ἐξουσία
English (LSJ)
ἡ, (ἔξεστι)
A power, authority to do a thing, c. inf., χαίρειν καὶ νοσεῖν ἐ. πάρεστι S.Fr.88.11 codd.; αὐτῷ ἐ. ἦν σαφῶς εἰδέναι Antipho 1.6, cf. Th.7.12; ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε permission to do... Pl. Smp.182e; ἐ. ποιεῖν Id.Cri.51d, etc.; ἐ. λαβεῖν And.2.28, X.Mem.2.6.24, etc.; λαβὼν ἐ. ὥστε . . Isoc.3.45; ἐπὶ τῇ τῆς εἰρήνης ἐ. with the freedom permitted by peace, D.18.44: c. gen. objecti, ἐ. ἔχειν θανάτου power of life and death, Poll.8.86; πρᾶγμα οὗ τὴν ἐ. ἔχουσιν ἄλλοι control over... Diog.Oen.57; ἐ. τινός power over, licence in a thing, τοῦ λέγειν Pl.Grg.461e; ἐν μεγάλῃ ἐ. τοῦ ἀδικεῖν ib.526a, cf. R.554c; κατὰ τὴν οὐκ ἐ. τῆς ἀγωνίσεως from want of qualification for .., Th.5.50: abs., power, authority, E.Fr.784. 2 abuse of authority, licence, arrogance, ὕβρις καὶ ἐ. Th.1.38, cf. 3.45, D.19.200; ἡ ἄγαν ἐ. ib.272; ἄμετρος ἐ. OGI669.51 (i A.D.). 3 Lit. Crit., ἐ. ποιητική poetic licence, Str.1.2.17, Jul.Or.1.10b. II office, magistracy, ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐ. Pl.Alc.1.135b; οἱ ἐν ταῖς ἐ. Arist.EN1095b21; οἱ ἐν ἐ. ὄντες Id.Rh. 1384a1; οἱ ἐπ' ἐξουσιῶν LXXDa.3.2; ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐ. the consulate, D.S. 14.113, etc.; also ἡ ὕπατος ἐ. D.H.7.1; ἡ ταμιευτικὴ ἐ. the quaestorship, Id.8.77; δημαρχικὴ ἐ., v. δημαρχικός; ἡ τοῦ θαλάμου ἐ., in the Roman empire, lordship of the bedchamber, Hdn.1.12.3. 2 concrete, body of magistrates, D.H.11.32; αἱ ἐ. (as we say) the authorities, Ev.Luc.12.11,al., Plu.Phil.17. b ἡ ἐ. as an honorary title, POxy.1103 (iv A.D.), etc. III abundance of means, resources, ἐξουσίας ἐπίδειξις Th.6.31; πλοῦτος καὶ ἐ. Id.1.123, cf. D. 21.138; ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ πρὸς τὴν ἐ. Th.4.39; τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐ. Pl.Lg. 828d; excessive wealth, opp. οὐσία, Com.Adesp.25a.5D. IV pomp, Plu.Aem.34.
German (Pape)
[Seite 888] ἡ (ἔξεστι), die Erlaubniß, Freiheit, Etwas zu thun, das Recht; ἐπιτροπὴ νόμου Plat. defin. 415 b; τοῦ λέγειν Gorg. 461 e; ἐν μεγάλῃ ἐξουσίᾳ τοῦ ἀδικεῖν γενόμενος, da er die Macht hatte, Unrecht zu thun, 526 a; ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε τῷ ἐραστῇ θαυμαστὰ ἔργα ἐργαζομένῳ ἐπαινεῖσθαι , sich durch bewundernswürdige Thaten Lob zu erwerben, Conv. 182 e; π οιεῖν τινι, ἐξεῖναι ἀπιέναι, daß es ihm freisteht, wegzugehen, Crit. 51 d. Oft ἐξουσία ἦν αὐτῷ, mit folgdm inf., Antiph. 1, 6 u. A.; auch περὶ τοῦ ποιεῖν, Plat. Legg. XI, 936 a; ἐπ' ἐξουσίας ἐστί, es steht frei, nach Luft u. Belieben, Dem. u. A.; ἐξουσίαν ἔχω κλέπτειν Xen. Mem. 2. 6, 24, u. öfter bei Sp. ἔχειν, λαμβάνειν u. ä. – Auch im schlimmen Sinne, Frechheit, Dem. u. bes. Sp. – Gewalt, Macht im Staate, οἱ ἐν ταῖς ἐξουσίαις, die Machthaber, Arist. Eth. 1, 5, 3 u. Sp.; ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐξ., das Amt, die Macht des Consuls, D. Sic. 14, 113. Auch die Machthaber selbst, D. Hal. 11, 32; ὑπ' ἐξουσίαν τεταγμένος Matth. 8, 9. – Τῶν ἀναγκαίων, der Ueberfluß, wie περιουσία, Plat. Legg. VIII, 828 d; vgl. Thuc. 1, 123; äußere Pracht, Plut. Aemil. 34.
Greek (Liddell-Scott)
ἐξουσία: ἡ, (ἔξεστι) ὡς καὶ νῦν, τὸ ἔχειν τὴν δύναμιν ἢ τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ πράττειν τι, μετ’ ἀπαρ., χαίρειν καὶ νοσεῖν ἐξ. πάρεστι Σοφ. Ἀποσπ. 109· ἐξ. ἐστί μοι Ἀντιφῶν 112. 13, Θουκ. 7. 12· ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε τῷ ἐραστῇ... ἐπαινεῖσθαι Πλάτ. Συμπ. 182Ε· ἐξουσίαν πεποιηκέναι Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ Κρίτων 51Δ, κτλ., ἐν ἀντιθ. πρὸς τὸ ἐξ. ἔχειν, ἐξ. λαμβάνειν, κτλ., Ἀνδοκ. 23. 14, Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 2. 6, 24, κτλ.· τῇ τῆς εἰρήνης ἐξουσίᾳ, μετὰ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἣν ἐπιτρέπει ἡ εἰρήνη, Δημ. 240. 23· ἐξ. ἔχειν θανάτου Ἀριστ. Ἀποσπ. 374· ἀλλὰ μετὰ γεν. ἀντικ., πλείστη ἐξουσία τοῦ λέγειν, πλείστη ἐλευθερία, Πλάτ. Γοργ. 461Ε· ἐν μεγάλῃ ἔξ. τοῦ ἀδικεῖν αὐτόθι 526Α, πρβλ. Πολ. 554C· περί τινος, ὁ αὐτὸς ἐν Νὸμοις 936Α· κατὰ τὴν οὐκ ἐξουσίαν τῆς ἀγωνίσεως, δι’ ἔλλειψιν προσόντων ἢ διότι δὲν εἶχε τὸ δικαίωμα, Θουκ. 5. 50. 2) ἔπαρσις, ἀλαζονεία, Δημ. 559. 24, πρβλ. 403. 26· ἡ ἄγαν ἐξ., ὁ αὐτὸς 428. 22. ΙΙ. ἀπολ., δύναμις, ἐξουσία, ἰσχύς, κατ’ ἀντίθεσιν πρὸς ὅ,τι εἶναι δίκαιον ἢ ὀρθὸν, Εὐρ. Ἀποσπ. 778, Θουκ. 1. 38, πρβλ. 3. 45. 2) ἀξίωμα, ἀρχή, Λατ. potestas, Πλάτ. Ἀλκ. 1. 135Β· οἱ ἐν ταῖς ἐξουσίαις Ἀριστ. Ἠθ. Ν. 1. 5. 3· οἱ ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ ὄντες ὁ αὐτὸς ἐν Ρητ. 2. 6, 9· οἱ ἐπ’ ἐξουσιῶν Ἑβδ. (Δαν. Γ΄, 2)· ἡ ὑπατικὴ ἐξ., τὸ ἀξίωμα τοῦ ὑπάτου, Διόδ. 14. 113, κτλ.· ἡ ταμιευτικὴ ἐξ. Διον. Ἁλ. 8. 77· ἡ τοῦ θαλάμου ἐξ., κατὰ τοὺς Ρωμ. αὐτοκρατορ. χρόνους ἄρχων τοῦ θαλάμου, κοιτῶνος, ἀρχιθαλαμηπόλος, Ἡρῳδιαν. 1. 12. 3) ὡς ἀφηρημ. οὐσιαστ., τὸ σύνολον τῶν ἀρχόντων, ἡ ἀρχή, Λατ. potestas, οἱ ραβδοῦχοι κελευσθέντες ὑπὸ τῆς ἐξουσίας Διον. Ἁλ. 11. 32· αἱ ἐξουσίαι, αἱ ἀρχαὶ (ὡς λέγομεν νῦν), Πλουτ. Φιλοποίμ. καὶ συχνὸν ἐν τῇ Καιν. Διαθ.: πρβλ. τὴν λέξιν τέλος. ΙΙ. ὡς τὸ περιουσία, ἀφθονία ὑπαρχόντων ἢ μέσων, ἐξουσίας ἐπίδειξις Θουκ. 6. 31, πρβλ. 1. 123· ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ πρὸς τήν ἐξ., ὁ αὐτ. 4, 39· τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐξ. Πλάτ. Νόμ. 828D. ΙV. πομπή, ἀνὴρ καὶ δίχα τοσαύτης ἐξουσίας ἀξιοθέατος Πλουτ. Αἰμίλ. 34, πρβλ. τὸ ἐν τῇ συνηθείᾳ «παρουσία».
French (Bailly abrégé)
ας (ἡ) :
I. pouvoir de faire une chose :
1 liberté, faculté : ἐξουσία ποιεῖν τι PLAT donner à qqn la liberté ou le moyen de faire qch;
2 pouvoir, puissance, autorité : οἱ ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ ὄντες ARSTT au sens collect. les magistrats ; juridiction;
II. p. ext.
1 abondance, ressources;
2 éclat, splendeur.
Étymologie: ἔξειμι¹.
Spanish
English (Abbott-Smith)
ἐξουσία, -ας, ἡ (< ἔξεστι), [in LXX: IV Ki 20:13, Ps 113 (114):2 135 (136)8, 9, Is 39:2, Je 28 (51):28 (מֶמְשָׁלָה), freq. in Da for Aram. שָׁלְטָן, etc., Wi 10:14, Si 9:13, al.;]
1.prop., liberty or power to act, freedom to exercise the inward force or faculty expressed by δύναμις (q.v.): I Co 9:12; ἐ. ἔχειν, II Th 3:9; id. seq. inf., Jo 10:18, I Co 9:4, 5; c. gen. obj., Ro 9:21; seq. ἐπί, c. acc., Re 22:14; περί, I Co 7:37.
2.Later(cf. Milligan, Th., 114; MM, Exp., xiv), of the power of right, authority: Mt 21:33, Mk 11:28, Lk 20:2; of Messianic authority, Mt 9:6, Mk 2:10, al.; of apostolic authority, II Co 10:8 13:10; of the authority of government: Mt 8:9 28:18, Ju 25, Re 12:10, al.; esp. of judicial authority, Lk 20:20, Jo 19:10, 11.
3.Meton.,
(a)jurisdiction: Lk 23:7 (cf. I Mac 6:11, Is 39:2);
(b)a ruler or magistrate: Ro 13:1-3; pl., Lk 12:11, Ro 13:1, Tit 3:1;
(c)of supramundane powers (syn. with ἀρχή, δύναμις, θρόνος, κυριότης): I Co 15:24, Eph 1:21 3:10, Col 2:10, I Pe 3:22, al. (Cremer. 236). SYN.: v.s. δύναμις.
English (Strong)
from ἔξεστι (in the sense of ability); privilege, i.e. (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively) mastery (concretely, magistrate, superhuman, potentate, token of control), delegated influence: authority, jurisdiction, liberty, power, right, strength.
English (Thayer)
ἐξουσίας, ἡ (from ἔξεστι, ἐξόν, which see), from Euripides, Xenophon, Plato down; the Sept. for מֶמְשָׁלָה and Chaldean שָׁלְטָן; power.
1. power of choice, liberty of doing as one pleases; leave or permission: ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν, WH brackets ἐξουσία); followed by an infinitive with τοῦ, L T Tr WH omit τοῦ); with a genitive of the thing or the person with regard to which one has the power to decide: Buttmann, 260 (224))); ἐπί τό ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς, permission to use the tree of life, ἐπί, C. I:2e.); ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν περί τοῦ ἰδίου θελήματος (opposed to ἀνάγκην ἔχειν (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30,3 N. 5)), ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐξουσία (appointed, see τίθημι, 1a. sub at the end) according to his own choice, ἐν τῇ σῇ ἐξουσία ὑπῆρχεν, i. e. at thy free disposal, τοῦ with the infinitive αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ σκότους, this is the power that darkness exerts, ποιεῖν ἐξουσίαν to exert power, give exhibitions of power, ἐν ἐξουσία εἶναι, to be possessed of power and influence, ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν (both expressions refer to the ability and weight which Jesus exhibited in his teaching) κατ' ἐξουσίαν powerfully, ἐν ἐξουσία, the power of authority (influence) and of right: ἐν ποίᾳ ἐξουσία; clothed in what authority (i. e. thine own or God's?), delegated authority (German Vollmacht, authorization): παρά τίνος, with the genitive of the person by whom the authority is given, or received, R G).
4. the power of rule or government (the power of him whose will and commands must be submitted to by others and obeyed (generally translated authority));
a. universally: λαμβάνειν, ἐξουσίαν ὡς βασιλεύς, εἰμί ὑπό ἐξουσίαν, I am under authority, τασσόμενος added, (L WH brackets); ἐξουσία τίνος, the genitive of the object, authority (to be exercised) over, as τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἀκαθάρτων, ὥστε ἐκβάλλειν αὐτά added, ἐξουσίαν πάσης σαρκός, authority over all mankind, πάσης σαρκός κυρειαν, Bel and the Dragon , verse 5); (the genitive of the subject, τοῦ Σατανᾶ, ἐπί τινα, power over one, so as to be able to subdue, drive out, destroy, ἐπί τά δαιμόνια, ἐπί τάς πληγάς, the power to inflict plagues and to put an end to them, ἐπί τῶν ἐθνῶν, over the heathen nations, ἐπί τίνος, to destroy one, ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν ἐπί τοῦ πυρός, to preside, have control, over fire, to hold it subject to his will, ἐπί τῶν ὑδάτων, ἐπάνω τίνος ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, to be ruler over a thing, α. of the power of judicial decision; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν with an infinitive of the thing decided: σταυρῶσαι and ἀπολῦσαι τινα, κατά τίνος, the power of deciding against one, παραδοῦναι τινα ... τῇ ἐξουσία τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, β. of authority to manage domestic affairs: α. a thing subject to authority or rule: jurisdiction: ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας ἡδωρου ἐστιν, β. one who possesses authority; (cf. the Latin use of honestates, dignitates, auctoritates (so the English authorities, dignities, etc.) in reference to persons); αα. a ruler, human magistrate (Dionysius Halicarnassus 8,44; 11,32): ββ. the leading and more powerful among created beings superior to Prayer of Manasseh , spiritual potentates; used in the plural of a certain class of angels (see ἀρχή, δύναμις, θρόνος, κυριότης): Romans , vol. ii., p. 226f; (Lightfoot on Colossians , the passage cited)); with ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις added, πᾶσα ἐξουσία, Lob. ad Phryn., p. 469), ἡ ἐξουσία τοῦ ἀέρος (see ἀήρ), τοῦ σκότους, α.) above (cf. σκότος as personified; see σκότος, b.).
d. a sign of the husband's authority over his wife, i. e. the veil with which propriety required a woman to cover herself, βασιλεία is used by Diodorus 1,47 for the sign of regal power, i. e. a crown). (Synonym: see δύναμις, at the end. On the infinitive after ἐξουσία, and ἐξουσία ἔχειν cf. Buttmann, 260 (223 f).)
Greek Monolingual
η (AM ἐξουσία)
1. η κυβέρνηση, η άσκηση της αρχής
2. το σύνολο τών αρχόντων
3. άδεια, δικαιοδοσία
4. προνόμιο
5. τάξη τών επουράνιων δυνάμεων, τών αγγέλων («ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις καὶ τὰ πολυόμματα Σεραφείμ»)
αρχ.-μσν.
αξίωμα, αρχή
μσν.
1. επικράτεια, διοικητική περιοχή («τοὺς χωριάτας ὁποὺ κατοικοῡσιν εἰς τὴν ἐξουσίαν μας»)
2. κυριαρχία, κατοχή
3. (κυριαρχική) δύναμη
4. αφθονία
αρχ.
1. κατάχρηση εξουσίας, αλαζονεία
2. (για ποιητές) ποιητική άδεια
3. αφθονία μέσων («ἐπίδειξιν μᾱλλον εἰκασθῆναι τῆς δυνάμεως καὶ ἐξουσίας», Θουκ.)
4. υπερβολικός πλούτος
5. επιδεικτική εμφάνιση.
[ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. Παράγωγο του ρ. έξεστι
εμφανίζει ως β' συνθετ. το θ. ουσ- του θηλ. της μετοχής ούσα του ρ. ειμί με επίθημα -ία (πρβλ. ουσία < οντ- (ων, όντ-ος) + -ία)].