ἅγιος

English (LSJ)

[ᾰ], α, ον,

   A devoted to the gods:    I in good sense, sacred, holy:    1 of things, esp. temples, ἈΦροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅ. Hdt. 2.41; ἱρο'ν Ἡρακλέος ἅ. ib.44, cf. Pl.Criti.116c, X.HG3.2.19; θηρίον Antiph.147.7; νηὸν ἐπὶ τῷ χάσματι Ἥρης ἅ. ἐστήσατο Luc.Syr.D.13: generally, θυσίαι, ξυμβόλαια, Isoc.10.63, Pl.Lg.729e (Sup.); μητρός.. ἐστι πατρὶς ἁγιώτερον Id.Cri.51a; ὅρκος ἅ. Arist.Mir.834b11; ἅ., τό, temple, OGI56.59 (Canopus), LXX Ex.26.33, al., cf. Ep.Heb.9.2; τὸ ἅ. τῶν ἁγίων Holy of Holies, LXX l. c.; τὰ ἅ. τῶν ἁ. 3 Ki.8.6, etc., cf. Ep.Heb.9.3.    2 of persons, holy, pure, Ar.Av.522 (anap.); λαὸς ἅ. Κυρίῳ LXX De.7.6, al.; οἱ ἅ. the Saints, 1 Ep.Cor.6.1,al.; πνεῦμα ἅ. the Holy Spirit, Ev.Matt.3.11, al. Adv. ἁγίως καὶ σεμνῶς ἔχειν Isoc. 11.25.    II in bad sense, accursed, execrable, Cratin.373, Eust. 1356.59.—Never in Hom., Hes., or Trag. (who use ἁγνός); rare in Att. (v. supr.). (Possibly cognate with Skt. yajati 'sacrifice'.)

German (Pape)

[Seite 14] (vgl. ἅγος, ἅζω), c. gen., heilig, einer Gottheit geweiht; ἱερὸν θεοῦ ἅγιον Her. 2, 41; ἱερὸν μάλα ἅγιον Xen. Hell. 3, 2, 14; θυσία Isocr. 10, 63, wo vor Bekk. ἁγίους θυσίας stand; Ἀφροδίτης 2, 41; so auch Isocr. Areop. 49; superlat. Xen. Hell. 3, 2, 14; Plat. Critia 116 c; Sp.; – absolut, ehrwürdig, Ar. Av. 522; scheuerregend, rein (σεβάσμιος, καθαρός); mit σεμνός verbunden, νοῦς Plat. Soph. 249 a; πατρίς Crit. 51 a; auch allein, τόπος Legg. X, 904 d; συμβόλαια V, 279 c; ἁγιώτατα σώματα Plut. Symp. 5, 7, 5. Bei Tragikern findet sich das Wort nicht. denn Aesch. Suppl. 858 ist zw. L. – Sehr häufig im N. F. heilig, rein, abgesondert. In der Bdtg: verflucht, wie sacer, μιαρός, Cratin. in B. A. p. 337. Auch adv. ἁγίως.

Greek (Liddell-Scott)

ἅγιος: [ᾰ], -α, -ον, (ἅγος ἢ ἄγος), ὁ καθιερωμένος τοῖς θεοῖς, Λατ. sacer, ὅθεν I. ἐπὶ καλῆς σημασίας, ἱερός, ἅγιος· περὶ πραγμάτων, ἰδίως ναῶν, Ἀφροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅγιον, Ἡρόδ. 2. 41· ἱρὸν Ἡρακλέους ἅγιον, αὐτ. 44· πρβλ. Πλάτ. Κριτί. 116C, Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 3. 2, 19. ― Ἐν τοῖς χωρίοις τούτοις ἡ γεν. λαμβάνεται πολλάκις ὡς ἐξηρτημένη ἐκ τοῦ ἅγιον, = ἀφιερωμένον εἰς τὴν Ἀφροδίτην, κτλ.· ἀλλὰ πιθανῶς τοῦτο εἶνε ἐσφαλμένον· ἀλλ᾿ ὅμως οὕτω πρέπει νὰ ἔχῃ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐν Λουκ. Συρ. Θ. 13 (νηὸν ἐπὶ χάσματι Ἥρης ἅγιον ἐστήσατο): ― καθόλου, θυσίαι, ξυμβόλαια, Ἰσοκρ. 218D, Πλάτ.· μητρός… ἐστι πατρὶς ἁγιώτερον, ὁ αὐτ. Κρίτ. 51Α. ὅρκος ἅγ., Ἀριστ. θαυμ. ἀκ. 57. 1: τὸ ἅγιον, ὁ ναός, Ἑβδ., κτλ.· τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων, τὸ ἄδυτον· αὐτ. Πρβλ. Ἐπιστ. Ἑβρ. θ΄. 3. 2) ἐπὶ προσώπων, ἅγιος, εὐσεβής, ἁγνός, Ἀριστοφ. Ὄρν. 522 (ἀνάπ.): ― Ἐπίρρ. ἁγίως καὶ σεμνῶς ἔχειν, Ἰσοκρ. 226C. Συχν. παρὰ τοῖς Ἑβδ., Κ. Δ., κτλ. ΙΙ. ἐπὶ κακῆς σημασίας, ἐπικατάρατος, μιαρός, ἐναγής, ὡς τὸ Λατ. sacer, Κρατῖν. Ἄδηλ. 35, Ἀντιφ. Λύκ. 7, Εὐστ. 1356. 59. ― Ἡ λέξις οὐδαμοῦ εὑρίσκεται παρ’ Ὁμ. ἢ Ἡσ. καὶ εἶνε σπανία παρ’ Ἀττ. (ἴδε ἀνωτ.) οὐδ’ εὑρίσκεταί που παρὰ τοῖς Τραγ. οἵτινες μεταχειρίζονται ἀντ’ αὐτῆς τὸ ἁγνός, Pors. Εὐρ. Μήδ. 752.

French (Bailly abrégé)

α, ον :
saint, sacré, auguste ; Ἀφροδίτης Ἱρὸν ἅγιον HDT sanctuaire consacré à Aphrodite ; SEPT mis à part pour ou par Dieu, consacré ; saint, moralement pur, parfait.
Étymologie: R. Ἁγ, cf. ἁγνός.

Spanish (DGE)

-α, -ον

• Prosodia: [ᾰ-]
A Ide cosas, lugares, etc.
1 santo, sagrado, consagrado a un dios de un pueblo o ciudad, del templo ἱρόν, ἱερόν frec. c. gen. del dios Ἀφροδίτης ἱρὸν ἅ. Hdt.2.41, cf. 44, Pl.Criti.115c, X.HG 3.2.19, Isoc.7.29, D.59.76, 77, 25.35 (cf. infra), Tit.Cam.109.14 (IV a.C.), Paus.10.32.13, IMylasa 602.16 (I a.C.), LXX 1Es.1.53, 2Ma.1.29, 5.15, νηός Luc.Syr.D.13
•de lugares santos ἄλσος Hdt.5.119, ὁ γὰρ τόπος ... γῆ ἁγία ἐστί LXX Ex.3.5, σφάξουσι τὸν ἀμνόν ... ἐν τόπῳ ἁ. LXX Le.14.13, de Jerusalén ἁ. πόλις la ciudad santa LXX 1Ma.2.7, 2Ma.1.12, πόλις ἁγία LXX To.13.10
•de altares, imágenes y objetos consagrados a los dioses βωμοί Simon.14.9.6, Thespis 4, Ar.Lys.262, ὧ 'πι θὤγιον βρ[έ] τας Call.Fr.196.29, cf. LXX 2Ma.14.3, στολή LXX Ex.28.2, ἔλαιον LXX Ex.30.25, σκεύη ἅ. accesorios, ajuar del templo I.BI 2.321
•de ritos y cultos de iniciación esp. los ceñidos a una divinidad local o de un pueblo o ciu. θυσίαι Isoc.10.63, ἐν τελεταῖς ἁγίαις Ar.Nu.304, τὰς ἁγιωτάτας ἡμῖν τελετὰς καταδείξας Ὀρφεύς D.25.11, cf. Ph.1.633, ἔπραξε δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως τὰ πάτρια τὰ πρὸς θεούς, πολλὰ καὶ ἅγια καὶ ἀπόρρητα D.59.73, τὰ ἁγιώτατα ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι μυστήρια OGI 721.4 (Egipto IV d.C.)
•de fiestas σάββατα LXX Ex.16.23, I.AI 11.77, ἐορτή LXX Le.23.2.
2 de instituciones, contratos o normas sociales, especialmente sancionados por la divinidad santo, sagrado πρὸς τοὺς ξένους ... ἁγιώτατα συμβόλαια Pl.Lg.729e, ἅ. τὰ νόμιμά ἐστιν D.59.78, νόμος Ph.1.675, Ep.Rom.7.12, ὅρκος Arist.Mir.834^b11, διαθήκη LXX 1Ma.1.15, 63, λειτουργίαι Ph.1.663, δόγματα Ph.1.269, ἐκκλησία Ep.Eph.5.27.
3 desde un punto de vista social y moral santo, sagrado πατρὸς ... πατρὶς ... ἁγιώτερον Pl.Cri.51a, ἁγία ὁδός por el que asciende el alma, Pl.Lg.904d, βωμοὶ ... ἁγιώτατοι ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ D.25.35.
II de dioses y pers. o personif.
1 del coro de las aves santo ὑμᾶς πάντες ... μεγάλους ἁγίους τ' ἐνόμιζον Ar.Au.522, de una divinidad invocada como θεῷ ἁγίῳ ὑψίστῳ OGI 378.1 (Bicie, Tracia I d.C.), Θεῷ ἁγίῳ ref. Zeus Doliqueno SEG 32.1388 (Comagene, imper.), ref. Zeus-Dusares SEG 32.1551 (Petra II d.C.), de Ártemis frec. sup. IEphesos 3239.1, 304.9 (ambas III d.C.), IManisa 46.7 (imper.), Hymn.Mag.20.25, de Isis UPZ 79.22 (II a.C.), en la liturgia de dioses orientales Διὶ ἁγίῳ Βεελβεσώρῳ OGI 620.2 (Arabia I d.C.), Βάλ OGI 590.1 (Beirut, imper.), de Yahveh ἅ. ἅ. ἅ. Κύριος σαβαωθ LXX Is.6.3, traducción del nombre de ’El LXX Si.43.10, 47.8, del nombre de ’Elohim LXX Ie.3.21, cf. LXX 2Ma.14.36, 3Ma.2.2, tb. de Cristo Eu.Io.17.11, Act.Ap.4.27, SEG 32.1617 (IV/V d.C.), de la Virgen María SEG 30.1701 (Palestina V d.C.), Ἁγία Θεοτόκε Test.Salaminia 234 (V/VI d.C.), de ἄγγελοι RECAM 2.209B.4 (III d.C.?), de antiguos seres divinos νύκτες A.R.2.908, el cielo, LXX Sap.9.10, Ph.1.625.
2 de pers. santo, consagrado del pueblo hebreo λαὸς ἅ. Κυρίῳ LXX De.7.6, ἁγίου λαοῦ ἅγιος θεός Ph.2.428, de los profetas, LXX Sap.11.1, Eu.Luc.1.70, de los cristianos συμπολῖται τῶν ἁγίων Ep.Eph.2.19, de forma desacralizada, de Epicuro μεγαλόψυχον καὶ ἅ. καὶ ἁγιώτατον Phld.Piet.66.15G.
3 como título santo, san de altos dignatarios de la Iglesia ἁγιώτατος ἀρχιεπίσκοπος IGLS 2032 (IV d.C.), cf. 2507, 2611 (ambas VI d.C.).
4 de conceptos filosóficos que se incorporan a la divinidad santo σεμνὸν καὶ ἅ. del ser universal, Pl.Sph.249a, πνεῦμα ἅ. el Espíritu Santo LXX Sap.1.5, Eu.Marc.1.8, νοῦς, λόγος Ph.1.46, 2.468.
B execrable, abominable Cratin.402, Eust.1356.59, Tz.H.13.314, ad Lyc.436.
C subst.
I τὸ ἅγιον
1 santuario, OGI 56.59 (III a.C.), τοῦ Σαράπιδος UPZ 119.12 (II a.C.), esp. en el AT y lit. hebraica, LXX Ex.35.35, LXX Nu.3.38, Ez.45.18, Ph.1.112, I.AI 3.125, BI 5.386, τὸ ἁγιώτατον el Santísimo, el Santuario I.BI 4.338
•en sent. alegórico τὸ ἅ. κοσμικόν Ep.Hebr.9.1
•τὸ ἅ. τοῦ ἁγίου Santo de los Santos parte más interior del Tabernáculo, LXX Ex.26.33, 34, I.BI 5.219, AI 3.125, del θυσιαστήριον LXX Ex.29.37, τὸ ἅ. τῶν ἁγίων tb. del θυσιαστήριον LXX Ex.40.10 (v. C I 2).
2 de cosas y objetos usados en el culto τὸ ἅ. carne sacrificial LXX Le.22.13, μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅ. τοῖς κυσίν Eu.Matt.7.6
•esp. en la fórmula ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων dicho de θυμίαμα LXX Ex.30.36, ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων ἀπὸ τῶν καρπωμάτων LXX Le.2.10, de una forma de culto ἅγιον τῶν ἁγίων ἀπὸ τῶν θυσιῶν κυρίου LXX Le.2.3.
II τὰ ἅγια
1 santuario, conjunto de los lugares santos y sus accesorios, LXX Iu.4.12, 16, 20, 1Ma.3.43, 59, 10.39, Le.19.30, 20.3, θεραπευτὴς τῶν ἁγίων Ph.1.114, cf. 1.560, I.BI 1.354, 2.341
•santuario idólatra ἔστιν αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις τὰ μιμήματα Ph.1.561.
2 en sent. alegórico el santuario cósmico o ideal οὐκέτι κατὰ τὸν ἔξω τῶν ἀγίων κύκλον οἷα μύστης εἰλούμενος Ph.1.259, τὰ νοητὰ καὶ θεῖα καὶ ἅγια Ph.1.452, cf. Ep.Hebr.9.12, 10.19, Orac.Sib.3.308.
3 τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων Santo de los Santos dicho de cierta parte del templo, LXX 3Re.8.6, LXX 2Pa.4.22, 5.7, Ph.1.76, Ep.Hebr.9.3, Ign.Phil.9.1 (v. C I 1, 2)
•fig. de los cristianos, 1Ep.Clem.29.3.
4 culto, servicio del templo τὰ ἅγια δρᾶν Ph.1.204, cf. 1.216.
III ὁ ἅγιος, οἱ ἅγιοι
1 el santo, el consagrado de Aarón ὁ ἅγιος Κυρίου LXX Ps.105.16
•frec. los santos de pers. consagradas a Dios y separadas del resto, LXX Is.4.3, To.8.15, Ps.33.10, τὰς ἀρετὰς μεγάλων καὶ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἁγίων Ph.2.248, del pueblo de Israel, LXX Ex.19.6, Nu.15.41, de los cristianos, 1Ep.Cor.6.1, cf. 2Ep.Cor.1.1.
2 el Santo de Dios y Cristo 1Ep.Io.2.20, Apoc.3.7, 1Ep.Clem.23.5, ὁ ἅ. τοῦ θεοῦ Eu.Marc.1.24, Eu.Luc.4.34, Eu.Io.6.69.
3 los ángeles LXX Ib.15.15, Si.42.17.
D adv. -ως piadosamente, de modo respetuoso con lo sagrado de los egipcios ἁ. καὶ σεμνῶς ἔχειν Isoc.11.25
•sagradamente de Dios ἁγίως ὁ γράψας ποτὲ δύο π[λ]άκας El que una vez escribió en Su Condición Divina el díptico (de la Ley), Dioscorus 12.17.

• Etimología: Cf. ἅζομαι.

English (Abbott-Smith)

ἅγιος, -α, ον (< τό ἅγός, religious awe; ἅζω, to venerate), [in LXX chiefly for קֹ֫דֶשׁ;]
primarily, dedicated to the gods, sacred (Hdt.; rare in Att., never in Hom., Hes. and Trag., who use ἁγνός), hence, holy, characteristic of God, separated to God, worthy of veneration.
1. Its highest application is to God himself, in his purity, majesty, and glory: Lk 1:49, Jo 17:11, Re 4:8. Hence
(a)of things and places which have a claim to reverence as sacred to God, e.g. the Temple: Mt 24:15, He 9:1;
(b)of persons employed by him, as angels: I Th 3:13; prophets, Lk 1:70; apostles, Eph 3:5.
2.Applied to persons as separated to God's service:
(a)of Christ, Mk 1:24, Jo 6:69, Ac 4:30;
(b)of Christians, Ac 9:13, Ro 1:7, He 6:10, Re 5:8.
3.In the moral sense of sharing God's purity: Mk 6:20, Jo 17:11, Ac 3:14, Re 3:7.
4.Of pure, clean sacrifices and offerings: I Co 7:14, Eph 1:4. SYN.: ἁγνός, pure, both in ceremonial and spiritual sense; ἱερός (sacer), sacred, that which is inviolable because of its (external) relation to God; ὅσιος (sanctus as opp. to nefas), that which is based on everlasting ordinances of right. (Cf. Tr., Syn., §lxxxviii; DB, ii, 399 f.; Cremer, 34, 594-601; MM, VGT, s.v.)

English (Strong)

from hagos (an awful thing) (compare ἁγνός, θάλπω); sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated): (most) holy (one, thing), saint.

English (Thayer)

(from τό ἀγός religious awe, reverence; ἄζω, ἅζομαι, to venerate, revere, especially the gods, parents (Curtius, § 118)), rare in secular authors; very frequent in the sacred writings; in the Sept. for קָדושׁ;
1. properly reverend, worthy of veneration: τό ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἔνδοξος. Hence, used:
a. of things which on account of some connection with God possess a certain distinction and claim to reverence, as places sacred to God which are not to be profaned, τόπος ἅγιος the temple, βδέλυγμα, c.); τό ἅγιον and τά ἅγια (Winer's Grammar, 177 (167)) the temple, מִקְדָּשׁ, Rec.st reads ἅγια); ἅγια ἁγίων (Winer's Grammar, 246 (231), cf. Josephus, Antiquities 3,6, 4)), τά ἅγια is also used: ἅγια πόλις Jerusalem, on account of the temple there, Complutensian LXX), etc.); τό ὄρος τό ἅγιον, because Christ's transfiguration occurred there, ἡ (Θεοῦ) ἅγια διαθήκη i. e. which is the more sacred because made by God himself, τό ἅγιον, that worshipful offspring of divine power, ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστις, faith (quae creditur i. e. the object of faith) which came from God and is therefore to be heeded most sacredly, ἅγια ἐντολή, κλῆσις ἅγια, because it is the invitation of God and claims us as his, ἅγιαι γραφαί (τά βιβλία τά ἅγια, Rec.); οἱ) ἅγιοι (τοῦ) Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι, R G L Tr text); worthies of the O. T. accepted by God for their piety, set apart for God, to be, as it were, exclusively his; followed by a genitive or a dative: τῷ κυρίῳ, τοῦ Θεοῦ (equivalent to ἐκλεκτός τοῦ Θεοῦ) of Christ, ὁ ἅγιος παῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ ἅγιος, οἱ ἅγιοι, because God selected them from the other nations to lead a life acceptable to him and rejoice in his favor and protection (ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου (B. D. American edition under the word Smith's Bible Dictionary, Saints).
3. of sacrifices and offerings; prepared for God with solemn rite, pure, clean (opposed to ἀκάθαρτος): ἄμωμος, ἀπαρχή, θυσία, pure, sinless, upright, holy: δίκαιος καί ἅγιος, of John the Baptist, ἅγιος καί δίκαιος, of Christ, ἅγιαι ἀναστροφαί, νόμος and ἐντολή, i. e. containing nothing exceptionable, φίλημα, such a kiss as is a sign of the purest love, τό ἅγιον πνεῦμα and τό πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον, see πνεῦμα, 4a. Cf. Diestel, Die Heiligkeit Gottes, in Jahrbb. f. deutsch. Theol. iv., p. 1ff; (Baudissin, Stud. z. Semitisch. Religionsgesch. Heft ii., p. 3ff; Delitzsch in Herzog edition 2, see 714ff; especially) Cremer, Wörterbuch, 4te Aufl., p. 32ff (translation of 2nd edition, p. 84ff; Oehler in Herzog 19:618 ff; Zezschwitz, Profangräcität as above with, p. 15ff; Trench, § lxxxviii; Campbell, Dissertations, diss. vi., part iv.; especially Schmidt, chapter 181).

Greek Monotonic

ἅγιος: [ᾰ], -α, -ον (ἄγος),
1. αφιερωμένος στους θεούς, ιερός, άγιος, Λατ. sacer: α) λέγεται για πράγματα ιδίως για ναούς και ιερά, σε Ηρόδ., Ξεν. κ.λπ.· τὸ ἅγιον, ο ναός· τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων, τα ιερώτερα των ιερών, σε Καινή Διαθήκη β) λέγεται και για πρόσωπα, άγιος, ευσεβής, αγνός, σε Αριστοφ.· επίρρ. ἁγίως, σε Ισοκρ., Κ.Δ.· η λέξη ουδέποτε απαντά στον Όμηρ. ή στους Τραγ., ενώ χρησιμοποιείται αντ' αυτής σ' αυτούς το ἁγνός.

Russian (Dvoretsky)

ἅγιος: (ᾰ)1) священный (ἱερόν Her., Xen.; πατρίς Plat.; ὅρκος Arst.);
2) посвященный (ἱερὸν ἅγιον τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος Plat.; νηὸς Ἣρης ἅ. Luc.);
3) святой, благочестивый, праведный Arph. etc.

Frisk Etymological English

Grammatical information: adj.
Meaning: holy (Hdt.).
Derivatives: Beside ἅγιος (3-syll.), ἅζομαι (< *ἅγι̯ομαι) (Il.). honour with different development in accordance with the length of the word.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [501] *ieh₂ǵ-
Etymology: The connection with Skt. yájati honour with offers and prayer is semantically unobjectionable and formally explained by Lubotsky's rule (MSS 40, 1981, 133-8) that in *ieh₂ǵ- before consonant the glottal element of the (preglottalized) *ǵ was lost. Suffix -iHo- in the noun? Other formation in ἁγνός (Od.). - Not to Lat. sacer (Meillet BSL 21, 126f.).

Middle Liddell

ἄγος
devoted to the gods, sacred, holy, Lat. sacer:
1. of things, esp. temples, Hdt., Xen., etc.: τὸ ἅγιον the Temple, τὰ ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων the Holy of Holies, NTest.
2. of persons, holy, pure, Ar.; adv. ἁγίως, Isocr., NTest.—The word never occurs in Hom. or Trag., ἁγνός being used instead.