sub

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

sŭb: (on the form sus from subs
I
v. infra, III.), prep. with acc. and abl. [perh. for es-ub, ens-ub, = ἐνς (εις) and ὑπό; Sanscr. upa; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 290], under.
I With abl., to point out the object under which a thing is situated or takes place (Gr. ὑπό, with dat. or gen.), under, below, beneath, underneath.
   A Of space: si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent ... nec tamen exissent umquam supra terram, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 72: sub aquā, id. Cas. 2, 6, 28: sub vestimentis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 32; Liv. 1, 58; cf.: saepe est sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56: ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore, Hor. S. 1, 3, 34: sub pellibus hiemare, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 23, 18, 15: manet sub Jove frigido Venator, Hor. C. 1, 1, 25: sub divo moreris, id. ib. 2, 3, 23: vitam sub divo agat, id. ib. 3, 2, 5 (v. divus, II.): sub terrā vivi demissi sunt, Liv. 22, 57: sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit, id. 3, 28, 11: pone (me) sub curru nimium propinqui Solis, Hor. C. 1, 22, 21 et saep.— Trop.: non parvum sub hoc verbo furtum latet, Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 12.—
   2    Transf., of lofty objects, at the foot of which, or in whose immediate neighborhood, any thing is situated, under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before: sub monte consedit, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; so, sub monte considere, id. ib. 1, 21: sub colle constituere, id. ib. 7, 49: sub montis radicibus esse, id. ib. 7, 36 al.: sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus, Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17: est ager sub urbe, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 107; so, sub urbe, Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 26; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Hor. C. 3, 19, 4: sub Veteribus, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 19: sub Novis, Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266 Orell. N. cr.; id. Ac. 2, 22, 70 Goer. N. cr.; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.: sub basilicā, Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 11 et saep.—Trop.: sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.: omnia sub oculis erant, Liv. 4, 28; cf. Vell. 2, 21, 3: classem sub ipso ore urbis incendit, Flor. 2, 15.—
   B Of time, in, within, during, at, by: ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum irrumperent, Caes. B. C. 1, 27: sub decessu suo, Hirt. B. G. 8, 49: sub luce, Ov. M. 1, 494; Hor. A. P. 363; Liv. 25, 24: sub eodem tempore, Ov. F. 5, 491: sub somno, Cels. 3, 18 med. al.—
   C In other relations, where existence under or in the immediate vicinity of any thing may be conceived.
   1    Under, in rank or order; hence, next to, immediately after: Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores, Verg. A. 5, 322.—
   2    In gen., of subjection, domination, stipulation, influence, effect, reason, etc., under, beneath, with: omnes ordine sub signis ducam legiones meas, under my standards, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71: sub armis vitam cernere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.); so, sub armis, Caes. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 42: sub sarcinis, id. B. G. 2, 17; 3, 24: sub onere, id. B. C. 1, 66 et saep.—
   3    Trop., under, subject to, in the power of; during, in the time of, upon, etc.: sub Veneris regno vapulo, non sub Jovis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 13: sub regno esse, Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60: sub imperio alicujus esse, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 4: sub dicione atque imperio alicujus esse, Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Auct. B. Alex. 66, 6; Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Con. 4, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; cf.: sub Corbulone Armenios pellere, Tac. H. 3, 24: sub manu alicujus esse, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2; sub rege, Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43; Hor. C. 3, 5, 9: sub Hannibale, Liv. 25, 40: sub dominā meretrice, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 25: sub nutrice, id. ib. 2, 1, 99: sub judice lis est, id. A. P. 78: praecipua sub Domitiano miseriarum pars erat, during the reign of, Tac. Agr. 45: scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis, Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5: gnarus sub Nerone temporum, Tac. Agr. 6; Suet. Tit. 8 et saep.: sub vulnere, from the effects of the wound, Ov. M. 5, 62; cf.: sub judice, under, id. ib. 13, 190: nullo sub indice, forced by no betrayer, id. ib. 13, 34.—So in certain phrases where the simple abl. is more freq.: sub pacto abolitionis dominationem deponere, Quint. 9, 2, 97: sub condicione, Liv. 6, 40, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.: sub condicionibus, id. 21, 12, 4: sub eā condicione, ne cui fidem meam obstringam, Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11: sub eā condicione, si esset, etc., id. ib. 8, 18, 4; so, sub condicione, ut (ne, si, etc.), Suet. Tib. 44; 13; id. Caes. 68; id. Claud. 24; id. Vit. 6: sub specie (= specie, or per speciem): sub specie infidae pacis quieti, Liv. 9, 45, 5; 36, 7, 12; 44, 24, 4: sub tutelae specie, Curt. 10, 6, 21; Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 2; cf.: sub nomine pacis bellum latet, Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 17: sub alienis auspiciis rem gerere, Val. Max. 3, 2, 6: sub lege, ne, Suet. Aug. 21: sub exceptione, si, id. Caes. 78: sub poenā mortis, id. Calig. 48: servitutis, id. Tib. 36 et saep.: sub frigido sudore mori, Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin. —
II With acc., to point out the object under which a thing comes, goes, extends, etc. (Gr. ὑπό, with acc.), under, below, beneath.
   A Of space, usually with verbs of motion: et datores et factores omnes subdam sub solum, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 18: manum sub vestimenta deferre, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 78: cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25: exercitum sub jugum mittere, Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 1, 12; Sall. J. 38, 9 Dietsch ad loc.: sub furcam ire, Hor. S. 2, 7, 66: sub divum rapere, id. C. 1, 18, 13: sub terras ire, Verg. A. 4, 654. —Trop.: sub judicium sapientis et delectum cadunt, Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61: quae sub sensus subjecta sunt, id. Ac. 2, 23, 74: quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat, id. Or. 20, 67: columbae Ipsa sub ora viri venere, Verg. A. 6, 191: quod sub oculos venit, Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 6.—Rarely with verb of rest: quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus, Luc. 7, 364.—
   2    Transf. (cf. supra, I. A. 2.), of lofty objects, to the foot of which, or into whose immediate neighborhood, any thing comes, or near to which it extends, under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards, etc.: sub montem succedunt milites, Caes. B. C. 1, 45: sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41: missi sunt sub muros, Liv. 44, 45: Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem, Tac. H. 5, 11; 3, 21: aedes suas detulit sub Veliam, Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54: arat finem sub utrumque colonus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 35: jactatus amnis Ostia sub Tusci, id. ib. 2, 2, 33: (hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum, Ov. M. 12, 389: sub orientem secutus Armenios, Flor. 3, 5.—
   B Of time, denoting a close approximation.
   1    Before, towards, about, shortly before, up to, until: Pompeius sub noctem naves solvit, Caes. B. C. 1, 28; so, sub noctem, Verg. A. 1, 662; Hor. C. 1, 9, 19; id. S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 7, 109; id. Ep. 2, 2, 169: sub vesperum, Caes. B. G. 2, 33; id. B. C. 1, 42: sub lucem, id. B. G. 7, 83; Verg. G. 1, 445: sub lumina prima, Hor. S. 2, 7, 33: sub tempus edendi, id. Ep. 1, 16, 22: sub dies festos, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1: sub galli cantum, Hor. S. 1, 1, 10: usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem, Verg. G. 1, 211: simulacra Visa sub obscurum noctis, id. ib. 1, 478: prima vel autumni sub frigora, id. ib. 2, 321: quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem, Liv. 21, 2, 1.—
   2    After, immediately after, just after, immediately upon: sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae, Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4: sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt, Liv. 7, 31: sub adventum praetoris, id. 23, 15, 1; 23, 16, 3; 45, 10, 10: sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit, id. 35, 31: sub hoc erus inquit, hereupon, Hor. S. 2, 8, 43.—
   C In other relations, in which a coming under any thing may be conceived: lepide hoc succedit sub manus negotium, comes to hand, convenient, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59: sub manus succedere, id. ib. 4, 4, 7; id. Pers. 4, 1, 2: sub manum submittere, at hand, convenient, Auct. B. Afr. 36, 1: sub ictum venire, Liv. 27, 18: sub manum annuntiari, Suet. Aug. 49 (al. sub manu; cf. supra, I. C.): sub legum et judiciorum potestatem cadere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144: sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere, id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2): incolas sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere, Nep. Milt. 1: matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis, Liv. 4, 4: sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati, Curt. 3, 8, 2.—
III In composition, the b remains unchanged before vowels and before b, d, j, l, n, s, t, v. Before m and r it is frequently, and before the remaining consonants, c, f, g, p, it is regularly assimilated. Yet here the MSS. vary, as in ob, ad, in, etc. Before some words commencing with c. p, t, it assumes the form sus, by the rejection of the b from a collateral form subs (analog. to abs); e. g. suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustuli, sustollo. Before s, with a following consonant, there remains merely su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro; cf., however: substerno, substituo, substo, substruo al.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, 775 sqq.—
   B In composition, sub denotes,
   1    Lit., a being situated or contained under, a putting or bringing under, or a going in under any thing: subaeratus, subcavus; subdo, subigo, subicio; subhaereo, subaperio; subedo.—
   2    Hence, also, a concealing or being concealed behind something; a secret action: subnoto, surripio, suffuror, subausculto, suborno. —
   3    Transf., a being placed or ranked under: subcenturio, subcurator, subcustos, etc.; or a being or doing any thing in a lower or inferior degree, a little, somewhat, rather, slightly: subabsurdus, subagrestis, subalbus, etc.; subaccusare, subirascor, etc.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

sŭb⁶ (subs, cf. susque deque ), prép. avec abl. et acc.
    I abl.,
1 [sens local] : a) sous : sub terra habitare Cic. Nat. 2, 95, habiter sous terre ; sub pellibus hiemare Cæs. C. 3, 13, 5, passer l’hiver sous des tentes || sub armis Cæs. C. 1, 41, 2, sous les armes ; sub sarcinis Cæs. G. 2, 17, 2, avec ses bagages, ou sub onere Cæs. C. 1, 66, 2 ; sub oculis alicujus Cæs. C. 1, 57, 4, sous les yeux de qqn ; sub corona, sub hasta vendere, mettre à l’encan, v. ces mots ; sub ictu teli Liv. 28, 30, 8, à portée de trait ; Gallia sub septemtrionibus posita Cæs. G. 1, 16, 2, la Gaule située sous le septentrion || [avec v. de mouv^t] : sub terra demissi sunt Liv. 22, 57, 6, ils furent jetés sous terre ; sub jugo mittere Liv. 3, 28, 11, envoyer sous le joug || [fig.] sub nomine pacis bellum latet Cic. Phil. 12, 17, sous le nom de paix se cache la guerre, cf. Agr. 3, 12 ; b) de dessous : sub terra Pl. Aul. 628, [sortir] de dessous terre, Cf. Capt. 730 ; c) au bas de, au pied de, près de : sub monte Cæs. G. 1, 21, 1 ; sub mœnibus Cic. Rep. 1, 17, au pied d’une montagne, des remparts ; sub Novis Cic. de Or. 2, 266, aux Boutiques Neuves (v. Novæ ); d) immédiatement après : Virg. En. 5, 323 ; Sen. Ep. 94, 60 ; e) au fond de : sub pectore Virg. En. 1, 36, au fond du cœur
2 [temporel] au moment de : sub bruma Cæs. G. 5, 13, 3, au moment du solstice d’hiver, cf. C. 1, 27, 3 ; Hirt. G. 8, 49, 2 || sub Domitiano Tac. Agr. 45, sous, au temps de Domitien, cf. Tac. Agr. 6 ; Plin. Min. Ep. 3, 5, 5
3 [idée de sujétion] : sub regno esse Cic. Rep. 1, 60 ; Att. 7, 7, 5 ; sub rege Cic. Rep. 2, 43, être sous le régime monarchique, sous un roi ; sub alicujus dicione Cæs. G. 1, 31, 7, être sous la domination de qqn || sub specie pacis Liv. 36, 7, 12, sous l’apparence de la paix ; sub nomine, sub condicione, v. ces mots ; sub lege, ne Suet. Aug. 21, sous la condition de ne pas... ; sub mortis pœna Suet. Cal. 48, sous peine de mort.
    II acc.
1 [local] : a) sub jugum mittere Cæs. G. 1, 7, 4, envoyer sous le joug ; sub orbem solis se subjicere Cic. Rep. 1, 25, se placer sous le disque du soleil ; sub terras ire Virg. En. 4, 654, aller sous la terre || [fig.] sub judicium alicujus cadere Cic. Fin. 3, 61, tomber sous le (être exposé au) jugement de qqn ; quæ sub sensus subjecta sunt Cic. Ac. 2, 74, ce qui tombe sous les sens, cf. Cic. Or. 67 || sub Borean esse Luc. 7, 364, être sous Borée, au nord ; b) au pied de [avec mouv^t] : sub montem succedere Cæs. C. 1, 45, 2, s’avancer au pied de la montagne, cf. Cic. Rep. 2, 54 ; Hirt. G. 8, 41, 1 ; Liv. 44, 45, 7 ; Tac. H. 5, 11, etc.
2 [temporel] : a) vers, tout proche de : sub noctem Cæs. C. 1, 28, 3 ; sub vesperum Cæs. G. 2, 33, 1 ; sub lucem Cæs. G. 7, 83, 7, à l’approche de la nuit, du soir, du jour ; sub dies festos Cic. Q. 2, 1, 1, à proximité des fêtes ; sub galli cantum Hor. S. 1, 1, 10, vers l’heure où le coq chante ; b) immédiatement après : sub eas (litteras) statim recitatæ sunt tuæ Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1, aussitôt après cette lettre la tienne fut lue, cf. Liv. 23, 15, 1 ; 23, 16, 3 ; 45, 10, 10, etc.
3 [idée de sujétion, avec v. de mouv^t] : sub alicujus imperium dicionemque cadere Cic. Font. 12, tomber sous l’autorité et la domination de qqn, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 144 ; Nep. Milt. 1, 4 ; sub legis vincula aliquid conjicere Liv. 4, 4, 10, mettre qqch. sous les liens d’une loi, sous l’empire d’une loi.
    III en composition sub [prép. ou préverbe] apporte l’idée de : a) sous, dessous, par-dessous : subjaceo, subjicio, etc.; b) de bas en haut : sublatus, sublevo ; c) remplacement : succedo || immédiatement après : succresco, subinde, suboles ; succurro, subvenio ; d) secrètement, à la dérobée : subripio, subrepo ; e) un peu : subiratus, sublustris ; subaccuso || subs devient sus devant c, t, p : suscipio, sustineo, suspendo.