nam: Difference between revisions
(6_10) |
(D_6) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>nam</b>:<br /><b>I</b> conj. [acc. [[sing]]. fem. of pronom. [[stem]] na-; cf.: ἐγώ-νη, τύ-νη; Lat. ne, nae; masc. num; cf.: tum, tam; [[quom]], [[quam]].<br /><b>I</b> To [[introduce]] a [[confirmation]] or [[explanation]], for ([[always]] in [[prose]] [[beginning]] the [[sentence]]; cf.: [[enim]], [[etenim]], and<br /> v. [[infra]] C.).<br /> <b>A</b> Introducing an [[explanation]] or [[fuller]] [[statement]] of [[something]] [[already]] said.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: is [[pagus]] appellabatur [[Tigurinus]]. Nam [[omnis]] [[civitas]] Helvetia in [[quattuor]] pagos divisa est, Caes. B. G. 1, 12, 4: quibus rebus auditis ... suas [[quoque]] copias in [[tres]] partes distribuerunt. Nam praesidio e regione castrorum relicto ... reliquas copias, etc., id. ib. 7, 61, 5: [[neque]] [[solum]] colent [[inter]] se ac [[diligent]], sed [[etiam]] verebuntur. Nam maximum [[ornamentum]] amicitiae tollit, qui ex eā tollit verecundiam, Cic. Lael. 22, 82; id. Part. Or. 11, 38; id. Or. 43, 147; cf.: pandite [[atque]] aperite [[propere]] januam hanc Orci, opsecro. Nam [[equidem]] [[haut]] [[aliter]] esse [[duco]], Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2. —<br /> <b>2</b> Esp.<br /> <b>(a)</b> To [[introduce]] an explanatory parenthetical [[clause]]: omni ratione colenda justitia est, tum ipsa per [[sese]] (nam [[aliter]] justitia non esset), tum, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42: et in insulā quae est in Fibreno —nam hoc, [[opinor]], [[illi]] alteri flumini [[nomen]] est—sermoni [[reliquo]] [[demus]] operam sedentes, id. Leg. 2, 1, 1: [[tamen]] is ad id locorum [[talis]] vir (nam [[postea]] ambitione [[praeceps]] [[datus]] est), consulatum adpetere non audebat, Sall. J. 63, 6; Sen. Ep. 40, 9.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> To [[resume]] the [[course]] of [[thought]] [[after]] a parenthetical [[interruption]]: hic [[vero]] [[simul]] ... [[atque]] me [[mare]] transisse cognovit (audi, audi, [[atque]] attende ...), nam [[simul]] ac me [[Dyrrachium]] attigisse audivit, etc., Cic. Planc. 41, 98: [[duplex]] [[inde]] Hannibali [[gaudium]] fuit ([[neque]] [[enim]] quidquam eorum, quae [[apud]] hostes agerentur, eum fallebat): nam et liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo [[modo]] capturum, et sollertiae Fabii [[dimidium]] virium decessisse, Liv. 22, 28, 1.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> To [[introduce]] an [[example]], or [[several]] examples, illustrating a [[general]] [[statement]], for [[example]], for [[instance]]: sed [[vivo]] Catone minores [[natu]] multi uno tempore oratores floruerunt. Nam et A. [[Albinus]] ... et [[litteratus]] et [[disertus]] fuit. Nam Q. [[Metellus]] ... in primis est [[habitus]] [[eloquens]], Cic. Brut. 21, 81: [[quin]] [[etiam]] easdem causas ut [[quisque]] egerit utile erit scire. Nam de [[domo]] Ciceronis dixit [[Calidius]], et pro Milone orationem [[Brutus]] exercitationis gratiā scripsit, Quint. 10, 1, 23; 8, 6, 38; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 23.—<br /> <b>B</b> Introducing a [[ground]] or [[reason]] for a [[fact]], [[command]], or [[principle]].<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: [[quamobrem]], [[Quirites]], celebratote illos [[dies]] cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris: nam multi [[saepe]] honores dīs immortalibus justi habiti sunt, sed [[profecto]] justiores [[numquam]], Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 23: [[vires]] vitaque [[corpus]] [[meum]] [[nunc]] deserit omne: nam me [[visus]] [[homo]] [[pulcher]], etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40: qui ... dilectum habere noluerit. Nam sociorum auxilia aut ita imbecilla sunt, ut non [[multum]] nos juvare possint, etc., Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 11.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp., introducing the [[speaker]]'s [[reason]] for a [[particular]] form of [[statement]], etc.: Phoenices [[alias]] urbes in orā maritumā condidere ... nam de Carthagine silere [[melius]] [[puto]] [[quam]] [[parum]] dicere, Sall. J. 19, 1; cf. Mercuri (nam te [[docilis]] [[magistro]] Movit [[Amphion]] lapides canendo), etc., Hor. C. 3, 11, 1; so in a [[question]]: una [[domus]] erat, [[idem]] [[victus]] isque [[communis]] ... nam [[quid]] ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi [[semper]] aliquid, etc., Cic. Lael. 27, 104: nam [[quid]] ego de cotidiano sermone querimoniāque populi Romani loquar? id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 129.—<br /> <b>3</b> Loosely, introducing the [[speaker]]'s [[reason]] for [[saying]] [[what]] precedes: nam ego ad Menaechmum [[nunc]] eo (I [[have]] said this), for, etc., Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; id. Trin. 1, 1, 3 Brix ad loc.—So esp. [[after]] a [[general]] [[remark]], introducing its [[illustration]] in the [[case]] in [[hand]], Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 58 Spengel ad loc.; id. Most. 5, 1, 3; id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—<br /> <b>4</b> In a [[still]] looser [[connection]], introducing a [[particular]] [[fact]] or [[argument]] in [[support]] of [[what]] precedes, [[but]], [[now]], [[certainly]]: L. Sisennae [[omnis]] [[facultas]] ex historiā ipsius perspici potest, quae cum [[facile]] vincat superiores, tum indicat [[quantum]] absit a summo ... Nam Q. Hortensii [[admodum]] adulescentis [[ingenium]] [[simul]] aspectum et probatum est, Cic. Brut. 64, 228; 43, 161; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68: at [[prooemium]] [[aliquando]] et narrationem dicit [[malus]] [[homo]] et argumenta sic, ut [[nihil]] [[sit]] in his requirendum. Nam et [[latro]] pugnabit [[acriter]], [[virtus]] [[tamen]] erit [[fortitudo]], Quint. 2, 20, 10.—<br /> <b>5</b> Ellipt., in [[reply]] to a [[question]] or [[remark]], [[where]] the [[answer]] is [[implied]], and nam introduces the [[reason]] for it; for [[assuredly]], [[certainly]]: nos hunc Heracliensem, multis civitatibus expetitum ... de nostrā civitate eiciemus? Nam si [[quis]] minorem gloriae fructum putat ex Graecis versibus percipi [[quam]] ex Latinis, [[vehementer]] errat, Cic. Arch. 10, 22 sq.: [[numquid]] [[ergo]] hic [[Lysimachus]], [[felicitate]] quādam dentibus leonis [[elapsus]], ob hoc cum [[ipse]] regnaret mitior fuit? Nam Telesphorum Rhodium amicum suum ... in caveā [[velut]] novum [[animal]] aliquod ... pavit, Sen. de Ira. 3, 17, 3; cf.: de eis rebus, inquit [[Crassus]], quibus sciam poteroque. Tum [[ille]]: nam [[quod]] tu non poteris aut nescies, [[quis]] [[nostrum]] tam [[impudens]] est, qui se scire aut posse postulet? Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 101.—So [[with]] particles of [[asseveration]]: mehercule, [[hercule]], [[edepol]], etc.: [[tamen]] [[tibi]] a me nulla orta est injuria. Aes. Nam [[hercle]] [[etiam]] hoc restat, i. e. not [[yet]]; for [[that]] is to [[come]] [[hereafter]], Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 36: sume, posce, prome quidvis: te [[facio]] [[cellarium]]. Er. Nam [[nisi]] [[hercle]] manticinatus [[probe]] ero, fusti pectito, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 115: dicunt ei [[fere]] nullam esse columnam, quae ad [[perpendiculum]] esse possit. Nam mehercule, inquit, sic [[agamus]]: columnae ad [[perpendiculum]] exigantur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133.—<br /> <b>C</b> The [[conjunction]] nam [[sometimes]] follows a [[word]] of the [[clause]] ([[poet]]. and perh. not [[ante]]-Aug.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 246): prohibent nam [[cetera]] Parcae Scire, Verg. A. 3, 379: solam nam [[perfidus]] [[ille]] Te colere, id. ib. 4, 421; 10, 585; 1, 444: [[olim]] nam quaerere amabam, Hor. S. 2, 3, 20; 41: ego nam videor mihi [[sanus]], id. ib. 2, 3, 302: his nam [[plebecula]] [[plaudit]], id. Ep. 2, 1, 186.<br /><b>II</b> In transitions.<br /> <b>A</b> Introducing a [[new]] [[subject]] as of [[secondary]] [[importance]]; [[but]] [[now]], on the [[other]] [[hand]]: nam [[quod]] rumores distulerunt malivoli, Multas contamināsse Graecas, dum facit Paucas Latinas: [[factum]] hic esse id non negat, Neque se pigere, Ter. Heaut. prol. 19: nam [[quod]] purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, etc., Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2: nam [[quod]] negas te dubitare [[quin]] magnā in offensā sim [[apud]] Pompeium hoc tempore, non [[video]] causam [[cur]] ita [[sit]], id. ib. 9, 2, a, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 47: nam [[auguralis]] libros ad [[commune]] utriusque [[nostrum]] [[otium]] [[serva]], id. Fam. 3, 11, 4: nam Vestae [[nomen]] a Graecis est, i. e. [[though]] [[that]] of [[Janus]], [[before]] named, is Latin, id. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68; Quint. 1, 11, 7; 10, 1, 9.—<br /> <b>B</b> Esp., in referring to a [[consideration]] [[too]] [[obvious]] to [[require]] [[discussion]], for [[obviously]], for it is [[certain]], etc.: [[postremo]] hoc in [[pectus]] tuum demitte, [[numquam]] populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse: nam [[bello]] [[quid]] valeat, [[tute]] scis, Sall. J. 102, 11; Liv. 39, 26, 3; Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Tac. H. 4, 76.<br /><b>III</b> In interrogations, [[emphatically]], expressing [[wonder]] or [[emotion]] in the questioner; cf. Gr. γάρ.<br /> <b>A</b> With an [[interrogative]].<br /> <b>1</b> Beginning a [[sentence]] (anteclass. and [[poet]].): perdidisti omnem operam? Ep. Nam quī perdidi? [[but]] [[how]]? [[but]] [[why]]? Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 29: nam quem ego adspicio? id. Poen. 5, 3, 3: [[quid]] ego [[ago]]? Tr. Nam [[quid]] tu, [[malum]], me rogitas [[quid]] agas? id. Most. 2, 1, 21: nam quae haec [[anus]] est exanimata a fratre quae egressa'st meo? Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 5: nam [[quid]] ita? id. Eun. 5, 2, 58: nam quem? [[alium]] habui neminem, id. ib. 4, 4, 13: nam [[quam]] ob rem? (= quamnam), Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2: nam quā me causā extrusisti ex aedibus? id. Aul. 1, 1, 5 et saep.: nam [[quis]] te, juvenum confidentissime, [[nostras]] Jussit adire domos? Verg. G. 4, 445 ([[but]] cf. Forbig. ad loc. and Kritz ad Sall. J. 19, 2): nam quae tam [[sera]] moratur Segnities? id. A. 2, 373: [[bellua]] multorum es [[capitum]]. Nam [[quid]] sequar aut quem? Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76.—<br /> <b>2</b> Joined as enclitic to an [[interrogative]] [[word]]: [[quinam]] [[homo]] hic [[ante]] aedīs [[nostras]] conqueritur? Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 17: [[quidnam]] id est? id. Trin. 5, 2, 45: [[quisnam]] [[igitur]] tuebitur P. Scipionis memoriam mortui? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80: O di immortales, [[ubinam]] gentium sumus? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24: sed [[Allobroges]] diu in [[incerto]] habuere [[quidnam]] consilii caperent, Sall. C. 41, 1.—For [[quianam]], v. [[quia]] fin.—<br /> <b>3</b> Separated from the [[interrogative]] [[word]]: [[quid]] [[tibi]] ex filio nam, [[obsecro]], [[aegre]] est? Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 27: [[quis]] ea'st nam optuma? id. Aul. 2, 1, 17; 3, 2, 3: [[quid]] [[cerussa]] [[opus]] nam? id. Most. 1, 3, 101: [[quis]] est nam [[ludus]] in undis? Verg. E. 9, 39.—<br /> <b>4</b> With num: num [[tibi]] nam, amabo, janua est [[mordax]] mea? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1: num [[quid]] nam [[tibi]] molestum est, gnate mi, si, etc., id. As. 5, 1, 3; cf.: comicum est et Terentianum numquidnam, cum exemptis num et nam sufficere ad interrogationem potuisset [[quid]], Donat. ad Ter. And. 1, 4, 8: num nam haec audivit, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 6: num [[quid]] nam de oratore ipso restat, Cic. Part. Or. 7, 26.—<br /> <b>B</b> Without an [[interrogative]] [[word]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): scis nam [[tibi]] quae praecepi? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 51. (For [[fuller]] details, v. Hand, Turs. 4, pp. 1-22.)> | |lshtext=<b>nam</b>:<br /><b>I</b> conj. [acc. [[sing]]. fem. of pronom. [[stem]] na-; cf.: ἐγώ-νη, τύ-νη; Lat. ne, nae; masc. num; cf.: tum, tam; [[quom]], [[quam]].<br /><b>I</b> To [[introduce]] a [[confirmation]] or [[explanation]], for ([[always]] in [[prose]] [[beginning]] the [[sentence]]; cf.: [[enim]], [[etenim]], and<br /> v. [[infra]] C.).<br /> <b>A</b> Introducing an [[explanation]] or [[fuller]] [[statement]] of [[something]] [[already]] said.<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: is [[pagus]] appellabatur [[Tigurinus]]. Nam [[omnis]] [[civitas]] Helvetia in [[quattuor]] pagos divisa est, Caes. B. G. 1, 12, 4: quibus rebus auditis ... suas [[quoque]] copias in [[tres]] partes distribuerunt. Nam praesidio e regione castrorum relicto ... reliquas copias, etc., id. ib. 7, 61, 5: [[neque]] [[solum]] colent [[inter]] se ac [[diligent]], sed [[etiam]] verebuntur. Nam maximum [[ornamentum]] amicitiae tollit, qui ex eā tollit verecundiam, Cic. Lael. 22, 82; id. Part. Or. 11, 38; id. Or. 43, 147; cf.: pandite [[atque]] aperite [[propere]] januam hanc Orci, opsecro. Nam [[equidem]] [[haut]] [[aliter]] esse [[duco]], Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2. —<br /> <b>2</b> Esp.<br /> <b>(a)</b> To [[introduce]] an explanatory parenthetical [[clause]]: omni ratione colenda justitia est, tum ipsa per [[sese]] (nam [[aliter]] justitia non esset), tum, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42: et in insulā quae est in Fibreno —nam hoc, [[opinor]], [[illi]] alteri flumini [[nomen]] est—sermoni [[reliquo]] [[demus]] operam sedentes, id. Leg. 2, 1, 1: [[tamen]] is ad id locorum [[talis]] vir (nam [[postea]] ambitione [[praeceps]] [[datus]] est), consulatum adpetere non audebat, Sall. J. 63, 6; Sen. Ep. 40, 9.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> To [[resume]] the [[course]] of [[thought]] [[after]] a parenthetical [[interruption]]: hic [[vero]] [[simul]] ... [[atque]] me [[mare]] transisse cognovit (audi, audi, [[atque]] attende ...), nam [[simul]] ac me [[Dyrrachium]] attigisse audivit, etc., Cic. Planc. 41, 98: [[duplex]] [[inde]] Hannibali [[gaudium]] fuit ([[neque]] [[enim]] quidquam eorum, quae [[apud]] hostes agerentur, eum fallebat): nam et liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo [[modo]] capturum, et sollertiae Fabii [[dimidium]] virium decessisse, Liv. 22, 28, 1.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> To [[introduce]] an [[example]], or [[several]] examples, illustrating a [[general]] [[statement]], for [[example]], for [[instance]]: sed [[vivo]] Catone minores [[natu]] multi uno tempore oratores floruerunt. Nam et A. [[Albinus]] ... et [[litteratus]] et [[disertus]] fuit. Nam Q. [[Metellus]] ... in primis est [[habitus]] [[eloquens]], Cic. Brut. 21, 81: [[quin]] [[etiam]] easdem causas ut [[quisque]] egerit utile erit scire. Nam de [[domo]] Ciceronis dixit [[Calidius]], et pro Milone orationem [[Brutus]] exercitationis gratiā scripsit, Quint. 10, 1, 23; 8, 6, 38; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 23.—<br /> <b>B</b> Introducing a [[ground]] or [[reason]] for a [[fact]], [[command]], or [[principle]].<br /> <b>1</b> In gen.: [[quamobrem]], [[Quirites]], celebratote illos [[dies]] cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris: nam multi [[saepe]] honores dīs immortalibus justi habiti sunt, sed [[profecto]] justiores [[numquam]], Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 23: [[vires]] vitaque [[corpus]] [[meum]] [[nunc]] deserit omne: nam me [[visus]] [[homo]] [[pulcher]], etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40: qui ... dilectum habere noluerit. Nam sociorum auxilia aut ita imbecilla sunt, ut non [[multum]] nos juvare possint, etc., Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 11.—<br /> <b>2</b> Esp., introducing the [[speaker]]'s [[reason]] for a [[particular]] form of [[statement]], etc.: Phoenices [[alias]] urbes in orā maritumā condidere ... nam de Carthagine silere [[melius]] [[puto]] [[quam]] [[parum]] dicere, Sall. J. 19, 1; cf. Mercuri (nam te [[docilis]] [[magistro]] Movit [[Amphion]] lapides canendo), etc., Hor. C. 3, 11, 1; so in a [[question]]: una [[domus]] erat, [[idem]] [[victus]] isque [[communis]] ... nam [[quid]] ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi [[semper]] aliquid, etc., Cic. Lael. 27, 104: nam [[quid]] ego de cotidiano sermone querimoniāque populi Romani loquar? id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 129.—<br /> <b>3</b> Loosely, introducing the [[speaker]]'s [[reason]] for [[saying]] [[what]] precedes: nam ego ad Menaechmum [[nunc]] eo (I [[have]] said this), for, etc., Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; id. Trin. 1, 1, 3 Brix ad loc.—So esp. [[after]] a [[general]] [[remark]], introducing its [[illustration]] in the [[case]] in [[hand]], Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 58 Spengel ad loc.; id. Most. 5, 1, 3; id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—<br /> <b>4</b> In a [[still]] looser [[connection]], introducing a [[particular]] [[fact]] or [[argument]] in [[support]] of [[what]] precedes, [[but]], [[now]], [[certainly]]: L. Sisennae [[omnis]] [[facultas]] ex historiā ipsius perspici potest, quae cum [[facile]] vincat superiores, tum indicat [[quantum]] absit a summo ... Nam Q. Hortensii [[admodum]] adulescentis [[ingenium]] [[simul]] aspectum et probatum est, Cic. Brut. 64, 228; 43, 161; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68: at [[prooemium]] [[aliquando]] et narrationem dicit [[malus]] [[homo]] et argumenta sic, ut [[nihil]] [[sit]] in his requirendum. Nam et [[latro]] pugnabit [[acriter]], [[virtus]] [[tamen]] erit [[fortitudo]], Quint. 2, 20, 10.—<br /> <b>5</b> Ellipt., in [[reply]] to a [[question]] or [[remark]], [[where]] the [[answer]] is [[implied]], and nam introduces the [[reason]] for it; for [[assuredly]], [[certainly]]: nos hunc Heracliensem, multis civitatibus expetitum ... de nostrā civitate eiciemus? Nam si [[quis]] minorem gloriae fructum putat ex Graecis versibus percipi [[quam]] ex Latinis, [[vehementer]] errat, Cic. Arch. 10, 22 sq.: [[numquid]] [[ergo]] hic [[Lysimachus]], [[felicitate]] quādam dentibus leonis [[elapsus]], ob hoc cum [[ipse]] regnaret mitior fuit? Nam Telesphorum Rhodium amicum suum ... in caveā [[velut]] novum [[animal]] aliquod ... pavit, Sen. de Ira. 3, 17, 3; cf.: de eis rebus, inquit [[Crassus]], quibus sciam poteroque. Tum [[ille]]: nam [[quod]] tu non poteris aut nescies, [[quis]] [[nostrum]] tam [[impudens]] est, qui se scire aut posse postulet? Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 101.—So [[with]] particles of [[asseveration]]: mehercule, [[hercule]], [[edepol]], etc.: [[tamen]] [[tibi]] a me nulla orta est injuria. Aes. Nam [[hercle]] [[etiam]] hoc restat, i. e. not [[yet]]; for [[that]] is to [[come]] [[hereafter]], Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 36: sume, posce, prome quidvis: te [[facio]] [[cellarium]]. Er. Nam [[nisi]] [[hercle]] manticinatus [[probe]] ero, fusti pectito, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 115: dicunt ei [[fere]] nullam esse columnam, quae ad [[perpendiculum]] esse possit. Nam mehercule, inquit, sic [[agamus]]: columnae ad [[perpendiculum]] exigantur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133.—<br /> <b>C</b> The [[conjunction]] nam [[sometimes]] follows a [[word]] of the [[clause]] ([[poet]]. and perh. not [[ante]]-Aug.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 246): prohibent nam [[cetera]] Parcae Scire, Verg. A. 3, 379: solam nam [[perfidus]] [[ille]] Te colere, id. ib. 4, 421; 10, 585; 1, 444: [[olim]] nam quaerere amabam, Hor. S. 2, 3, 20; 41: ego nam videor mihi [[sanus]], id. ib. 2, 3, 302: his nam [[plebecula]] [[plaudit]], id. Ep. 2, 1, 186.<br /><b>II</b> In transitions.<br /> <b>A</b> Introducing a [[new]] [[subject]] as of [[secondary]] [[importance]]; [[but]] [[now]], on the [[other]] [[hand]]: nam [[quod]] rumores distulerunt malivoli, Multas contamināsse Graecas, dum facit Paucas Latinas: [[factum]] hic esse id non negat, Neque se pigere, Ter. Heaut. prol. 19: nam [[quod]] purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, etc., Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2: nam [[quod]] negas te dubitare [[quin]] magnā in offensā sim [[apud]] Pompeium hoc tempore, non [[video]] causam [[cur]] ita [[sit]], id. ib. 9, 2, a, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 47: nam [[auguralis]] libros ad [[commune]] utriusque [[nostrum]] [[otium]] [[serva]], id. Fam. 3, 11, 4: nam Vestae [[nomen]] a Graecis est, i. e. [[though]] [[that]] of [[Janus]], [[before]] named, is Latin, id. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68; Quint. 1, 11, 7; 10, 1, 9.—<br /> <b>B</b> Esp., in referring to a [[consideration]] [[too]] [[obvious]] to [[require]] [[discussion]], for [[obviously]], for it is [[certain]], etc.: [[postremo]] hoc in [[pectus]] tuum demitte, [[numquam]] populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse: nam [[bello]] [[quid]] valeat, [[tute]] scis, Sall. J. 102, 11; Liv. 39, 26, 3; Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Tac. H. 4, 76.<br /><b>III</b> In interrogations, [[emphatically]], expressing [[wonder]] or [[emotion]] in the questioner; cf. Gr. γάρ.<br /> <b>A</b> With an [[interrogative]].<br /> <b>1</b> Beginning a [[sentence]] (anteclass. and [[poet]].): perdidisti omnem operam? Ep. Nam quī perdidi? [[but]] [[how]]? [[but]] [[why]]? Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 29: nam quem ego adspicio? id. Poen. 5, 3, 3: [[quid]] ego [[ago]]? Tr. Nam [[quid]] tu, [[malum]], me rogitas [[quid]] agas? id. Most. 2, 1, 21: nam quae haec [[anus]] est exanimata a fratre quae egressa'st meo? Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 5: nam [[quid]] ita? id. Eun. 5, 2, 58: nam quem? [[alium]] habui neminem, id. ib. 4, 4, 13: nam [[quam]] ob rem? (= quamnam), Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2: nam quā me causā extrusisti ex aedibus? id. Aul. 1, 1, 5 et saep.: nam [[quis]] te, juvenum confidentissime, [[nostras]] Jussit adire domos? Verg. G. 4, 445 ([[but]] cf. Forbig. ad loc. and Kritz ad Sall. J. 19, 2): nam quae tam [[sera]] moratur Segnities? id. A. 2, 373: [[bellua]] multorum es [[capitum]]. Nam [[quid]] sequar aut quem? Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76.—<br /> <b>2</b> Joined as enclitic to an [[interrogative]] [[word]]: [[quinam]] [[homo]] hic [[ante]] aedīs [[nostras]] conqueritur? Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 17: [[quidnam]] id est? id. Trin. 5, 2, 45: [[quisnam]] [[igitur]] tuebitur P. Scipionis memoriam mortui? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80: O di immortales, [[ubinam]] gentium sumus? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24: sed [[Allobroges]] diu in [[incerto]] habuere [[quidnam]] consilii caperent, Sall. C. 41, 1.—For [[quianam]], v. [[quia]] fin.—<br /> <b>3</b> Separated from the [[interrogative]] [[word]]: [[quid]] [[tibi]] ex filio nam, [[obsecro]], [[aegre]] est? Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 27: [[quis]] ea'st nam optuma? id. Aul. 2, 1, 17; 3, 2, 3: [[quid]] [[cerussa]] [[opus]] nam? id. Most. 1, 3, 101: [[quis]] est nam [[ludus]] in undis? Verg. E. 9, 39.—<br /> <b>4</b> With num: num [[tibi]] nam, amabo, janua est [[mordax]] mea? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1: num [[quid]] nam [[tibi]] molestum est, gnate mi, si, etc., id. As. 5, 1, 3; cf.: comicum est et Terentianum numquidnam, cum exemptis num et nam sufficere ad interrogationem potuisset [[quid]], Donat. ad Ter. And. 1, 4, 8: num nam haec audivit, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 6: num [[quid]] nam de oratore ipso restat, Cic. Part. Or. 7, 26.—<br /> <b>B</b> Without an [[interrogative]] [[word]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): scis nam [[tibi]] quae praecepi? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 51. (For [[fuller]] details, v. Hand, Turs. 4, pp. 1-22.)> | ||
}} | |||
{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=<b>nam</b>,⁴<br /> <b>I</b> particule d’affirmation qui attire l’attention sur un fait :<br /><b>1</b> de fait, voyons, en vérité, en réalité : [[obsecro]], tace. — Nam [[hic]] [[nunc]] [[licet]] dicere, [[nos]] sumus Pl. Cas. 196, de grâce, tais-toi. — Voyons en vérité, ici, à présent nous pouvons parler, nous ne sommes que nous, cf. Mil. 629 ; Capt. 896 || [en part. dans les interrog.] : scelestissumum te [[arbitror]]. — Nam [[quamobrem]] ? Pl. Amph. 552, je te crois un franc scélérat. — Voyons, pourquoi ? cf. Pl. Most. 644 ; Rud. 687 ; Epid. 132 ; Aul. 42, 44 ; etc. ; da [[mihi]], optuma [[femina]], manum. — Ubi east ? [[quis]] east [[nam]] optuma ? Pl. Aul. 136, donne-moi la main, excellente femme. — Où [[est]]-elle ? qui [[est]]-elle donc [[cette]] excellente femme ? cf. Pl. Aul. 427 ; Bacch. 1114 ; Most. 258, etc. ; scis [[nam]], [[tibi]] quæ præcepi ? Pl. Pers. 379, sais-tu, voyons, ce que je t’ai recommandé ?<br /><b>2</b> il [[est]] un fait, c’[[est]] que : an [[tibi]] fabellæ videntur ? [[nonne]] ab A. Postumio ædem Castori et Polluci dedicatam, [[nonne]] [[senatus]] [[consultum]] de Vatinio vides ? Nam de [[Sagra]] Græcorum [[etiam]] [[est]] vulgare [[proverbium]]... Cic. Nat. 3, 13, eh [[quoi]] ! ce sont des fables à tes yeux ? pourtant ne vois-tu pas le temple dédié par A. [[Postumius]] à [[Castor]] et [[Pollux]] ? ne vois-tu pas le sénatus [[consulte]] en faveur de [[Vatinius]] ? et c’[[est]] un fait que sur l’affaire de la Sagre, il y a même un proverbe répandu chez les Grecs..., cf. Cic. Arch. 23 ; Fin. 1, 12 ; Div. 2, 97 ; Tusc. 4, 52, etc. || [sert souvent à introduire une autre idée, un autre fait ; on le traduit approximativement par « quant à », mais il a [[plus]] de vivacité que [[autem]] auquel il correspond souvent] : Cic. Br. 239 ; Nat. 1, 27 et 28, etc. || [en part. dans les interrog. oratoires et dans ce que la rhét. appelle prétérition] : Cic. Læl. 104 ; Verr. 2, 5, 158 ; Nat. 3, 38 ; Tusc. 4, 37 ; Div. 1, 26, etc. || [souvent aussi avec [[quod]] de transition] quant à ce fait que : Cic. de Or. 1, 234 ; 1, 254 ; Tusc. 3, 73 ; 4, 57 ; Div. 2, 66 ; 2, 68, etc.<br /><b>3</b> il [[est]] un fait, c’[[est]] que [introduisant une réserve ; comparer le français « par exemple »] : P. Rutilii adulescentiam ad opinionem et innocentiæ et juris scientiæ P. Mucii commendavit [[domus]]. Nam L. [[quidem]] [[Crassus]]... [[non]] [[aliunde]] [[mutuatus]] [[est]], [[sed]] [[sibi]] [[ipse]] peperit laudem... Cic. Off. 2, 47, P. [[Rutilius]] dans sa jeunesse eut, pour acquérir sa réputation d’intégrité à la fois et d’habileté dans le droit, la recommandation d’avoir séjourné dans la maison de P. [[Mucius]] ; par exemple, L. [[Crassus]], lui, n’emprunta pas ailleurs, mais se créa à lui-même sa gloire..., cf. Cic. Br. 161 ; 175 ; 178 ; 222 ; 228 ; etc.<br /> <b>II</b> [conj. servant à confirmer] de fait :<br /><b>1</b> Euclionis filiam laudant ; [[sapienter]] [[factum]] et consilio bono ; [[nam]] [[meo]] [[quidem]] [[animo]] si [[idem]] faciant ceteri... Pl. Aul. 478, ils louent la fille d’Euclion ; ils trouvent que j’agis sagement et en prenant un bon [[parti]] ; le fait [[est]] que, à mon sens du moins, si tous les autres agissaient ainsi..., cf. Pl. Most. 858 ; unum [[illud]] [[mihi]] videris imitari orationis [[genus]]. — Vellem [[fortasse]] ; [[quis]] [[enim]] id potest [[aut]] [[umquam]] poterit imitari ? [[nam]] sententias interpretari [[perfacile]] [[est]] : [[quod]] [[quidem]] [[ego]] facerem, [[nisi]] [[plane]] [[esse]] vellem [[meus]] Cic. Leg. 2, 17, il n’y a qu’une chose que tu me sembles imiter, son style. — Tout au [[plus]] en aurais-je la volonté ; car qui peut ou pourra jamais l’imiter ? de fait, ce sont les idées qu’il [[est]] très [[facile]] de reproduire, et cela, pour mon [[compte]], je l’aurais accompli, si je n’avais voulu être absolument moi-même, cf. Cic. Off. 3, 28 ; 3, 32 ; Leg. 2, 28 ; Br. 297 ; Fin. 2, 35 ; Tusc. 1, 57 ; etc. || [dans une réponse [[confirmative]] : de iis, [[credo]], rebus, inquit [[Crassus]], ut in cretionibus scribi solet « quibus sciam poteroque ». — Tum [[ille]] : [[nam]] [[quod]] tu [[non]] poteris [[aut]] nescies, [[quis]] [[nostrum]]... Cic. de Or. 1, 101, je parlerai, j’imagine, répartit [[Crassus]], sur les sujets où, comme on le dit dans les actes d’héritage, je saurai et je pourrai. — Alors lui : de fait, sur ce que toi tu ne pourras pas ou que tu ne sauras pas, qui de nous..., cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 144 ; Verr. 2, 1, 133 ; 2, 72<br /><b>2</b> [confirmatif et explicatif] de fait, car, c’[[est]] que : is [[pagus]] appellabatur [[Tigurinus]] ; [[nam]] [[omnis]] [[civitas]] Helvetia in [[quattuor]] pagos divisa [[est]] Cæs. G. 1, 12, 4, [[cette]] circonscription était celle des Tigurins ; car tout l’état Helvète [[est]] divisé en quatre circonscriptions, cf. Cic. Læl. 82 ; Part. 38 ; Or. 147, etc. || [introduit des parenthèses] : colenda [[justitia]] [[est]], tum ipsa [[per]] [[sese]] ([[nam]] [[aliter]] [[justitia]] [[non]] esset), tum... Cic. Off. 2, 42, il faut pratiquer la justice, d’abord pour elle-même (car autrement ce ne serait pas la justice), ensuite..., cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 1, etc. || [reprend le développ<sup>t</sup> après une parenthèse] : Cic. Planc. 98<br /><b>3</b> de fait, ainsi, par exemple : [[multi]] [[uno]] tempore oratores floruerunt ; [[nam]] et [[Albinus]]... et... Cic. Br. 81, beaucoup d’orateurs fleurirent à la même époque ; ainsi d’une part [[Albinus]]..., d’autre part..., cf. Cic. Off. 1, 32 ; 2, 65 ; Rep. 1, 44 ; Leg. 1, 41 ; de Or. 2, 221 ; 2, 237, etc. || [introduit un développ<sup>t</sup> annoncé] : [[quid]] [[tamquam]] notandum et animadvertendum sit in Hortensio, [[breviter]] [[licet]] dicere. Nam is [[post]] consulatum... Cic. Br. 320, ce qui mérite chez [[Hortensius]] d’être pour ainsi [[dire]] noté et critiqué, je puis l’indiquer brièvement. De fait, après son consulat..., cf. Cic. Arch. 28 ; Or. 174 ; Ac. 1, 4, etc. || [souvent même, il équivaut au français « à savoir » ou à [[nos]] deux points, suivis de guillemets] : [[duplex]] [[est]] [[ratio]] veri reperiendi... ; [[nam]] [[aut]]... [[aut]] Cic. Tusc. 3, 56, il y a deux façons de découvrir le vrai : ou bien..., ou bien..., cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 72 ; 5, 9 ; Off. 1, 9 ; 1, 96 ; 2, 52 ; Div. 1, 46 ; 1, 101 ; Nat. 2, 128 ; Verr. 2, 4, 61, etc.<br /> <b>III</b> [conjonction causale] car, en effet ; [emploi le [[plus]] fréquent ; parfois suivie d’une construction paratactique] : clausulas diligentius [[etiam]] servandas [[esse]] [[arbitror]] [[quam]] superiora, [[quod]] in [[eis]] [[maxime]] [[perfectio]] [[atque]] [[absolutio]] judicatur. Nam [[versus]] æque [[prima]] et media et extrema [[pars]] attenditur... ; in oratione [[autem]] [[pauci]] [[prima]] cernunt, postrema [[plerique]]... Cic. de Or. 3, 192, il faut, à mon [[avis]], soigner même davantage les fins de phrase que les parties antérieures, parce que c’[[est]] là surtout qu’on [[juge]] la perfection absolue. En effet, tandis que dans le vers on fait attention également au début, au milieu, à la fin..., dans la prose au contraire peu d’auditeurs remarquent les débuts de la phrase, mais presque tous en remarquent la fin..., cf. Cic. Off. 3, 22 ; Leg. 2, 24 ; Fam. 9, 15, 1. [[nam]] se place en tête de la phrase ; qqf. il se trouve après un ou plusieurs mots, surtout chez les comiques. | |||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 06:41, 14 August 2017
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
nam:
I conj. [acc. sing. fem. of pronom. stem na-; cf.: ἐγώ-νη, τύ-νη; Lat. ne, nae; masc. num; cf.: tum, tam; quom, quam.
I To introduce a confirmation or explanation, for (always in prose beginning the sentence; cf.: enim, etenim, and
v. infra C.).
A Introducing an explanation or fuller statement of something already said.
1 In gen.: is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus. Nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est, Caes. B. G. 1, 12, 4: quibus rebus auditis ... suas quoque copias in tres partes distribuerunt. Nam praesidio e regione castrorum relicto ... reliquas copias, etc., id. ib. 7, 61, 5: neque solum colent inter se ac diligent, sed etiam verebuntur. Nam maximum ornamentum amicitiae tollit, qui ex eā tollit verecundiam, Cic. Lael. 22, 82; id. Part. Or. 11, 38; id. Or. 43, 147; cf.: pandite atque aperite propere januam hanc Orci, opsecro. Nam equidem haut aliter esse duco, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2. —
2 Esp.
(a) To introduce an explanatory parenthetical clause: omni ratione colenda justitia est, tum ipsa per sese (nam aliter justitia non esset), tum, etc., Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42: et in insulā quae est in Fibreno —nam hoc, opinor, illi alteri flumini nomen est—sermoni reliquo demus operam sedentes, id. Leg. 2, 1, 1: tamen is ad id locorum talis vir (nam postea ambitione praeceps datus est), consulatum adpetere non audebat, Sall. J. 63, 6; Sen. Ep. 40, 9.—
(b) To resume the course of thought after a parenthetical interruption: hic vero simul ... atque me mare transisse cognovit (audi, audi, atque attende ...), nam simul ac me Dyrrachium attigisse audivit, etc., Cic. Planc. 41, 98: duplex inde Hannibali gaudium fuit (neque enim quidquam eorum, quae apud hostes agerentur, eum fallebat): nam et liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo capturum, et sollertiae Fabii dimidium virium decessisse, Liv. 22, 28, 1.—
(g) To introduce an example, or several examples, illustrating a general statement, for example, for instance: sed vivo Catone minores natu multi uno tempore oratores floruerunt. Nam et A. Albinus ... et litteratus et disertus fuit. Nam Q. Metellus ... in primis est habitus eloquens, Cic. Brut. 21, 81: quin etiam easdem causas ut quisque egerit utile erit scire. Nam de domo Ciceronis dixit Calidius, et pro Milone orationem Brutus exercitationis gratiā scripsit, Quint. 10, 1, 23; 8, 6, 38; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 23.—
B Introducing a ground or reason for a fact, command, or principle.
1 In gen.: quamobrem, Quirites, celebratote illos dies cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris: nam multi saepe honores dīs immortalibus justi habiti sunt, sed profecto justiores numquam, Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 23: vires vitaque corpus meum nunc deserit omne: nam me visus homo pulcher, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40: qui ... dilectum habere noluerit. Nam sociorum auxilia aut ita imbecilla sunt, ut non multum nos juvare possint, etc., Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 11.—
2 Esp., introducing the speaker's reason for a particular form of statement, etc.: Phoenices alias urbes in orā maritumā condidere ... nam de Carthagine silere melius puto quam parum dicere, Sall. J. 19, 1; cf. Mercuri (nam te docilis magistro Movit Amphion lapides canendo), etc., Hor. C. 3, 11, 1; so in a question: una domus erat, idem victus isque communis ... nam quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid, etc., Cic. Lael. 27, 104: nam quid ego de cotidiano sermone querimoniāque populi Romani loquar? id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 129.—
3 Loosely, introducing the speaker's reason for saying what precedes: nam ego ad Menaechmum nunc eo (I have said this), for, etc., Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; id. Trin. 1, 1, 3 Brix ad loc.—So esp. after a general remark, introducing its illustration in the case in hand, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 58 Spengel ad loc.; id. Most. 5, 1, 3; id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—
4 In a still looser connection, introducing a particular fact or argument in support of what precedes, but, now, certainly: L. Sisennae omnis facultas ex historiā ipsius perspici potest, quae cum facile vincat superiores, tum indicat quantum absit a summo ... Nam Q. Hortensii admodum adulescentis ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est, Cic. Brut. 64, 228; 43, 161; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68: at prooemium aliquando et narrationem dicit malus homo et argumenta sic, ut nihil sit in his requirendum. Nam et latro pugnabit acriter, virtus tamen erit fortitudo, Quint. 2, 20, 10.—
5 Ellipt., in reply to a question or remark, where the answer is implied, and nam introduces the reason for it; for assuredly, certainly: nos hunc Heracliensem, multis civitatibus expetitum ... de nostrā civitate eiciemus? Nam si quis minorem gloriae fructum putat ex Graecis versibus percipi quam ex Latinis, vehementer errat, Cic. Arch. 10, 22 sq.: numquid ergo hic Lysimachus, felicitate quādam dentibus leonis elapsus, ob hoc cum ipse regnaret mitior fuit? Nam Telesphorum Rhodium amicum suum ... in caveā velut novum animal aliquod ... pavit, Sen. de Ira. 3, 17, 3; cf.: de eis rebus, inquit Crassus, quibus sciam poteroque. Tum ille: nam quod tu non poteris aut nescies, quis nostrum tam impudens est, qui se scire aut posse postulet? Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 101.—So with particles of asseveration: mehercule, hercule, edepol, etc.: tamen tibi a me nulla orta est injuria. Aes. Nam hercle etiam hoc restat, i. e. not yet; for that is to come hereafter, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 36: sume, posce, prome quidvis: te facio cellarium. Er. Nam nisi hercle manticinatus probe ero, fusti pectito, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 115: dicunt ei fere nullam esse columnam, quae ad perpendiculum esse possit. Nam mehercule, inquit, sic agamus: columnae ad perpendiculum exigantur, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133.—
C The conjunction nam sometimes follows a word of the clause (poet. and perh. not ante-Aug.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 246): prohibent nam cetera Parcae Scire, Verg. A. 3, 379: solam nam perfidus ille Te colere, id. ib. 4, 421; 10, 585; 1, 444: olim nam quaerere amabam, Hor. S. 2, 3, 20; 41: ego nam videor mihi sanus, id. ib. 2, 3, 302: his nam plebecula plaudit, id. Ep. 2, 1, 186.
II In transitions.
A Introducing a new subject as of secondary importance; but now, on the other hand: nam quod rumores distulerunt malivoli, Multas contamināsse Graecas, dum facit Paucas Latinas: factum hic esse id non negat, Neque se pigere, Ter. Heaut. prol. 19: nam quod purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, etc., Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2: nam quod negas te dubitare quin magnā in offensā sim apud Pompeium hoc tempore, non video causam cur ita sit, id. ib. 9, 2, a, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 47: nam auguralis libros ad commune utriusque nostrum otium serva, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4: nam Vestae nomen a Graecis est, i. e. though that of Janus, before named, is Latin, id. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68; Quint. 1, 11, 7; 10, 1, 9.—
B Esp., in referring to a consideration too obvious to require discussion, for obviously, for it is certain, etc.: postremo hoc in pectus tuum demitte, numquam populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse: nam bello quid valeat, tute scis, Sall. J. 102, 11; Liv. 39, 26, 3; Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Tac. H. 4, 76.
III In interrogations, emphatically, expressing wonder or emotion in the questioner; cf. Gr. γάρ.
A With an interrogative.
1 Beginning a sentence (anteclass. and poet.): perdidisti omnem operam? Ep. Nam quī perdidi? but how? but why? Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 29: nam quem ego adspicio? id. Poen. 5, 3, 3: quid ego ago? Tr. Nam quid tu, malum, me rogitas quid agas? id. Most. 2, 1, 21: nam quae haec anus est exanimata a fratre quae egressa'st meo? Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 5: nam quid ita? id. Eun. 5, 2, 58: nam quem? alium habui neminem, id. ib. 4, 4, 13: nam quam ob rem? (= quamnam), Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2: nam quā me causā extrusisti ex aedibus? id. Aul. 1, 1, 5 et saep.: nam quis te, juvenum confidentissime, nostras Jussit adire domos? Verg. G. 4, 445 (but cf. Forbig. ad loc. and Kritz ad Sall. J. 19, 2): nam quae tam sera moratur Segnities? id. A. 2, 373: bellua multorum es capitum. Nam quid sequar aut quem? Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76.—
2 Joined as enclitic to an interrogative word: quinam homo hic ante aedīs nostras conqueritur? Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 17: quidnam id est? id. Trin. 5, 2, 45: quisnam igitur tuebitur P. Scipionis memoriam mortui? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80: O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24: sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere quidnam consilii caperent, Sall. C. 41, 1.—For quianam, v. quia fin.—
3 Separated from the interrogative word: quid tibi ex filio nam, obsecro, aegre est? Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 27: quis ea'st nam optuma? id. Aul. 2, 1, 17; 3, 2, 3: quid cerussa opus nam? id. Most. 1, 3, 101: quis est nam ludus in undis? Verg. E. 9, 39.—
4 With num: num tibi nam, amabo, janua est mordax mea? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1: num quid nam tibi molestum est, gnate mi, si, etc., id. As. 5, 1, 3; cf.: comicum est et Terentianum numquidnam, cum exemptis num et nam sufficere ad interrogationem potuisset quid, Donat. ad Ter. And. 1, 4, 8: num nam haec audivit, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 6: num quid nam de oratore ipso restat, Cic. Part. Or. 7, 26.—
B Without an interrogative word (very rare): scis nam tibi quae praecepi? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 51. (For fuller details, v. Hand, Turs. 4, pp. 1-22.)>
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
nam,⁴
I particule d’affirmation qui attire l’attention sur un fait :
1 de fait, voyons, en vérité, en réalité : obsecro, tace. — Nam hic nunc licet dicere, nos sumus Pl. Cas. 196, de grâce, tais-toi. — Voyons en vérité, ici, à présent nous pouvons parler, nous ne sommes que nous, cf. Mil. 629 ; Capt. 896
