exerceo: Difference between revisions
Ὡς οὐδὲν ἡ μάθησις, ἂν μὴ νοῦς παρῇ → Quam nihil est disciplina, ni mens → Wie wenig taugt das Lernen, wenn Begabung fehlt
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|lnetxt=exerceo exercere, exercui, exercitus V :: exercise, train, drill, practice; enforce, administer; cultivate | |||
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|lshtext=<b>ex-ercĕo</b>: ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. [[arceo]],<br /><b>I</b> to [[drive]] on, [[keep]] [[busy]], [[keep]] at [[work]]; to oversee, [[superintend]]; [[with]] an [[inanimate]] [[object]], to [[work]], [[work]] at, [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]] a [[thing]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit. ([[mostly]] [[poet]]. and in postAug. [[prose]]): [[quod]] in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae, Si sumas in illis (servis) exercendis, [[plus]] agas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 22; cf.: homines qui agrum colunt, et qui eos exercent praepositive sunt his, quorum in [[numero]] sunt vilici et monitores, [[who]] oversee [[them]], Dig. 33, 7, 8: exercete, viri, tauros, Verg. G. 1, 210: i [[sane]], ego te exercebo [[hodie]], ut [[dignus]] es, [[keep]] agoing, [[exercise]], Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48: corpora [[assiduo]] varioque exercita motu, etc., driven, impelled, Lucr. 2, 97; cf. id. 4, 862; 2, 120; and: exercita cursu Flumina ([[with]] fontes liquidi), Verg. G. 3, 529 Wagn.: (Maeandros) Incertas exercet aquas, Ov. M. 8, 165: exercere feras, to [[drive]], [[hunt]], Dig. 7, 1, 62: Mi. Gestiunt pugni mihi. So. Si in me exercituru's, [[quaeso]] in parietem ut [[primum]] domes, to [[let]] [[loose]], [[set]] [[them]] at me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: [[litus]] arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, [[work]], [[till]], Verg. A. 7, 798: [[solum]] [[presso]] sub vomere, id. G. 2, 356: rura bubus, Hor. Epod. 2, 3: humum in messem, Verg. G. 1, 219: vineas, arbusta, campos ([[with]] curare), Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 16: agrum multis arationibus, Pall. Jan. 13, 2: pinguia culta, Verg. A. 10, 142: [[ferrum]] [[vasto]] in antro (Cyclopes), id. ib. 8, 424: telas ([[aranea]]), Ov. M. 6, 145 al.; cf.: [[neque]] arva nobis aut metalla aut [[portus]] sunt, quibus exercendis reservemur, Tac. Agr. 31.—Poet.: ut possint (aratores), [[sole]] [[reducto]], Exercere diem, i. e. [[employ]] the [[day]] in [[labor]], [[perform]] [[their]] [[day]]'s [[work]], Verg. A. 10, 808.<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (freq. and [[class]].).<br /> <b>A</b> To [[engage]] [[busily]], to [[occupy]], [[employ]], [[exercise]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] in [[some]] [[action]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Aliquem or aliquid (in [[aliqua]] re, ad aliquid, [[aliqua]] re, etc.): me adolescentem multos annos in [[studio]] ejusdem laudis ([[Hortensius]]) exercuit, Cic. Brut. 64, 230: [[quod]] [[genus]] belli esse potest, in quo illum non exercuerit [[fortuna]] rei publicae, id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: a Diodoto studiosissime in [[dialectica]] exercebar, id. Brut. 90, 309; cf. id. de Or. 1, 57, 244: hanc (animi vim) tu exerce in optimis rebus, id. Rep. 6, 26: haec [[aetas]] (juvenum) exercenda in labore patientiaque et animi et corporis, id. Off. 1, 34, 122: animos in armis, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 41: in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, Verg. A. 6, 642: vocem et [[vires]] in hoc, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 et saep.: [[Aristoteles]] adolescentes ... ad copiam rhetorum in utramque partem exercuit, id. Or. 14, 46: ad hanc te amentiam [[natura]] peperit, [[voluntas]] exercuit, id. Cat. 1, 10, 25: facultatem dicendi his exercuerunt, Quint. 2, 4, 41: [[ingenium]] multiplici variaque [[materia]], id. 2, 4, 20: linguas litibus, Ov. M. 6, 375 et saep.—With [[simple]] acc.: [[quid]] te exercuit [[Pammenes]]? Cic. Brut. 97, 332: [[Induciomarus]] copias cogere, exercere coepit, to [[exercise]], [[drill]], Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: juventutis exercendae [[causa]], id. ib. 6, 23, 6: [[ingenium]] [[nostrum]], Auct. Her. 3, 21, 34: [[corpus]], Cic. de Off. 1, 23, 79: exercendae memoriae [[gratia]], id. de Sen. 11, 38: exercendi stili, Quint. 10, 5, 15: exercendus est [[spiritus]], id. 11, 3, 54 et saep.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With se, or [[pass]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]; and in [[part]]. [[praes]]. and gerund., to [[exercise]] or [[train]] one's [[self]], to [[practise]]: si ad hoc unum est [[natus]] aut in hoc [[solo]] se exercuit, etc., Cic. Or. 28, 99: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, id. de Or. 1, 33, 152: se in consultationibus, id. Att. 9, 4, 3: [[sese]] ad cursuram, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 5: se ad velitationem, id. Rud. 2, 6, 41: [[sese]] quotidianis commentationibus, Cic. Brut. 71, 249: se genere pugnae, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4: se genere venationis, id. ib. 6, 28, 3: se saliendo, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25: [[cur]] non in utrumque [[protinus]] locum se exerceant? Quint. 4, 2, 29 Zumpt N. cr.: Jovem Olympium, eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, implorabit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40: cum athletas se exercentes in curriculo videret, id. de Sen. 9, 27; so, ad virtutem, Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7.— Mid.: ut exerceamur in venando, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: ut in utrumque locum [[simul]] exerceamur, Quint. 5, 13, 50: faciunt [[idem]], cum exercentur, athletae, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56: Ciceronis pueri amant [[inter]] se, discunt, exercentur, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: ne [[aliter]] exerceri velint, Quint. 3, 8, 70: in mandatis tuis exercebor, Vulg. Psa. 118, 15.—Act. [[part]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]: cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in [[herba]] [[ipse]] recubuisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287; so, ipsique [[dictata]] exercentibus darent, Suet. Caes. 26: spectavit [[assidue]] et exercentes ephebos, id. Aug. 98; cf.: si ludicra exercendi aut venandi consuetudine adamare solemus, of exercising [[ourselves]], Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 69, v. Madv. ad h. l.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[practise]], [[follow]], [[exercise]] [[any]] [[employment]]; to [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]], to [[make]] [[use]] of [[any]] [[thing]]: medicinae exercendae [[causa]], Cic. Clu. 63, 178: hoc civile [[quod]] vocant [[eatenus]] exercuerunt, [[quoad]] populum praestare voluerunt, id. Leg. 1, 4, 14: rhetoricen, Quint. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 27: eloquentiam, id. 1, 4, 6: artem, id. 3, 6, 18; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44: exercere [[atque]] exigere vectigalia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16: cauponam vel [[stabulum]], Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 5: navem, ib. 14, 1, 1: auri, argenti, sulphuris, etc. ... fodinas, ib. 7, 1, 13, § 5: negotiationem per libertos, ib. 26, 7, 58: [[commercium]] turis, Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54: [[arma]], Verg. A. 4, 87: [[arma]] [[contra]] patriam, Tac. A. 11, 16: gymnasia et [[otia]] et turpes amores, id. ib. 6, 1: [[acies]] pueriles, batiles in [[sport]], Juv. 15, 60: pharetram et arcum, Val. Fl. 3, 161: vocem ([[with]] clamare), Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[follow]] up, [[follow]] [[out]], [[prosecute]], [[carry]] [[into]] [[effect]], [[practise]], [[administer]]: judicium, Cic. Arch. 12, 32: latam legem, Liv. 4, 51, 4: [[Tiberius]] exercendas leges esse respondit, Tac. A. 1, 72: legem [[praecipue]] sumptuariam, Suet. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 58: quaestionem [[inter]] sicarios, Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54: [[regnum]], Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47; cf. imperia, Verg. G. 2, 370: crudelitatem non [[solum]] in [[vivo]] sed [[etiam]] in mortuo, Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 8: inimicitias, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; cf.: graves inimicitias cum [[aliquo]], Sall. C. 49, 2: gratiam aut inimicitias in tanta re, id. ib. 51, 16: jurgia, [[discordia]], simultates cum hostibus, id. ib. 9, 2: cui exercita cum Pisone [[amicitia]], Tac. A. 1, 14: licentiam, id. ib. 13, 47: amicitiam, id. ib. 15, 60: [[odium]], id. ib. 13, 37: [[odium]] in [[aliquo]], Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: juris aequabilitatem, id. ib.; cf. justitiam, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: [[scelus]], libidinem, avaritiam in socios, Liv. 29, 17, 13; cf.: avaritiam (juvenes) exercere jubentur, Juv. 14, 108: [[foede]] victoriam in captis, Liv. 6, 22, 4: acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem, Sall. J. 16, 2: [[foede]] et [[crudeliter]] victoriam, id. C. 38: amores ad aliquem, Cat. 68, 69: pacem et hymenaeos, to [[celebrate]], solemnize, Verg. A. 4, 99: [[nomen]] patris, to [[bear]] his [[name]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 21, 4 et saep.—<br /> <b>C</b> Pregn., to [[disturb]], [[disquiet]], [[vex]], [[plague]] (the [[figure]] [[being]] taken from the baiting of [[wild]] beasts): meos [[casus]], in quibus me [[fortuna]] [[vehementer]] exercuit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3: [[nunc]] me [[reliquiae]] vestrae exercent, id. Fam. 12, 4, 1: non te nullius exercent numinis irae, Verg. G. 4, 453: aliquem odiis, id. A. 4, 622 et saep.: te de praedio Oviae exerceri, [[moleste]] [[fero]], Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4: [[ergo]] exercentur poenis, Verg. A, 6, 739: hominum vitam [[curis]], Lucr. 5, 1424: [[ambitio]] animos hominum exercet, Sall. C. 11, 1: simultates [[nimio]] [[plures]] et exercuerunt eum et [[ipse]] exercuit eas, Liv. 39, 40, 9.—In the [[part]]. perf.: nate, Iliacis [[exercite]] fatis, Verg. A. 3, 182: [[Venus]] exercita [[curis]], id. ib. 5, 779; cf.: [[curis]] exercita corpora, Ov. M. 7, 634: adversis [[probitas]] exercita rebus, id. Tr. 5, 5, 49: habere aliquem exercitum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 6, 4.—Hence, exercĭ-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. C.).<br /> <b>A</b> Vexed, harassed: scito [[nihil]] tam exercitum esse [[nunc]] Romae [[quam]] candidatos omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2: [[Tiberius]] tantis rebus, Tac. A. 4, 11.— Hence,<br /> <b>B</b> Vexatious, [[severe]]: [[quid]] [[magis]] sollicitum, [[magis]] exercitum dici potest? Cic. Mil. 2, 5: finem tam exercitae militiae orabant, Tac. A. 1, 35: dura [[hiems]], exercita [[aestas]], id. ib. 1, 17: [[aestas]] ([[with]] inquieta), Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2: infantiam pueritiamque habuit laboriosam et exercitam, Suet. Tib. 6 init.—<br /> <b>C</b> Disciplined: ([[miles]]) [[exercitatus]] et [[vetus]] ob eam rem fortior (opp. [[rudis]] et [[inexercitatus]]), Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: mirum in modum juventus, Flor. 1, 3, 2: [[proprio]] in metu, qui exercitam [[quoque]] eloquentiam debilitat, Tac. A. 3, 67: [[militia]], id. ib. 3, 20: ad omne [[flagitium]], id. ib. 14, 2: [[ingenium]] adulatione, id. H. 4, 4: Graeca [[doctrina]] [[ore]] [[tenus]], id. A. 15, 45.—Comp. and [[sup]].: exercitiorem, exercitissimum (dicebant antiqui), Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 8 Müll. —Adv.: exercĭtē, in a [[practised]] [[manner]]; in comp.: cogitare, App. M. 11, p. 272, 6. | |lshtext=<b>ex-ercĕo</b>: ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. [[arceo]],<br /><b>I</b> to [[drive]] on, [[keep]] [[busy]], [[keep]] at [[work]]; to oversee, [[superintend]]; [[with]] an [[inanimate]] [[object]], to [[work]], [[work]] at, [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]] a [[thing]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit. ([[mostly]] [[poet]]. and in postAug. [[prose]]): [[quod]] in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae, Si sumas in illis (servis) exercendis, [[plus]] agas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 22; cf.: homines qui agrum colunt, et qui eos exercent praepositive sunt his, quorum in [[numero]] sunt vilici et monitores, [[who]] oversee [[them]], Dig. 33, 7, 8: exercete, viri, tauros, Verg. G. 1, 210: i [[sane]], ego te exercebo [[hodie]], ut [[dignus]] es, [[keep]] agoing, [[exercise]], Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48: corpora [[assiduo]] varioque exercita motu, etc., driven, impelled, Lucr. 2, 97; cf. id. 4, 862; 2, 120; and: exercita cursu Flumina ([[with]] fontes liquidi), Verg. G. 3, 529 Wagn.: (Maeandros) Incertas exercet aquas, Ov. M. 8, 165: exercere feras, to [[drive]], [[hunt]], Dig. 7, 1, 62: Mi. Gestiunt pugni mihi. So. Si in me exercituru's, [[quaeso]] in parietem ut [[primum]] domes, to [[let]] [[loose]], [[set]] [[them]] at me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: [[litus]] arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, [[work]], [[till]], Verg. A. 7, 798: [[solum]] [[presso]] sub vomere, id. G. 2, 356: rura bubus, Hor. Epod. 2, 3: humum in messem, Verg. G. 1, 219: vineas, arbusta, campos ([[with]] curare), Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 16: agrum multis arationibus, Pall. Jan. 13, 2: pinguia culta, Verg. A. 10, 142: [[ferrum]] [[vasto]] in antro (Cyclopes), id. ib. 8, 424: telas ([[aranea]]), Ov. M. 6, 145 al.; cf.: [[neque]] arva nobis aut metalla aut [[portus]] sunt, quibus exercendis reservemur, Tac. Agr. 31.—Poet.: ut possint (aratores), [[sole]] [[reducto]], Exercere diem, i. e. [[employ]] the [[day]] in [[labor]], [[perform]] [[their]] [[day]]'s [[work]], Verg. A. 10, 808.<br /><b>II</b> Trop. (freq. and [[class]].).<br /> <b>A</b> To [[engage]] [[busily]], to [[occupy]], [[employ]], [[exercise]] a [[person]] or [[thing]] in [[some]] [[action]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> Aliquem or aliquid (in [[aliqua]] re, ad aliquid, [[aliqua]] re, etc.): me adolescentem multos annos in [[studio]] ejusdem laudis ([[Hortensius]]) exercuit, Cic. Brut. 64, 230: [[quod]] [[genus]] belli esse potest, in quo illum non exercuerit [[fortuna]] rei publicae, id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: a Diodoto studiosissime in [[dialectica]] exercebar, id. Brut. 90, 309; cf. id. de Or. 1, 57, 244: hanc (animi vim) tu exerce in optimis rebus, id. Rep. 6, 26: haec [[aetas]] (juvenum) exercenda in labore patientiaque et animi et corporis, id. Off. 1, 34, 122: animos in armis, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 41: in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, Verg. A. 6, 642: vocem et [[vires]] in hoc, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 et saep.: [[Aristoteles]] adolescentes ... ad copiam rhetorum in utramque partem exercuit, id. Or. 14, 46: ad hanc te amentiam [[natura]] peperit, [[voluntas]] exercuit, id. Cat. 1, 10, 25: facultatem dicendi his exercuerunt, Quint. 2, 4, 41: [[ingenium]] multiplici variaque [[materia]], id. 2, 4, 20: linguas litibus, Ov. M. 6, 375 et saep.—With [[simple]] acc.: [[quid]] te exercuit [[Pammenes]]? Cic. Brut. 97, 332: [[Induciomarus]] copias cogere, exercere coepit, to [[exercise]], [[drill]], Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: juventutis exercendae [[causa]], id. ib. 6, 23, 6: [[ingenium]] [[nostrum]], Auct. Her. 3, 21, 34: [[corpus]], Cic. de Off. 1, 23, 79: exercendae memoriae [[gratia]], id. de Sen. 11, 38: exercendi stili, Quint. 10, 5, 15: exercendus est [[spiritus]], id. 11, 3, 54 et saep.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With se, or [[pass]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]; and in [[part]]. [[praes]]. and gerund., to [[exercise]] or [[train]] one's [[self]], to [[practise]]: si ad hoc unum est [[natus]] aut in hoc [[solo]] se exercuit, etc., Cic. Or. 28, 99: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, id. de Or. 1, 33, 152: se in consultationibus, id. Att. 9, 4, 3: [[sese]] ad cursuram, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 5: se ad velitationem, id. Rud. 2, 6, 41: [[sese]] quotidianis commentationibus, Cic. Brut. 71, 249: se genere pugnae, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4: se genere venationis, id. ib. 6, 28, 3: se saliendo, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25: [[cur]] non in utrumque [[protinus]] locum se exerceant? Quint. 4, 2, 29 Zumpt N. cr.: Jovem Olympium, eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, implorabit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40: cum athletas se exercentes in curriculo videret, id. de Sen. 9, 27; so, ad virtutem, Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7.— Mid.: ut exerceamur in venando, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: ut in utrumque locum [[simul]] exerceamur, Quint. 5, 13, 50: faciunt [[idem]], cum exercentur, athletae, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56: Ciceronis pueri amant [[inter]] se, discunt, exercentur, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: ne [[aliter]] exerceri velint, Quint. 3, 8, 70: in mandatis tuis exercebor, Vulg. Psa. 118, 15.—Act. [[part]]. in [[mid]]. [[force]]: cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in [[herba]] [[ipse]] recubuisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287; so, ipsique [[dictata]] exercentibus darent, Suet. Caes. 26: spectavit [[assidue]] et exercentes ephebos, id. Aug. 98; cf.: si ludicra exercendi aut venandi consuetudine adamare solemus, of exercising [[ourselves]], Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 69, v. Madv. ad h. l.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[practise]], [[follow]], [[exercise]] [[any]] [[employment]]; to [[employ]] one's [[self]] [[about]], to [[make]] [[use]] of [[any]] [[thing]]: medicinae exercendae [[causa]], Cic. Clu. 63, 178: hoc civile [[quod]] vocant [[eatenus]] exercuerunt, [[quoad]] populum praestare voluerunt, id. Leg. 1, 4, 14: rhetoricen, Quint. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 27: eloquentiam, id. 1, 4, 6: artem, id. 3, 6, 18; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44: exercere [[atque]] exigere vectigalia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16: cauponam vel [[stabulum]], Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 5: navem, ib. 14, 1, 1: auri, argenti, sulphuris, etc. ... fodinas, ib. 7, 1, 13, § 5: negotiationem per libertos, ib. 26, 7, 58: [[commercium]] turis, Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54: [[arma]], Verg. A. 4, 87: [[arma]] [[contra]] patriam, Tac. A. 11, 16: gymnasia et [[otia]] et turpes amores, id. ib. 6, 1: [[acies]] pueriles, batiles in [[sport]], Juv. 15, 60: pharetram et arcum, Val. Fl. 3, 161: vocem ([[with]] clamare), Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—<br /> <b>2</b> To [[follow]] up, [[follow]] [[out]], [[prosecute]], [[carry]] [[into]] [[effect]], [[practise]], [[administer]]: judicium, Cic. Arch. 12, 32: latam legem, Liv. 4, 51, 4: [[Tiberius]] exercendas leges esse respondit, Tac. A. 1, 72: legem [[praecipue]] sumptuariam, Suet. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 58: quaestionem [[inter]] sicarios, Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54: [[regnum]], Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47; cf. imperia, Verg. G. 2, 370: crudelitatem non [[solum]] in [[vivo]] sed [[etiam]] in mortuo, Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 8: inimicitias, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; cf.: graves inimicitias cum [[aliquo]], Sall. C. 49, 2: gratiam aut inimicitias in tanta re, id. ib. 51, 16: jurgia, [[discordia]], simultates cum hostibus, id. ib. 9, 2: cui exercita cum Pisone [[amicitia]], Tac. A. 1, 14: licentiam, id. ib. 13, 47: amicitiam, id. ib. 15, 60: [[odium]], id. ib. 13, 37: [[odium]] in [[aliquo]], Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: juris aequabilitatem, id. ib.; cf. justitiam, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: [[scelus]], libidinem, avaritiam in socios, Liv. 29, 17, 13; cf.: avaritiam (juvenes) exercere jubentur, Juv. 14, 108: [[foede]] victoriam in captis, Liv. 6, 22, 4: acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem, Sall. J. 16, 2: [[foede]] et [[crudeliter]] victoriam, id. C. 38: amores ad aliquem, Cat. 68, 69: pacem et hymenaeos, to [[celebrate]], solemnize, Verg. A. 4, 99: [[nomen]] patris, to [[bear]] his [[name]], Plin. [[Pan]]. 21, 4 et saep.—<br /> <b>C</b> Pregn., to [[disturb]], [[disquiet]], [[vex]], [[plague]] (the [[figure]] [[being]] taken from the baiting of [[wild]] beasts): meos [[casus]], in quibus me [[fortuna]] [[vehementer]] exercuit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3: [[nunc]] me [[reliquiae]] vestrae exercent, id. Fam. 12, 4, 1: non te nullius exercent numinis irae, Verg. G. 4, 453: aliquem odiis, id. A. 4, 622 et saep.: te de praedio Oviae exerceri, [[moleste]] [[fero]], Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4: [[ergo]] exercentur poenis, Verg. A, 6, 739: hominum vitam [[curis]], Lucr. 5, 1424: [[ambitio]] animos hominum exercet, Sall. C. 11, 1: simultates [[nimio]] [[plures]] et exercuerunt eum et [[ipse]] exercuit eas, Liv. 39, 40, 9.—In the [[part]]. perf.: nate, Iliacis [[exercite]] fatis, Verg. A. 3, 182: [[Venus]] exercita [[curis]], id. ib. 5, 779; cf.: [[curis]] exercita corpora, Ov. M. 7, 634: adversis [[probitas]] exercita rebus, id. Tr. 5, 5, 49: habere aliquem exercitum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 6, 4.—Hence, exercĭ-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. C.).<br /> <b>A</b> Vexed, harassed: scito [[nihil]] tam exercitum esse [[nunc]] Romae [[quam]] candidatos omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2: [[Tiberius]] tantis rebus, Tac. A. 4, 11.— Hence,<br /> <b>B</b> Vexatious, [[severe]]: [[quid]] [[magis]] sollicitum, [[magis]] exercitum dici potest? Cic. Mil. 2, 5: finem tam exercitae militiae orabant, Tac. A. 1, 35: dura [[hiems]], exercita [[aestas]], id. ib. 1, 17: [[aestas]] ([[with]] inquieta), Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2: infantiam pueritiamque habuit laboriosam et exercitam, Suet. Tib. 6 init.—<br /> <b>C</b> Disciplined: ([[miles]]) [[exercitatus]] et [[vetus]] ob eam rem fortior (opp. [[rudis]] et [[inexercitatus]]), Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: mirum in modum juventus, Flor. 1, 3, 2: [[proprio]] in metu, qui exercitam [[quoque]] eloquentiam debilitat, Tac. A. 3, 67: [[militia]], id. ib. 3, 20: ad omne [[flagitium]], id. ib. 14, 2: [[ingenium]] adulatione, id. H. 4, 4: Graeca [[doctrina]] [[ore]] [[tenus]], id. A. 15, 45.—Comp. and [[sup]].: exercitiorem, exercitissimum (dicebant antiqui), Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 8 Müll. —Adv.: exercĭtē, in a [[practised]] [[manner]]; in comp.: cogitare, App. M. 11, p. 272, 6. | ||
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|georg=ex-erceo, cuī, citum, ēre (zu [[arceo]], in [[Ruhe]] [[halten]]), aus dem Zustande der [[Ruhe]] gleichs. heraushalten, d.i. [[nicht]] [[ruhen]]-, [[nicht]] [[rasten]]-, [[nicht]] [[feiern]] [[lassen]], [[sich]] [[rühren]] [[lassen]], in [[Atem]] [[setzen]], [[ohne]] [[Rast]] [[beschäftigen]], im Gange [[erhalten]], im üblen Sinne ([[als]] Synom. [[von]] fatigare) [[abmühen]], [[abtreiben]], [[abhetzen]], I) eig.: a) v. der rastlosen [[Bewegung]] übh.: equos aequore campi, umhertummeln, Verg.: turbinem magno in [[gyro]] vacua atria [[circum]], umhertreiben, Verg.: [[qualis]] [[apes]] aestate novā per florea rura exercet [[labor]], Verg.; vgl. medial, [[apes]] exercentur agris, [[tummeln]] [[sich]] [[herum]], Verg. – [[haec]] (corpora) [[quia]] sunt exercita motu, [[sich]] [[rastlos]] [[bewegen]], Lucr.: u. so exercita cursu flumina, [[rastlos]] strömende, Verg.; vgl. (Maeandros) incertas exercet aquas, läßt [[rastlos]] [[strömen]], Ov. – manum ([[mit]] der H. [[hin]] u. her [[fechten]]) et in ventum iactare brachia, Sen.: u. so manum (um [[sich]] [[schlagen]]), litigare etc., Sen. (vgl. Gronov Sen. Thyest. 165). – im üblen Sinne, poet., indomitas [[qualis]] undas exercet [[Auster]], Hor.: ignem exercentibus Euris, Ov.: ex. venatu [[saltus]] opacos, Sil. – b) [[als]] mediz. t.t., [[von]] der aufregenden [[Körperbewegung]] der Kranken, in (aktive) [[Bewegung]] [[setzen]], (aktive) [[Bewegung]] [[verschaffen]], [[wohltätig]] [[körperlich]] [[aufregen]], [[corpus]], Cels.: pilā similibusque ex. superiores partes, Cels.: absol., [[commode]] exercent clara [[lectio]], [[arma]], [[pila]], [[cursus]], [[ambulatio]], Cels. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, [[sich]] (aktive) [[Bewegung]] (Motion) [[machen]], -[[verschaffen]], Cels.: exerceri per [[manus]] ([[durch]] Handarbeiten u. dgl.), Cels. – [[selten]] v. der passiven [[Körperbewegung]], pendentis tori [[gestatio]], [[quo]] plurimā parte diei ac [[noctu]] motu exerceantur aegrotantes, Cael. Aur. – c) v. Rühren der Glieder [[bei]] der [[Arbeit]], [[emsig]] [[rühren]], -[[beschäftigen]], assiduis brachia [[telis]], Ov.: linguas litibus, Ov.: in sua dona [[manus]], Prop.: manum ([[emsig]] [[Hand]] [[anlegen]]) et ea [[quae]] meditata sunt ad [[verum]] perducere, Sen. – d) v. In-[[Atem]]-Setzen der Sklaven u. Tiere [[bei]] der [[Arbeit]], familiam, [[Cato]]: [[servos]], Ter.: famulas ad lumina [[longo]] [[penso]], [[von]] der [[Hausfrau]], Verg.: tauros, Verg. – im üblen Sinne, [[ego]] te exercebo [[hodie]], ut [[dignus]] es, in [[Atem]] [[setzen]], herumkuranzen ([[Jacob]]), Ter.: (equae) [[neque]] opere [[neque]] cursu exerceantur, abgetrieben [[werden]], Col.: u. so [[wohl]] feras, [[abhetzen]], ICt. – e) v. emsigen Bearbeiten eines Ggstds., [[solum]] [[presso]] [[sub]] vomere, [[emsig]] [[umwühlen]], Verg.: humum in messem, Verg.: paterna rura [[bobus]] [[suis]], Hor.: [[ferrum]], [[emsig]] [[schmieden]] (v. den Zyklopen), Verg.: antiquas telas, [[emsig]] fortspinnen (v. der [[Spinne]]), Ov.<br />'''II)''' übtr.: A) im allg., v. Ggstdn., Zuständen usw. [[aller]] [[Art]], die jmd. gleichs. in [[Atem]] [[setzen]], [[viel]] zu [[schaffen]] [[machen]], ([[viel]]) [[Arbeit]]-, ([[viel]]) [[Plage]] [[machen]], [[abarbeiten]], [[tüchtig]] in [[Anspruch]] [[nehmen]], hu deln, [[heimsuchen]], [[abquälen]], [[von]] Affekten [[auch]] = [[beherrschen]], a) übh.: meos [[casus]], in quibus me [[fortuna]] [[vehementer]] exercuit, Cic.: duae (villae) ut [[maxime]] delectant, [[ita]] exercent, Plin. ep.: [[quae]] (centumvirales causae) me exercent [[magis]], [[quam]] delectant, Plin. ep.: promulgata [[lex]] exercuit civitatem, Liv.: [[strenua]] [[nos]] exercet [[inertia]], Hor.: [[ambitio]] animos hominum exercet, Sall.: [[nunc]] me [[reliquiae]] vestrae exercent, Cic. – te de praedio exerceri (so [[viel]] [[Plage]] hast) [[moleste]] [[fero]], Cic.: exerceri poenis, Verg.: candidati [[exerciti]] omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic.: [[Venus]] exercita [[curis]], Verg.: in somniis [[exercitus]], Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 6, 12. – b) [[als]] mediz. t.t., v. körperlichen Übeln, ut pueros [[vomitus]], nocturnae vigiliae etc. exerceant, Cels.: alios astricta, alios resoluta [[alvus]] exercet, Cels.: teretes (lumbrici), [[qui]] pueros [[maxime]] exercent, Cels.: absol., si [[vero]] [[sudor]] exercet, Cels.<br />'''B)''' in [[einer]] [[Tätigkeit]] übend [[beschäftigen]], [[üben]], [[ausbilden]], a) [[körperlich]]: iuventutem, Caes.: [[corpus]], Sall.: in gramineis membra palaestris, Verg.: in [[hoc]] vocem et [[vires]] suas, Cic.: virgines [[non]] otio [[neque]] lanificio, [[sed]] armis, equis, venationibus, Iustin.: armis [[atque]] equis [[corpus]] (Ggstz. animum in litteris agitare), Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 10, 2. – [[als]] milit. t.t., in den Waffen-, taktisch [[üben]], [[einüben]], copias, Caes.: in armis Macedonas et mercennarios milites, Liv.: regem armavit [[atque]] exercuit [[adversus]] Romanos, Nep. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, [[sich]] [[üben]], se in curriculo, v. den Athleten, Cic.: u. [[von]] [[dens]]., se Iovi Cic.: [[ibi]] (in [[palaestra]]) cursu, luctando, hastā, pugilatu, pilā, saliendo [[sese]] exercebant [[magis]], [[quam]] scorto [[aut]] saviis, Plaut.: nullum diem praetermisit, [[quo]] [[non]] [[pilo]] et sagittis ceterisque armorum se exerceret officiis, Vopisc.: se [[hoc]] genere pugnae exercuisse, Caes.: se ad cursuram, Plaut.: notavi in porticu gregem cursorum cum [[magistro]] se exercentem, Petron. – [[dum]] armis exercetur, Waffenübungen treibt, Cic.: cum exercentur (athletae), Cic.: exerceri in venando, Cic.: exercebatur [[plurimum]] currendo et luctando, Nep. – Partiz. Präs. exercēns refl., [[sich]] übend, Cic. de or. 2, 287. Suet. Caes. 26, 3; Aug. 98, 3. – [[ebenso]] refl., ludicra exercendi (Leibes- und Waffenübungen) [[aut]] venandi [[consuetudo]], Cic. de fin. 1, 69: pueros [[ante]] urbem [[lusus]] exercendique causā producere, Liv. 5, 27, 2. – b) [[geistig]]: [[vario]] [[modo]] discipulos, Suet.; vgl. [[quid]] te exercuit? Cic.: [[ingenium]], Cornif. rhet.; vgl. [[ingenium]] [[nemo]] [[sine]] corpore exercebat, Sall.: [[ingenium]] multiplici variāque materiā, Quint.: memoriam, Cic.: stilum, Cic.: verba, [[sich]] [[auf]] bloßes [[Wortgeklingel]] [[üben]], Sen. – in [[hoc]] genere exerceri [[apud]] magistros, Cic.: adulescentes ad copiam rhetorum, Cic. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, [[sich]] [[üben]], se cotidianis commentationibus [[acerrime]], Cic.: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, Cic.: ex. se u. exerceri in [[utrumque]] locum, Quint.: pueri discunt, exercentur, Cic.: exercebatur (er studierte) [[apud]] Arellium Tuscum, Sen. contr. 2. praef. § 1. – Partiz. Perf. Pass. [[exercitus]], s. [[bes]].<br />'''C)''' [[ein]] [[Werkzeug]] usw., eine [[Tätigkeit]] in [[Betrieb]] [[setzen]], [[handhaben]], [[anwenden]], [[ausüben]], [[betreiben]], [[mit]] etw. [[umgehen]], [[sich]] [[beschäftigen]], 1) im allg.: a) [[mater]]. Objj. u. körperl. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände: [[pro]] consuetudine regionum praedictae machinae exercentur, Col.: [[arma]], Verg.: pharetram [[aut]] acres [[arcus]], Val. Flacc.: palaestras, Verg.: vocem, [[ertönen]] [[lassen]], v. Präko, Plaut. – [[balatus]], [[cantus]], [[ertönen]] [[lassen]], Verg. – mellis [[vindemia]], [[propter]] [[quam]] [[totius]] anni [[labor]] exercetur, Col.; vgl. labores [[incassum]], Verg.: vicem, abwechselnd den [[Dienst]] [[verrichten]], Verg.: diem, poet. = [[sein]] Tagewerk [[verrichten]], Verg. – sitim, poet. = [[Durst]] [[leiden]], Sil. – pugnos in alqm, Plaut.: [[arma]] [[contra]] patriam, Tac.: eas linguas [[adversus]] [[nomen]] [[eius]], Augustin. de civ. dei 1, 3 extr. – est [[enim]] [[illi]] (naturae) [[mos]] exercere in parvis, ihren Willen im Kleinen zu [[äußern]] (kund zu [[geben]]), Sen. de clem. 1, 19, 3. – b) polit., geistige u. moral. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände [[handhaben]], [[ausüben]], [[fühlen]] [[lassen]], [[üben]], [[betätigen]], [[entfalten]], geltend [[machen]], [[äußern]], dura imperia, Verg.: [[imperium]] miti [[animo]], Sen.: memores [[plus]] [[quam]] [[civiliter]] iras, Ov.: [[familiariter]] inimicitias, Cic.: inexorabile [[odium]], Ov.: pretiosa odia et [[constantia]] magno, Ov.: victoriam, [[verfolgen]], Liv.: u. so victoriam [[crudeliter]], Sall.: iustitiam, Plin. ep.: pacem aeternam ([[halten]]) et [[hymenaeos]] ([[feiern]]), Verg. – [[nomen]] patris patriae indulgentiā, [[betätigen]] [[durch]] usw., Plin. pan. – [[non]] [[umquam]] facundiam, [[sich]] [[befassen]] [[mit]] usw., Tac. (vgl. [[non]] [[quo]] verba [[umquam]] [[potius]] [[quam]] [[res]] exercuerim, Liv.): [[canina]] [[facundia]] exercebatur, Sall. fr.; [[neque]] [[ego]] callidam facundiam [[neque]] [[ingenium]] ad [[male]] faciendum exercui, Sall. fr. – [[oft]] alqd cum alqo, in alqo, in alqm (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 49, 2 u. Iug. 16, 2), graves inimicitias cum alqo, Sall.: simultates, Liv., cum alqo, Cic. u. Sall.: [[odium]] in prole paternum, Ov.: gratiam [[atque]] inimicitias in tanta re, Sall.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi in alqo, Cic.: suam insatiabilem crudelitatem [[non]] [[solum]] in [[vivo]], [[sed]] [[etiam]] in mortuo et in [[eius]] corpore lacerando et vexando, Cic.: victoriam [[foede]] in captis, die G. [[fühlen]] [[lassen]], Liv.: [[fortuna]] exercet in alqo vim suam, zeigt, macht geltend seine [[Macht]] (seinen mächtigen [[Einfluß]]), Nep., od. in alqo [[opes]] (seinen mächtigen [[Einfluß]]), Liv.: tribuni militum in plebe [[regnum]] exercent, Liv.: hereditarium in alqm [[odium]], Vell.: libidinem et avaritiam in socios, Liv. – venerem amorem amoenitatemque, Plaut.: communes amores ad alqam, Catull. – 2) insbes.: a) [[als]] t.t. [[des]] [[Land]]- u. Bergbaus: α) [[einen]] [[Acker]] usw. [[bestellen]], [[bebauen]], [[rus]] exercere et colere, Col.: [[praedia]] [[rustica]], Liv.: vineas, campos curare et exercere, Plin. ep.: Africam et Aegyptum ex., Tac.: ex. studiosius [[mare]] [[quam]] terras, [[mehr]] [[Seeleute]] ([[Fischer]], [[Schiffer]], [[Seeräuber]]) [[als]] [[Ackerbauer]] [[sein]] (vgl. εργάζεσθαι γην, θάλασσαν), Iustin. – β) eine [[Grube]] usw. [[betreiben]], [[ausbeuten]], figlinas, argenti fodinas [[aut]] [[alia]] [[metalla]], [[Varro]]: [[metallum]] Macedonicum, Liv.: [[metalla]], Pacat. pan.: [[metalla]] auri [[atque]] argenti, Liv.: [[solum]], [[Flor]]. – b) [[als]] t.t. der Geschäftsspr., α) etw. [[als]] [[Gewerbe]] [[betreiben]], [[ausüben]], [[mit]] etw. [[ein]] [[Gewerbe]] [[treiben]], [[ein]] [[Gewerbe]] [[machen]], navem, [[Reederei]] [[treiben]], ICt.: aquae molas, Cassiod.: [[pistrinum]], das Müllerhandwerk [[betreiben]], Suet. u. Apul.: cauponam, Iustin u. ICt.: cauponam [[vel]] [[stabulum]], ICt.: tabernam ([[Kaufladen]]), Vitr. u. ICt.: officinam promercalium mercium, Suet.: armorum officinas, in [[Betrieb]] [[setzen]], Tac.: pecuniam, [[fenus]], [[Geld]] [[auf]] [[Zinsen]] [[leihen]], ICt.; vgl. [[fenus]] [[apud]] Helvetios, Suet. – [[commercium]] turis, Plin.: (corpore) quaestum, ICt.: argentariam ([[Wechselgeschäft]]), ICt.: artem, Hor., Cels. u.a.: medicinam, Cic.: medicinam fame, [[durch]] die [[Hungerkur]] [[heilen]] (v. Arzte), Plin.: rhetoricen, Quint. – piraticam, Iustin., u. piraticam [[adversus]] patriam, Iustin. – β) [[einen]] [[Stoff]] [[bearbeiten]], exercitae pelles, gegerbte, Cael. Aur. de morb. acut. 3, 8, 80. – c) [[als]] publiz. u. jurist. t.t.: α) v. der leitenden [[Tätigkeit]], etw. [[halten]], [[leiten]], [[vollziehen]] usw., [[qui]] exercet [[iudicium]], vom vorsitzenden [[Richter]], Cic.: exercere [[iudicium]] et poenas, [[verhängen]] od. [[vollziehen]], Tac.: [[ebenso]] quaestionem [[inter]] sicarios, Cic.: quaestionem severius, Liv., od. [[aspere]] violenterque, Sall. – od. etw. [[verwalten]], [[führen]], vectigalia ([[bes]]. v. den Staatspächtern), Cic.: [[institor]] exercens mercem, der [[Handel]] führende, ICt. – β) [[ein]] [[Gesetz]], [[Recht]] usw. [[handhaben]], in Ausübung [[bringen]], geltend [[machen]], iacēre irritas actiones... legem [[confestim]] exerceri, Liv.: exercendas [[esse]] leges respondit et atrocissime exercuit, Suet.: u. so [[ius]], [[beneficium]], ICt. – u. eine Rechtshandlung [[vollziehen]], [[anstellen]], litem, eine [[Entscheidung]] [[geben]], ICt.: actionem [[adversus]] alqm, ICt.: fortuita incendia [[civiliter]], [[verfolgen]], ICt. – / Formen [[nach]] der 3. Konjug. exercunt, Itala (Verc.) Luc. 22, 25: Imper. [[exercite]], Commodian. instr. 2, 27, 1. | |georg=ex-erceo, cuī, citum, ēre (zu [[arceo]], in [[Ruhe]] [[halten]]), aus dem Zustande der [[Ruhe]] gleichs. heraushalten, d.i. [[nicht]] [[ruhen]]-, [[nicht]] [[rasten]]-, [[nicht]] [[feiern]] [[lassen]], [[sich]] [[rühren]] [[lassen]], in [[Atem]] [[setzen]], [[ohne]] [[Rast]] [[beschäftigen]], im Gange [[erhalten]], im üblen Sinne ([[als]] Synom. [[von]] fatigare) [[abmühen]], [[abtreiben]], [[abhetzen]], I) eig.: a) v. der rastlosen [[Bewegung]] übh.: equos aequore campi, umhertummeln, Verg.: turbinem magno in [[gyro]] vacua atria [[circum]], umhertreiben, Verg.: [[qualis]] [[apes]] aestate novā per florea rura exercet [[labor]], Verg.; vgl. medial, [[apes]] exercentur agris, [[tummeln]] [[sich]] [[herum]], Verg. – [[haec]] (corpora) [[quia]] sunt exercita motu, [[sich]] [[rastlos]] [[bewegen]], Lucr.: u. so exercita cursu flumina, [[rastlos]] strömende, Verg.; vgl. (Maeandros) incertas exercet aquas, läßt [[rastlos]] [[strömen]], Ov. – manum ([[mit]] der H. [[hin]] u. her [[fechten]]) et in ventum iactare brachia, Sen.: u. so manum (um [[sich]] [[schlagen]]), litigare etc., Sen. (vgl. Gronov Sen. Thyest. 165). – im üblen Sinne, poet., indomitas [[qualis]] undas exercet [[Auster]], Hor.: ignem exercentibus Euris, Ov.: ex. venatu [[saltus]] opacos, Sil. – b) [[als]] mediz. t.t., [[von]] der aufregenden [[Körperbewegung]] der Kranken, in (aktive) [[Bewegung]] [[setzen]], (aktive) [[Bewegung]] [[verschaffen]], [[wohltätig]] [[körperlich]] [[aufregen]], [[corpus]], Cels.: pilā similibusque ex. superiores partes, Cels.: absol., [[commode]] exercent clara [[lectio]], [[arma]], [[pila]], [[cursus]], [[ambulatio]], Cels. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, [[sich]] (aktive) [[Bewegung]] (Motion) [[machen]], -[[verschaffen]], Cels.: exerceri per [[manus]] ([[durch]] Handarbeiten u. dgl.), Cels. – [[selten]] v. der passiven [[Körperbewegung]], pendentis tori [[gestatio]], [[quo]] plurimā parte diei ac [[noctu]] motu exerceantur aegrotantes, Cael. Aur. – c) v. Rühren der Glieder [[bei]] der [[Arbeit]], [[emsig]] [[rühren]], -[[beschäftigen]], assiduis brachia [[telis]], Ov.: linguas litibus, Ov.: in sua dona [[manus]], Prop.: manum ([[emsig]] [[Hand]] [[anlegen]]) et ea [[quae]] meditata sunt ad [[verum]] perducere, Sen. – d) v. In-[[Atem]]-Setzen der Sklaven u. Tiere [[bei]] der [[Arbeit]], familiam, [[Cato]]: [[servos]], Ter.: famulas ad lumina [[longo]] [[penso]], [[von]] der [[Hausfrau]], Verg.: tauros, Verg. – im üblen Sinne, [[ego]] te exercebo [[hodie]], ut [[dignus]] es, in [[Atem]] [[setzen]], herumkuranzen ([[Jacob]]), Ter.: (equae) [[neque]] opere [[neque]] cursu exerceantur, abgetrieben [[werden]], Col.: u. so [[wohl]] feras, [[abhetzen]], ICt. – e) v. emsigen Bearbeiten eines Ggstds., [[solum]] [[presso]] [[sub]] vomere, [[emsig]] [[umwühlen]], Verg.: humum in messem, Verg.: paterna rura [[bobus]] [[suis]], Hor.: [[ferrum]], [[emsig]] [[schmieden]] (v. den Zyklopen), Verg.: antiquas telas, [[emsig]] fortspinnen (v. der [[Spinne]]), Ov.<br />'''II)''' übtr.: A) im allg., v. Ggstdn., Zuständen usw. [[aller]] [[Art]], die jmd. gleichs. in [[Atem]] [[setzen]], [[viel]] zu [[schaffen]] [[machen]], ([[viel]]) [[Arbeit]]-, ([[viel]]) [[Plage]] [[machen]], [[abarbeiten]], [[tüchtig]] in [[Anspruch]] [[nehmen]], hu deln, [[heimsuchen]], [[abquälen]], [[von]] Affekten [[auch]] = [[beherrschen]], a) übh.: meos [[casus]], in quibus me [[fortuna]] [[vehementer]] exercuit, Cic.: duae (villae) ut [[maxime]] delectant, [[ita]] exercent, Plin. ep.: [[quae]] (centumvirales causae) me exercent [[magis]], [[quam]] delectant, Plin. ep.: promulgata [[lex]] exercuit civitatem, Liv.: [[strenua]] [[nos]] exercet [[inertia]], Hor.: [[ambitio]] animos hominum exercet, Sall.: [[nunc]] me [[reliquiae]] vestrae exercent, Cic. – te de praedio exerceri (so [[viel]] [[Plage]] hast) [[moleste]] [[fero]], Cic.: exerceri poenis, Verg.: candidati [[exerciti]] omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic.: [[Venus]] exercita [[curis]], Verg.: in somniis [[exercitus]], Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 6, 12. – b) [[als]] mediz. t.t., v. körperlichen Übeln, ut pueros [[vomitus]], nocturnae vigiliae etc. exerceant, Cels.: alios astricta, alios resoluta [[alvus]] exercet, Cels.: teretes (lumbrici), [[qui]] pueros [[maxime]] exercent, Cels.: absol., si [[vero]] [[sudor]] exercet, Cels.<br />'''B)''' in [[einer]] [[Tätigkeit]] übend [[beschäftigen]], [[üben]], [[ausbilden]], a) [[körperlich]]: iuventutem, Caes.: [[corpus]], Sall.: in gramineis membra palaestris, Verg.: in [[hoc]] vocem et [[vires]] suas, Cic.: virgines [[non]] otio [[neque]] lanificio, [[sed]] armis, equis, venationibus, Iustin.: armis [[atque]] equis [[corpus]] (Ggstz. animum in litteris agitare), Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 10, 2. – [[als]] milit. t.t., in den Waffen-, taktisch [[üben]], [[einüben]], copias, Caes.: in armis Macedonas et mercennarios milites, Liv.: regem armavit [[atque]] exercuit [[adversus]] Romanos, Nep. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, [[sich]] [[üben]], se in curriculo, v. den Athleten, Cic.: u. [[von]] [[dens]]., se Iovi Cic.: [[ibi]] (in [[palaestra]]) cursu, luctando, hastā, pugilatu, pilā, saliendo [[sese]] exercebant [[magis]], [[quam]] scorto [[aut]] saviis, Plaut.: nullum diem praetermisit, [[quo]] [[non]] [[pilo]] et sagittis ceterisque armorum se exerceret officiis, Vopisc.: se [[hoc]] genere pugnae exercuisse, Caes.: se ad cursuram, Plaut.: notavi in porticu gregem cursorum cum [[magistro]] se exercentem, Petron. – [[dum]] armis exercetur, Waffenübungen treibt, Cic.: cum exercentur (athletae), Cic.: exerceri in venando, Cic.: exercebatur [[plurimum]] currendo et luctando, Nep. – Partiz. Präs. exercēns refl., [[sich]] übend, Cic. de or. 2, 287. Suet. Caes. 26, 3; Aug. 98, 3. – [[ebenso]] refl., ludicra exercendi (Leibes- und Waffenübungen) [[aut]] venandi [[consuetudo]], Cic. de fin. 1, 69: pueros [[ante]] urbem [[lusus]] exercendique causā producere, Liv. 5, 27, 2. – b) [[geistig]]: [[vario]] [[modo]] discipulos, Suet.; vgl. [[quid]] te exercuit? Cic.: [[ingenium]], Cornif. rhet.; vgl. [[ingenium]] [[nemo]] [[sine]] corpore exercebat, Sall.: [[ingenium]] multiplici variāque materiā, Quint.: memoriam, Cic.: stilum, Cic.: verba, [[sich]] [[auf]] bloßes [[Wortgeklingel]] [[üben]], Sen. – in [[hoc]] genere exerceri [[apud]] magistros, Cic.: adulescentes ad copiam rhetorum, Cic. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, [[sich]] [[üben]], se cotidianis commentationibus [[acerrime]], Cic.: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, Cic.: ex. se u. exerceri in [[utrumque]] locum, Quint.: pueri discunt, exercentur, Cic.: exercebatur (er studierte) [[apud]] Arellium Tuscum, Sen. contr. 2. praef. § 1. – Partiz. Perf. Pass. [[exercitus]], s. [[bes]].<br />'''C)''' [[ein]] [[Werkzeug]] usw., eine [[Tätigkeit]] in [[Betrieb]] [[setzen]], [[handhaben]], [[anwenden]], [[ausüben]], [[betreiben]], [[mit]] etw. [[umgehen]], [[sich]] [[beschäftigen]], 1) im allg.: a) [[mater]]. Objj. u. körperl. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände: [[pro]] consuetudine regionum praedictae machinae exercentur, Col.: [[arma]], Verg.: pharetram [[aut]] acres [[arcus]], Val. Flacc.: palaestras, Verg.: vocem, [[ertönen]] [[lassen]], v. Präko, Plaut. – [[balatus]], [[cantus]], [[ertönen]] [[lassen]], Verg. – mellis [[vindemia]], [[propter]] [[quam]] [[totius]] anni [[labor]] exercetur, Col.; vgl. labores [[incassum]], Verg.: vicem, abwechselnd den [[Dienst]] [[verrichten]], Verg.: diem, poet. = [[sein]] Tagewerk [[verrichten]], Verg. – sitim, poet. = [[Durst]] [[leiden]], Sil. – pugnos in alqm, Plaut.: [[arma]] [[contra]] patriam, Tac.: eas linguas [[adversus]] [[nomen]] [[eius]], Augustin. de civ. dei 1, 3 extr. – est [[enim]] [[illi]] (naturae) [[mos]] exercere in parvis, ihren Willen im Kleinen zu [[äußern]] (kund zu [[geben]]), Sen. de clem. 1, 19, 3. – b) polit., geistige u. moral. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände [[handhaben]], [[ausüben]], [[fühlen]] [[lassen]], [[üben]], [[betätigen]], [[entfalten]], geltend [[machen]], [[äußern]], dura imperia, Verg.: [[imperium]] miti [[animo]], Sen.: memores [[plus]] [[quam]] [[civiliter]] iras, Ov.: [[familiariter]] inimicitias, Cic.: inexorabile [[odium]], Ov.: pretiosa odia et [[constantia]] magno, Ov.: victoriam, [[verfolgen]], Liv.: u. so victoriam [[crudeliter]], Sall.: iustitiam, Plin. ep.: pacem aeternam ([[halten]]) et [[hymenaeos]] ([[feiern]]), Verg. – [[nomen]] patris patriae indulgentiā, [[betätigen]] [[durch]] usw., Plin. pan. – [[non]] [[umquam]] facundiam, [[sich]] [[befassen]] [[mit]] usw., Tac. (vgl. [[non]] [[quo]] verba [[umquam]] [[potius]] [[quam]] [[res]] exercuerim, Liv.): [[canina]] [[facundia]] exercebatur, Sall. fr.; [[neque]] [[ego]] callidam facundiam [[neque]] [[ingenium]] ad [[male]] faciendum exercui, Sall. fr. – [[oft]] alqd cum alqo, in alqo, in alqm (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 49, 2 u. Iug. 16, 2), graves inimicitias cum alqo, Sall.: simultates, Liv., cum alqo, Cic. u. Sall.: [[odium]] in prole paternum, Ov.: gratiam [[atque]] inimicitias in tanta re, Sall.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi in alqo, Cic.: suam insatiabilem crudelitatem [[non]] [[solum]] in [[vivo]], [[sed]] [[etiam]] in mortuo et in [[eius]] corpore lacerando et vexando, Cic.: victoriam [[foede]] in captis, die G. [[fühlen]] [[lassen]], Liv.: [[fortuna]] exercet in alqo vim suam, zeigt, macht geltend seine [[Macht]] (seinen mächtigen [[Einfluß]]), Nep., od. in alqo [[opes]] (seinen mächtigen [[Einfluß]]), Liv.: tribuni militum in plebe [[regnum]] exercent, Liv.: hereditarium in alqm [[odium]], Vell.: libidinem et avaritiam in socios, Liv. – venerem amorem amoenitatemque, Plaut.: communes amores ad alqam, Catull. – 2) insbes.: a) [[als]] t.t. [[des]] [[Land]]- u. Bergbaus: α) [[einen]] [[Acker]] usw. [[bestellen]], [[bebauen]], [[rus]] exercere et colere, Col.: [[praedia]] [[rustica]], Liv.: vineas, campos curare et exercere, Plin. ep.: Africam et Aegyptum ex., Tac.: ex. studiosius [[mare]] [[quam]] terras, [[mehr]] [[Seeleute]] ([[Fischer]], [[Schiffer]], [[Seeräuber]]) [[als]] [[Ackerbauer]] [[sein]] (vgl. εργάζεσθαι γην, θάλασσαν), Iustin. – β) eine [[Grube]] usw. [[betreiben]], [[ausbeuten]], figlinas, argenti fodinas [[aut]] [[alia]] [[metalla]], [[Varro]]: [[metallum]] Macedonicum, Liv.: [[metalla]], Pacat. pan.: [[metalla]] auri [[atque]] argenti, Liv.: [[solum]], [[Flor]]. – b) [[als]] t.t. der Geschäftsspr., α) etw. [[als]] [[Gewerbe]] [[betreiben]], [[ausüben]], [[mit]] etw. [[ein]] [[Gewerbe]] [[treiben]], [[ein]] [[Gewerbe]] [[machen]], navem, [[Reederei]] [[treiben]], ICt.: aquae molas, Cassiod.: [[pistrinum]], das Müllerhandwerk [[betreiben]], Suet. u. Apul.: cauponam, Iustin u. ICt.: cauponam [[vel]] [[stabulum]], ICt.: tabernam ([[Kaufladen]]), Vitr. u. ICt.: officinam promercalium mercium, Suet.: armorum officinas, in [[Betrieb]] [[setzen]], Tac.: pecuniam, [[fenus]], [[Geld]] [[auf]] [[Zinsen]] [[leihen]], ICt.; vgl. [[fenus]] [[apud]] Helvetios, Suet. – [[commercium]] turis, Plin.: (corpore) quaestum, ICt.: argentariam ([[Wechselgeschäft]]), ICt.: artem, Hor., Cels. u.a.: medicinam, Cic.: medicinam fame, [[durch]] die [[Hungerkur]] [[heilen]] (v. Arzte), Plin.: rhetoricen, Quint. – piraticam, Iustin., u. piraticam [[adversus]] patriam, Iustin. – β) [[einen]] [[Stoff]] [[bearbeiten]], exercitae pelles, gegerbte, Cael. Aur. de morb. acut. 3, 8, 80. – c) [[als]] publiz. u. jurist. t.t.: α) v. der leitenden [[Tätigkeit]], etw. [[halten]], [[leiten]], [[vollziehen]] usw., [[qui]] exercet [[iudicium]], vom vorsitzenden [[Richter]], Cic.: exercere [[iudicium]] et poenas, [[verhängen]] od. [[vollziehen]], Tac.: [[ebenso]] quaestionem [[inter]] sicarios, Cic.: quaestionem severius, Liv., od. [[aspere]] violenterque, Sall. – od. etw. [[verwalten]], [[führen]], vectigalia ([[bes]]. v. den Staatspächtern), Cic.: [[institor]] exercens mercem, der [[Handel]] führende, ICt. – β) [[ein]] [[Gesetz]], [[Recht]] usw. [[handhaben]], in Ausübung [[bringen]], geltend [[machen]], iacēre irritas actiones... legem [[confestim]] exerceri, Liv.: exercendas [[esse]] leges respondit et atrocissime exercuit, Suet.: u. so [[ius]], [[beneficium]], ICt. – u. eine Rechtshandlung [[vollziehen]], [[anstellen]], litem, eine [[Entscheidung]] [[geben]], ICt.: actionem [[adversus]] alqm, ICt.: fortuita incendia [[civiliter]], [[verfolgen]], ICt. – / Formen [[nach]] der 3. Konjug. exercunt, Itala (Verc.) Luc. 22, 25: Imper. [[exercite]], Commodian. instr. 2, 27, 1. | ||
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Revision as of 12:25, 19 October 2022
Latin > English
exerceo exercere, exercui, exercitus V :: exercise, train, drill, practice; enforce, administer; cultivate
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
ex-ercĕo: ŭi, itum, 2, v. a. arceo,
I to drive on, keep busy, keep at work; to oversee, superintend; with an inanimate object, to work, work at, employ one's self about a thing.
I Lit. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose): quod in opere faciundo operae consumis tuae, Si sumas in illis (servis) exercendis, plus agas, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 22; cf.: homines qui agrum colunt, et qui eos exercent praepositive sunt his, quorum in numero sunt vilici et monitores, who oversee them, Dig. 33, 7, 8: exercete, viri, tauros, Verg. G. 1, 210: i sane, ego te exercebo hodie, ut dignus es, keep agoing, exercise, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 48: corpora assiduo varioque exercita motu, etc., driven, impelled, Lucr. 2, 97; cf. id. 4, 862; 2, 120; and: exercita cursu Flumina (with fontes liquidi), Verg. G. 3, 529 Wagn.: (Maeandros) Incertas exercet aquas, Ov. M. 8, 165: exercere feras, to drive, hunt, Dig. 7, 1, 62: Mi. Gestiunt pugni mihi. So. Si in me exercituru's, quaeso in parietem ut primum domes, to let loose, set them at me, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168: litus arant Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, work, till, Verg. A. 7, 798: solum presso sub vomere, id. G. 2, 356: rura bubus, Hor. Epod. 2, 3: humum in messem, Verg. G. 1, 219: vineas, arbusta, campos (with curare), Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 16: agrum multis arationibus, Pall. Jan. 13, 2: pinguia culta, Verg. A. 10, 142: ferrum vasto in antro (Cyclopes), id. ib. 8, 424: telas (aranea), Ov. M. 6, 145 al.; cf.: neque arva nobis aut metalla aut portus sunt, quibus exercendis reservemur, Tac. Agr. 31.—Poet.: ut possint (aratores), sole reducto, Exercere diem, i. e. employ the day in labor, perform their day's work, Verg. A. 10, 808.
II Trop. (freq. and class.).
A To engage busily, to occupy, employ, exercise a person or thing in some action.
(a) Aliquem or aliquid (in aliqua re, ad aliquid, aliqua re, etc.): me adolescentem multos annos in studio ejusdem laudis (Hortensius) exercuit, Cic. Brut. 64, 230: quod genus belli esse potest, in quo illum non exercuerit fortuna rei publicae, id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: a Diodoto studiosissime in dialectica exercebar, id. Brut. 90, 309; cf. id. de Or. 1, 57, 244: hanc (animi vim) tu exerce in optimis rebus, id. Rep. 6, 26: haec aetas (juvenum) exercenda in labore patientiaque et animi et corporis, id. Off. 1, 34, 122: animos in armis, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 41: in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, Verg. A. 6, 642: vocem et vires in hoc, Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 et saep.: Aristoteles adolescentes ... ad copiam rhetorum in utramque partem exercuit, id. Or. 14, 46: ad hanc te amentiam natura peperit, voluntas exercuit, id. Cat. 1, 10, 25: facultatem dicendi his exercuerunt, Quint. 2, 4, 41: ingenium multiplici variaque materia, id. 2, 4, 20: linguas litibus, Ov. M. 6, 375 et saep.—With simple acc.: quid te exercuit Pammenes? Cic. Brut. 97, 332: Induciomarus copias cogere, exercere coepit, to exercise, drill, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3: juventutis exercendae causa, id. ib. 6, 23, 6: ingenium nostrum, Auct. Her. 3, 21, 34: corpus, Cic. de Off. 1, 23, 79: exercendae memoriae gratia, id. de Sen. 11, 38: exercendi stili, Quint. 10, 5, 15: exercendus est spiritus, id. 11, 3, 54 et saep.—
(b) With se, or pass. in mid. force; and in part. praes. and gerund., to exercise or train one's self, to practise: si ad hoc unum est natus aut in hoc solo se exercuit, etc., Cic. Or. 28, 99: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, id. de Or. 1, 33, 152: se in consultationibus, id. Att. 9, 4, 3: sese ad cursuram, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 5: se ad velitationem, id. Rud. 2, 6, 41: sese quotidianis commentationibus, Cic. Brut. 71, 249: se genere pugnae, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4: se genere venationis, id. ib. 6, 28, 3: se saliendo, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 25: cur non in utrumque protinus locum se exerceant? Quint. 4, 2, 29 Zumpt N. cr.: Jovem Olympium, eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, implorabit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 40: cum athletas se exercentes in curriculo videret, id. de Sen. 9, 27; so, ad virtutem, Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7.— Mid.: ut exerceamur in venando, Cic. N. D. 2, 64, 161: ut in utrumque locum simul exerceamur, Quint. 5, 13, 50: faciunt idem, cum exercentur, athletae, Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 56: Ciceronis pueri amant inter se, discunt, exercentur, id. Att. 6, 1, 12: ne aliter exerceri velint, Quint. 3, 8, 70: in mandatis tuis exercebor, Vulg. Psa. 118, 15.—Act. part. in mid. force: cum, ceteris in campo exercentibus, in herba ipse recubuisset, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 287; so, ipsique dictata exercentibus darent, Suet. Caes. 26: spectavit assidue et exercentes ephebos, id. Aug. 98; cf.: si ludicra exercendi aut venandi consuetudine adamare solemus, of exercising ourselves, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 69, v. Madv. ad h. l.—
B To practise, follow, exercise any employment; to employ one's self about, to make use of any thing: medicinae exercendae causa, Cic. Clu. 63, 178: hoc civile quod vocant eatenus exercuerunt, quoad populum praestare voluerunt, id. Leg. 1, 4, 14: rhetoricen, Quint. 2, 1, 3; 2, 15, 27: eloquentiam, id. 1, 4, 6: artem, id. 3, 6, 18; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44: exercere atque exigere vectigalia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 16: cauponam vel stabulum, Dig. 4, 9, 1, § 5: navem, ib. 14, 1, 1: auri, argenti, sulphuris, etc. ... fodinas, ib. 7, 1, 13, § 5: negotiationem per libertos, ib. 26, 7, 58: commercium turis, Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54: arma, Verg. A. 4, 87: arma contra patriam, Tac. A. 11, 16: gymnasia et otia et turpes amores, id. ib. 6, 1: acies pueriles, batiles in sport, Juv. 15, 60: pharetram et arcum, Val. Fl. 3, 161: vocem (with clamare), Plaut. Poen. prol. 13.—
2 To follow up, follow out, prosecute, carry into effect, practise, administer: judicium, Cic. Arch. 12, 32: latam legem, Liv. 4, 51, 4: Tiberius exercendas leges esse respondit, Tac. A. 1, 72: legem praecipue sumptuariam, Suet. Caes. 43; id. Tib. 58: quaestionem inter sicarios, Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54: regnum, Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 47; cf. imperia, Verg. G. 2, 370: crudelitatem non solum in vivo sed etiam in mortuo, Cic. Phil. 11, 3, 8: inimicitias, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; cf.: graves inimicitias cum aliquo, Sall. C. 49, 2: gratiam aut inimicitias in tanta re, id. ib. 51, 16: jurgia, discordia, simultates cum hostibus, id. ib. 9, 2: cui exercita cum Pisone amicitia, Tac. A. 1, 14: licentiam, id. ib. 13, 47: amicitiam, id. ib. 15, 60: odium, id. ib. 13, 37: odium in aliquo, Ov. M. 9, 275 et saep.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88: juris aequabilitatem, id. ib.; cf. justitiam, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 10: scelus, libidinem, avaritiam in socios, Liv. 29, 17, 13; cf.: avaritiam (juvenes) exercere jubentur, Juv. 14, 108: foede victoriam in captis, Liv. 6, 22, 4: acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem, Sall. J. 16, 2: foede et crudeliter victoriam, id. C. 38: amores ad aliquem, Cat. 68, 69: pacem et hymenaeos, to celebrate, solemnize, Verg. A. 4, 99: nomen patris, to bear his name, Plin. Pan. 21, 4 et saep.—
C Pregn., to disturb, disquiet, vex, plague (the figure being taken from the baiting of wild beasts): meos casus, in quibus me fortuna vehementer exercuit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 1, 3: nunc me reliquiae vestrae exercent, id. Fam. 12, 4, 1: non te nullius exercent numinis irae, Verg. G. 4, 453: aliquem odiis, id. A. 4, 622 et saep.: te de praedio Oviae exerceri, moleste fero, Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4: ergo exercentur poenis, Verg. A, 6, 739: hominum vitam curis, Lucr. 5, 1424: ambitio animos hominum exercet, Sall. C. 11, 1: simultates nimio plures et exercuerunt eum et ipse exercuit eas, Liv. 39, 40, 9.—In the part. perf.: nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, Verg. A. 3, 182: Venus exercita curis, id. ib. 5, 779; cf.: curis exercita corpora, Ov. M. 7, 634: adversis probitas exercita rebus, id. Tr. 5, 5, 49: habere aliquem exercitum, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 6, 4.—Hence, exercĭ-tus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. C.).
A Vexed, harassed: scito nihil tam exercitum esse nunc Romae quam candidatos omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic. Att. 1, 11, 2: Tiberius tantis rebus, Tac. A. 4, 11.— Hence,
B Vexatious, severe: quid magis sollicitum, magis exercitum dici potest? Cic. Mil. 2, 5: finem tam exercitae militiae orabant, Tac. A. 1, 35: dura hiems, exercita aestas, id. ib. 1, 17: aestas (with inquieta), Plin. Ep. 7, 2, 2: infantiam pueritiamque habuit laboriosam et exercitam, Suet. Tib. 6 init.—
C Disciplined: (miles) exercitatus et vetus ob eam rem fortior (opp. rudis et inexercitatus), Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38: mirum in modum juventus, Flor. 1, 3, 2: proprio in metu, qui exercitam quoque eloquentiam debilitat, Tac. A. 3, 67: militia, id. ib. 3, 20: ad omne flagitium, id. ib. 14, 2: ingenium adulatione, id. H. 4, 4: Graeca doctrina ore tenus, id. A. 15, 45.—Comp. and sup.: exercitiorem, exercitissimum (dicebant antiqui), Paul. ex Fest. p. 81, 8 Müll. —Adv.: exercĭtē, in a practised manner; in comp.: cogitare, App. M. 11, p. 272, 6.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
exercĕō,⁷ cŭī, cĭtum, ēre (arceo),
I [pr.] ne pas laisser en repos :
1 mettre en mouvement sans relâche, tenir en haleine : corpora adsiduo exercita motu Lucr. 2, 97, les atomes agités d’un mouvement incessant ; tauros Virg. G. 1, 210, faire travailler les taureaux sans relâche ; exercita cursu flumina Virg. G. 3, 529, les fleuves dont l’eau court sans trêve, cf. Ov. M. 8, 165 || ego te exercebo hodie Ter. Ad. 587, je te donnerai du mouvement (je te ferai trotter) aujourd’hui
2 travailler une chose sans relâche ; tellurem Virg. G. 1, 99 ; solum Virg. G. 2, 356, travailler la terre, le sol ; ferrum Virg. En. 8, 424, travailler le fer, cf. Hor. Epo. 2, 3 ; Tac. Agr. 31 || diem Virg. En. 10, 808, faire le travail de la journée, accomplir sa tâche.
II [fig.]
1 tenir en haleine, travailler, tourmenter, inquiéter : casus, in quibus me fortuna vehementer exercuit Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, les revers, dans lesquels j’ai subi les violents assauts de la fortune ; ambitio animos hominum exercebat Sall. C. 11, 1, l’ambition tourmentait le cœur des hommes ; de aliqua re exerceri Cic. Att. 13, 22, 4, être tourmenté pour qqch. || tenir en haleine, animer : in studio ejusdem laudis me exercuit (Hortensius) Cic. Br. 230, (Hortensius) m’a tenu en haleine dans la poursuite de la même gloire
2 exercer, former par des exercices : corpus Cic. Off. 1, 79 ; memoriam Cic. CM 38 ; copias Cæs. G. 5, 55, 3, exercer le corps, la mémoire, des troupes ; aliquem in aliqua re Cic. Off. 1, 122, exercer qqn à, dans qqch., cf. Cic. Br. 309 ; de Or. 1, 244 ; Rep. 6, 29 ; ad aliquid Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 9, exercer qqn en vue de qqch. (mais ad copiam rhetorum Cic. Or. 46 = conformément à l’abondance des rhéteurs) || se exercere ou [pass. sens réfléchi] exerceri, s’exercer : aliqua re, in aliqua re, par qqch., dans qqch. : Cic. Br. 249 ; de Or. 1, 152 ; etc.; ad alicujus versus se exercere Cic. de Or. 1, 154, s’exercer sur les vers de qqn (les prendre pour modèles) ; alicui se exercere Cic. Tusc. 2, 40, s’exercer pour qqn, consacrer à qqn ses exercices || part. prés. exercens avec sens réfléchi, s’exerçant : Cic. de Or. 2, 287 ; Suet. Cæs. 26 ; Aug. 98
3 exercer, pratiquer : medicinam Cic. Clu. 178, la médecine ; jus civile Cic. Leg. 1, 14, le droit civil [jurisconsultes]; artem Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44, un art, une science ; arma Virg. En. 4, 87, se livrer aux exercices des armes || administrer, s’occuper de : judicium Cic. Arch. 32, conduire les débats, être président du tribunal ; quæstionem inter sicarios Cic. Fin. 2, 54, présider la chambre d’enquête sur les meurtres, instruire une affaire de meurtre ; vectigalia Cic. Pomp. 16, avoir la ferme des impôts ; cauponam, navem Dig., être cabaretier, armateur ; commercium turis Plin. 12, 54, exercer le commerce de l’encens ; arma contra patriam Tac. Ann. 11, 16, porter les armes contre sa patrie || exercer, mettre à exécution, faire sentir, manifester : crudelitatem in aliquo Cic. Phil. 11, 8, exercer sa cruauté à propos de (sur) qqn ; inimicitias Cic. Cæcil. 13, manifester son inimitié ; jurgia, discordias, simultates cum aliquo Sall. C. 9, 2, être en dispute, en désaccord, en compétition avec qqn ; facilitatem et altitudinem animi Cic. Off. 1, 88, mettre en pratique la douceur et la largeur d’âme ; scelus, libidinem, avaritiam in socios Liv. 29, 17, 13, faire peser sur les alliés sa scélératesse, ses débordements, sa cupidité ; victoriam Sall. C. 38, 4, exercer les droits du vainqueur, user de la victoire (in aliquem Sall. J. 16, 2, sur, contre qqn) ; legem Liv. 4, 51, 4 ; Tac. Ann. 1, 72 ; Suet. Cæs. 43 : Tib. 58, faire exécuter une loi. 3e conj. [décad.] : exercunt Itala Luc. 22, 25 ; impér. exercite Commod. Instr. 2, 27, 1.
Latin > German (Georges)
ex-erceo, cuī, citum, ēre (zu arceo, in Ruhe halten), aus dem Zustande der Ruhe gleichs. heraushalten, d.i. nicht ruhen-, nicht rasten-, nicht feiern lassen, sich rühren lassen, in Atem setzen, ohne Rast beschäftigen, im Gange erhalten, im üblen Sinne (als Synom. von fatigare) abmühen, abtreiben, abhetzen, I) eig.: a) v. der rastlosen Bewegung übh.: equos aequore campi, umhertummeln, Verg.: turbinem magno in gyro vacua atria circum, umhertreiben, Verg.: qualis apes aestate novā per florea rura exercet labor, Verg.; vgl. medial, apes exercentur agris, tummeln sich herum, Verg. – haec (corpora) quia sunt exercita motu, sich rastlos bewegen, Lucr.: u. so exercita cursu flumina, rastlos strömende, Verg.; vgl. (Maeandros) incertas exercet aquas, läßt rastlos strömen, Ov. – manum (mit der H. hin u. her fechten) et in ventum iactare brachia, Sen.: u. so manum (um sich schlagen), litigare etc., Sen. (vgl. Gronov Sen. Thyest. 165). – im üblen Sinne, poet., indomitas qualis undas exercet Auster, Hor.: ignem exercentibus Euris, Ov.: ex. venatu saltus opacos, Sil. – b) als mediz. t.t., von der aufregenden Körperbewegung der Kranken, in (aktive) Bewegung setzen, (aktive) Bewegung verschaffen, wohltätig körperlich aufregen, corpus, Cels.: pilā similibusque ex. superiores partes, Cels.: absol., commode exercent clara lectio, arma, pila, cursus, ambulatio, Cels. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, sich (aktive) Bewegung (Motion) machen, -verschaffen, Cels.: exerceri per manus (durch Handarbeiten u. dgl.), Cels. – selten v. der passiven Körperbewegung, pendentis tori gestatio, quo plurimā parte diei ac noctu motu exerceantur aegrotantes, Cael. Aur. – c) v. Rühren der Glieder bei der Arbeit, emsig rühren, -beschäftigen, assiduis brachia telis, Ov.: linguas litibus, Ov.: in sua dona manus, Prop.: manum (emsig Hand anlegen) et ea quae meditata sunt ad verum perducere, Sen. – d) v. In-Atem-Setzen der Sklaven u. Tiere bei der Arbeit, familiam, Cato: servos, Ter.: famulas ad lumina longo penso, von der Hausfrau, Verg.: tauros, Verg. – im üblen Sinne, ego te exercebo hodie, ut dignus es, in Atem setzen, herumkuranzen (Jacob), Ter.: (equae) neque opere neque cursu exerceantur, abgetrieben werden, Col.: u. so wohl feras, abhetzen, ICt. – e) v. emsigen Bearbeiten eines Ggstds., solum presso sub vomere, emsig umwühlen, Verg.: humum in messem, Verg.: paterna rura bobus suis, Hor.: ferrum, emsig schmieden (v. den Zyklopen), Verg.: antiquas telas, emsig fortspinnen (v. der Spinne), Ov.
II) übtr.: A) im allg., v. Ggstdn., Zuständen usw. aller Art, die jmd. gleichs. in Atem setzen, viel zu schaffen machen, (viel) Arbeit-, (viel) Plage machen, abarbeiten, tüchtig in Anspruch nehmen, hu deln, heimsuchen, abquälen, von Affekten auch = beherrschen, a) übh.: meos casus, in quibus me fortuna vehementer exercuit, Cic.: duae (villae) ut maxime delectant, ita exercent, Plin. ep.: quae (centumvirales causae) me exercent magis, quam delectant, Plin. ep.: promulgata lex exercuit civitatem, Liv.: strenua nos exercet inertia, Hor.: ambitio animos hominum exercet, Sall.: nunc me reliquiae vestrae exercent, Cic. – te de praedio exerceri (so viel Plage hast) moleste fero, Cic.: exerceri poenis, Verg.: candidati exerciti omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic.: Venus exercita curis, Verg.: in somniis exercitus, Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 6, 12. – b) als mediz. t.t., v. körperlichen Übeln, ut pueros vomitus, nocturnae vigiliae etc. exerceant, Cels.: alios astricta, alios resoluta alvus exercet, Cels.: teretes (lumbrici), qui pueros maxime exercent, Cels.: absol., si vero sudor exercet, Cels.
B) in einer Tätigkeit übend beschäftigen, üben, ausbilden, a) körperlich: iuventutem, Caes.: corpus, Sall.: in gramineis membra palaestris, Verg.: in hoc vocem et vires suas, Cic.: virgines non otio neque lanificio, sed armis, equis, venationibus, Iustin.: armis atque equis corpus (Ggstz. animum in litteris agitare), Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 10, 2. – als milit. t.t., in den Waffen-, taktisch üben, einüben, copias, Caes.: in armis Macedonas et mercennarios milites, Liv.: regem armavit atque exercuit adversus Romanos, Nep. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, sich üben, se in curriculo, v. den Athleten, Cic.: u. von dens., se Iovi Cic.: ibi (in palaestra) cursu, luctando, hastā, pugilatu, pilā, saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis, Plaut.: nullum diem praetermisit, quo non pilo et sagittis ceterisque armorum se exerceret officiis, Vopisc.: se hoc genere pugnae exercuisse, Caes.: se ad cursuram, Plaut.: notavi in porticu gregem cursorum cum magistro se exercentem, Petron. – dum armis exercetur, Waffenübungen treibt, Cic.: cum exercentur (athletae), Cic.: exerceri in venando, Cic.: exercebatur plurimum currendo et luctando, Nep. – Partiz. Präs. exercēns refl., sich übend, Cic. de or. 2, 287. Suet. Caes. 26, 3; Aug. 98, 3. – ebenso refl., ludicra exercendi (Leibes- und Waffenübungen) aut venandi consuetudo, Cic. de fin. 1, 69: pueros ante urbem lusus exercendique causā producere, Liv. 5, 27, 2. – b) geistig: vario modo discipulos, Suet.; vgl. quid te exercuit? Cic.: ingenium, Cornif. rhet.; vgl. ingenium nemo sine corpore exercebat, Sall.: ingenium multiplici variāque materiā, Quint.: memoriam, Cic.: stilum, Cic.: verba, sich auf bloßes Wortgeklingel üben, Sen. – in hoc genere exerceri apud magistros, Cic.: adulescentes ad copiam rhetorum, Cic. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, sich üben, se cotidianis commentationibus acerrime, Cic.: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, Cic.: ex. se u. exerceri in utrumque locum, Quint.: pueri discunt, exercentur, Cic.: exercebatur (er studierte) apud Arellium Tuscum, Sen. contr. 2. praef. § 1. – Partiz. Perf. Pass. exercitus, s. bes.
C) ein Werkzeug usw., eine Tätigkeit in Betrieb setzen, handhaben, anwenden, ausüben, betreiben, mit etw. umgehen, sich beschäftigen, 1) im allg.: a) mater. Objj. u. körperl. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände: pro consuetudine regionum praedictae machinae exercentur, Col.: arma, Verg.: pharetram aut acres arcus, Val. Flacc.: palaestras, Verg.: vocem, ertönen lassen, v. Präko, Plaut. – balatus, cantus, ertönen lassen, Verg. – mellis vindemia, propter quam totius anni labor exercetur, Col.; vgl. labores incassum, Verg.: vicem, abwechselnd den Dienst verrichten, Verg.: diem, poet. = sein Tagewerk verrichten, Verg. – sitim, poet. = Durst leiden, Sil. – pugnos in alqm, Plaut.: arma contra patriam, Tac.: eas linguas adversus nomen eius, Augustin. de civ. dei 1, 3 extr. – est enim illi (naturae) mos exercere in parvis, ihren Willen im Kleinen zu äußern (kund zu geben), Sen. de clem. 1, 19, 3. – b) polit., geistige u. moral. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände handhaben, ausüben, fühlen lassen, üben, betätigen, entfalten, geltend machen, äußern, dura imperia, Verg.: imperium miti animo, Sen.: memores plus quam civiliter iras, Ov.: familiariter inimicitias, Cic.: inexorabile odium, Ov.: pretiosa odia et constantia magno, Ov.: victoriam, verfolgen, Liv.: u. so victoriam crudeliter, Sall.: iustitiam, Plin. ep.: pacem aeternam (halten) et hymenaeos (feiern), Verg. – nomen patris patriae indulgentiā, betätigen durch usw., Plin. pan. – non umquam facundiam, sich befassen mit usw., Tac. (vgl. non quo verba umquam potius quam res exercuerim, Liv.): canina facundia exercebatur, Sall. fr.; neque ego callidam facundiam neque ingenium ad male faciendum exercui, Sall. fr. – oft alqd cum alqo, in alqo, in alqm (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 49, 2 u. Iug. 16, 2), graves inimicitias cum alqo, Sall.: simultates, Liv., cum alqo, Cic. u. Sall.: odium in prole paternum, Ov.: gratiam atque inimicitias in tanta re, Sall.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi in alqo, Cic.: suam insatiabilem crudelitatem non solum in vivo, sed etiam in mortuo et in eius corpore lacerando et vexando, Cic.: victoriam foede in captis, die G. fühlen lassen, Liv.: fortuna exercet in alqo vim suam, zeigt, macht geltend seine Macht (seinen mächtigen Einfluß), Nep., od. in alqo opes (seinen mächtigen Einfluß), Liv.: tribuni militum in plebe regnum exercent, Liv.: hereditarium in alqm odium, Vell.: libidinem et avaritiam in socios, Liv. – venerem amorem amoenitatemque, Plaut.: communes amores ad alqam, Catull. – 2) insbes.: a) als t.t. des Land- u. Bergbaus: α) einen Acker usw. bestellen, bebauen, rus exercere et colere, Col.: praedia rustica, Liv.: vineas, campos curare et exercere, Plin. ep.: Africam et Aegyptum ex., Tac.: ex. studiosius mare quam terras, mehr Seeleute (Fischer, Schiffer, Seeräuber) als Ackerbauer sein (vgl. εργάζεσθαι γην, θάλασσαν), Iustin. – β) eine Grube usw. betreiben, ausbeuten, figlinas, argenti fodinas aut alia metalla, Varro: metallum Macedonicum, Liv.: metalla, Pacat. pan.: metalla auri atque argenti, Liv.: solum, Flor. – b) als t.t. der Geschäftsspr., α) etw. als Gewerbe betreiben, ausüben, mit etw. ein Gewerbe treiben, ein Gewerbe machen, navem, Reederei treiben, ICt.: aquae molas, Cassiod.: pistrinum, das Müllerhandwerk betreiben, Suet. u. Apul.: cauponam, Iustin u. ICt.: cauponam vel stabulum, ICt.: tabernam (Kaufladen), Vitr. u. ICt.: officinam promercalium mercium, Suet.: armorum officinas, in Betrieb setzen, Tac.: pecuniam, fenus, Geld auf Zinsen leihen, ICt.; vgl. fenus apud Helvetios, Suet. – commercium turis, Plin.: (corpore) quaestum, ICt.: argentariam (Wechselgeschäft), ICt.: artem, Hor., Cels. u.a.: medicinam, Cic.: medicinam fame, durch die Hungerkur heilen (v. Arzte), Plin.: rhetoricen, Quint. – piraticam, Iustin., u. piraticam adversus patriam, Iustin. – β) einen Stoff bearbeiten, exercitae pelles, gegerbte, Cael. Aur. de morb. acut. 3, 8, 80. – c) als publiz. u. jurist. t.t.: α) v. der leitenden Tätigkeit, etw. halten, leiten, vollziehen usw., qui exercet iudicium, vom vorsitzenden Richter, Cic.: exercere iudicium et poenas, verhängen od. vollziehen, Tac.: ebenso quaestionem inter sicarios, Cic.: quaestionem severius, Liv., od. aspere violenterque, Sall. – od. etw. verwalten, führen, vectigalia (bes. v. den Staatspächtern), Cic.: institor exercens mercem, der Handel führende, ICt. – β) ein Gesetz, Recht usw. handhaben, in Ausübung bringen, geltend machen, iacēre irritas actiones... legem confestim exerceri, Liv.: exercendas esse leges respondit et atrocissime exercuit, Suet.: u. so ius, beneficium, ICt. – u. eine Rechtshandlung vollziehen, anstellen, litem, eine Entscheidung geben, ICt.: actionem adversus alqm, ICt.: fortuita incendia civiliter, verfolgen, ICt. – / Formen nach der 3. Konjug. exercunt, Itala (Verc.) Luc. 22, 25: Imper. exercite, Commodian. instr. 2, 27, 1.
