: brassica, Cato, R. R. 15, 7: levissima corpora, Lucr. 4, 659: coma pectine levis, Ov. M. 12, 409: nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae, Hor. C. 2, 20, 11: levior assiduo detritis aequore conchis, Ov. M. 13, 792: inimicus pumice levis, rubbed (cf. pumicatus), Juv. 9, 95.—Poet.: levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, slippery, Verg. A. 5, 328: levis Juventas ( = imberbis), smooth, without hair, beardless, Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so, ora, Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31: crura, Juv. 8, 115: sponsus, id. 3, 111: caput, id. 10, 199; 2, 12; hence, also, poet. for youthful, delicate, beautiful: pectus, Verg. A. 11, 40: frons, id. E. 6, 51: umeri, id. A. 7, 815: colla, Ov. M. 10, 698.—Also, finely dressed, spruce, effeminate: vir, Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: argentum, smooth, not engraved or chased, Juv. 14, 62.—In neutr. absol.: externi ne quid valeat per leve morari, smoothness, Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so, per leve, Pers. 1, 64: per levia, Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.—
B Transf., rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft (rare), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.—
II Trop., of speech, smooth, flowing (rare but class.): oratio (opp. aspera), Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so, levis verborum concursus (opp. asper), id. de Or. 3, 43, 171: levis et aspera (vox), Quint. 11, 3, 15: levis et quadrata compositio, id. 2, 5, 9: levia ac nitida, id. 5, 12, 18: (aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur, id. 9, 4, 116.—Adv. does not occur.
lĕvis: e, adj. for leg-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, little; cf. O. H. Germ. ring-i; Germ. gering; Gr. ἐλαχύς,
I light in weight, not heavy (opp. gravis).
I Lit.: leviora corpora (opp. graviora), Lucr. 2, 227: aether, id. 5, 459: aura, id. 3, 196: levior quam pluma, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23: stipulae, Verg. G. 1, 289: armatura, light armor: levis armaturae Numidae, the light-armed Numidians, Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed troops; v. armatura, and cf.: sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio, Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so, miles, a light-armed soldier, Liv. 8, 8; cf. of clothing: nudi, aut sagulo leves, Tac. G. 6: flebis in solo levis angiportu, Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.—Of the earth upon the dead: terraque securae sit super ossa levis, Tib. 2, 4, 50; esp. freq. on tombstones: sit tibi terra levis (abbreviated, S. T. T. L.): per leves populos, the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14: virgaque levem coerces aurea turbam, Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.—Poet. with inf.: fessis leviora tolli Pergama Grais, a lighter burden, i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.—
B Transf.
1 Light of digestion, easy to digest (mostly poet. and post-Aug.): quae in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula, lightest of digestion, Cels. 1, 18: leves malvae, Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.: gravi Malvae salubres corpori, id. Epod. 2, 57).—
2 Light in motion, swift, quick, fleet, nimble, rapid (syn.: agilis, alacer, pernix): ipsa (diva) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. Argo), a quick, favorable wind, Cat. 64, 9; cf.: leves venti, Ov. M. 15, 346: flatus, Sil. 15, 162: currus, light, swift, Ov. M. 2, 150: levi deducens pollice filum, light, nimble, id. ib. 4, 36; so, pollex, id. ib. 6, 22: saltus, id. ib. 7, 767; 3, 599: peltam pro parma fecit, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores, Nep. Iphicr. 1: Messapus levis cursu, Verg. A. 12, 489: leves Parthi, id. G. 4, 314: equus, Val. Fl. 1, 389: Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori, Hor. C. 1, 1, 31: quaere modos leviore plectro, nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40: et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā, Juv. 6, 507.—With inf. (poet.): omnes ire leves, Sil. 16, 488: exsultare levis, id. 10, 605: levior discurrere, id. 4, 549: nullo levis terrore moveri, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514: hora, fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181: terra, light, thin soil, Verg. G. 2, 92: et ubi montana (loca) quod leviora et ideo salubriora, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3; so (opp graviora), id. ib.—
3 Slight, trifling, small (mostly poet.): ignis, Ov. M. 3, 488: tactus, a slight, gentle touch, id. ib. 4, 180: strepitus, id. ib. 7, 840: stridor, id. ib. 4, 413.
II Trop.
A Without weight, i. e. of no consequence; hence, in gen., light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, trivial, slight, little, petty, easy (class.): nunquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58: grave est nomen imperii atque id etiam in levi persona pertimescitur, Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45: leve et infirmum, id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt; ad motum animi ... leviora, id. Deiot. 2, 5: quod alia quaedam inania et levia conquiras, id. Planc. 26, 63: auditio, a light, unfounded report, Caes. B. G. 7, 42: cui res et pecunia levissima et existimatio sanctissima fuit semper, something very insignificant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15: dolor, id. Fin. 1, 12, 40: proelium, Caes. B. G. 7, 36: periculum, id. B. C. 3, 26: in aliquem merita, id. ib. 2, 32, 10: leviore de causa, id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.: praecordia levibus flagrantia causis, Juv. 13, 182: effutire leves indigna tragoedia versus, Hor. A. P. 231.—As subst.: in levi habitum, was made little of, was regarded as a trifle, Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54: levia sed nimium queror, Sen. Herc. Fur. 63: quid leviora loquor? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare manus, no easy matter, Juv. 7, 240: quidquid levius putaris, easier, id. 10, 344.—
(b) With gen. (poet.): opum levior, Sil. 2, 102.—
B In disposition or character.
1 Light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false: homo levior quam pluma, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23: ne me leviorem erga te putes, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34: tu levior cortice, Hor. C. 3, 9, 22: vitium levium hominum atque fallacium, Cic. Lael. 25, 91: quidam saepe in parva pecunia perspiciuntur quam sint leves, id. ib. 17, 63: leves ac nummarii judices, id. Clu. 28, 75: sit precor illa levis, Tib. 1, 6, 56: levi brachio aliquid agere, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6: quid levius aut turpius, Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.: auctor, Liv. 5, 15: leves amicitiae, Cic. Lael. 26, 100: spes, vain, empty, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8: leviores mores, Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.—
2 Mild, gentle, pleasant (rare): quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant, Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and: levior reprehensio, id. Ac. 2, 32, 102: tandem eo, quod levissimum videbatur, decursum est, the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.: nec leves somnos timor aut cupido Sordidus aufert, Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28: exsilium, mild, tolerable, Suet. Aug. 51.—Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, lightly, not heavily.
1 Lit. (rare): armati, light-armed, Curt. 4, 13.—Of the blow of a weapon: levius casura pila sperabat, Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.—
2 Trop.
a Slightly, a little, not much, somewhat: leviter densae nubes, Lucr. 6, 248: inflexum bacillum, Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30: genae leviter eminentes (al. leniter), id. N. D. 2, 57, 143: qui (medici) leviter aegrotantes leniter curant, gravioribus autem morbis, etc., id. Off. 1, 24, 83: saucius, id. Inv. 2, 51, 154: non leviter lucra liguriens, id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177: agnoscere aliquid, id. Fin. 2, 11, 33: eruditus, id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.—Comp.: quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser, so much less, Hor. S. 2, 7, 18: dolere, Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.—Sup.: ut levissime dicam, to express it in the mildest manner, Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin.—
b Easily, lightly, without difficulty, with equanimity: id eo levius ferendum est, quod, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.: sed levissime feram, si, etc., id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.—Comp.: levius torquetis Arachne, more dexterously, Juv. 2, 56.
