πικρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ά, όν, poet. also ός, όν <span class="bibl">Od.4.406</span> :—prop. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">pointed, sharp, keen</b>, ὀϊστός <span class="bibl">Il.4.118</span>, al.; βέλεμνα <span class="bibl">22.206</span>; γλωχίς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>681</span> : metaph., γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1288</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> generally, <b class="b2">sharp</b> to the sense: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of taste, <b class="b2">pungent</b>, ῥίζα <span class="bibl">Il.11.846</span>; ἅλμη <span class="bibl">Od.5.323</span>; <b class="b3">δάκρυον</b> (v.l. for [[πυκνόν]]) <span class="bibl">4.153</span>; of salt water, opp. <b class="b3">γλυκύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.35</span>; <b class="b3">ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>705a</span>; <b class="b3">πριγλία π</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>82.8</span> (iii B.C.); ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>; <b class="b3">ὑγρότης π</b>., opp. <b class="b3">ὀξεῖα</b>, <span class="bibl">Meno <span class="title">Iatr.</span>5.13</span>; also of smell, <b class="b2">pungent</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.406</span>; πικρὸν ὀδωδώς <span class="bibl">Alciphr. 3.59</span>. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of feeling, <b class="b2">sharp, keen</b>, ὠδῖνες <span class="bibl">Il.11.271</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of sound, <b class="b2">piercing, shrill</b>, οἰμωγά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>189</span> (lyr.); φθόγγος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1610</span>; <b class="b3">γόοι, ὄδυρμα</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>883</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1227</span> (lyr.); πικροτάτη ὄψ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>805</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> metaph., </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of things, <b class="b2">bitter</b>, esp. of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in threats, <b class="b3">μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι</b> (v.l. [[ἴδηαι]]) <span class="bibl">Od.17.448</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1045</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>883</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>399</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>955</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ba.</span>357</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>589</span>; π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>355</span>; τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>745</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>473</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1239</span> ; <b class="b3">δύαι, χεῖμα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 180</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>198</span> (lyr.) ; πικρότερ' ἀχέων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 875</span> (lyr.); λόγοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>481</span> ; πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>772</span> ; τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον γλυκὺ πικρῷ μεμειγμένον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>46c</span> ; ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ <span class="bibl">Men.795</span> : c. inf., μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ <span class="bibl">D.1.26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> so of persons, prob. in <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>4.1</span> (Comp.) ; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. <span class="bibl">Sol.13.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.301</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>234</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>152</span> (lyr.), etc. ; ἔς τινας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.123</span> : abs., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>739</span>, <span class="title">Th</span>940(lyr.); <b class="b3">π. θεοῖς</b> <b class="b2">hateful</b> to them, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>254</span>; π. πολίταις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>224</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>1222</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς</b> his death is <b class="b2">matter of sorrow</b> to me, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>966</span> ; <b class="b3">δαίμων π</b>., of <b class="b2">untimely</b> death (Lat. <b class="b2">acerbus)</b>, IG3.1338. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">embittered, angry</b>, πικρὰ ὄρνις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>423</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">relentless</b>, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.4</span> ; <b class="b2">spiteful, mean, vindictive</b>, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν <span class="bibl">D.18.108</span>; π. καὶ συκοφάντης <span class="bibl">Id.25.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1368b21</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1126a19</span> : in Com. of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός <span class="bibl">Men.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">825</span>, <span class="bibl">843</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Georg.Fr.</span>3</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> <b class="b2">pedantically</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Lys.</span>6</span>; <b class="b2">with rigid accuracy</b>, <span class="bibl">Apollon.Cit.3</span>, Plu.2.659f. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> <b class="b2">harshly, bitterly, vindictively</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>197</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>990</span> ; π. ἐξετάσαι <span class="bibl">D.2.27</span>, <span class="bibl">18.265</span> ; <b class="b3">π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.10.54</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.</span>3.10</span> ; π. φέρειν τι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>610</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Andr.</span>190</span>; ἔκλαυσε π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.75</span> : Comp. -ότερον <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>659</span>, etc.: Sup. -ότατα <span class="bibl">Plb.1.72.3</span>. [ῑ in Hom. and Ep.; ῐ freq. in Trag., as <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>473</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>970</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>500</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>772</span>, and in <span class="bibl">Theoc.8.74</span> : ι therefore is not long by nature as in <b class="b3">μικρός</b>.]</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0614.png Seite 614]] bei Dichtern auch 2 Endgn, wie Od. 4, 406, eigtl. <b class="b2">spitz, scharf</b> (vgl. Buttm. Lexil. I p. l 7), [[ὀϊστός]], βέλεμνα, Hom.; [[γλωχίν]], Soph. Trach. 678; daher übh. eindringend, scharf auf die Sinne wirkend; – a) vom <b class="b2">Geschmack</b>, herb, <b class="b2">bitter</b>; [[ῥίζα]], Il. 11, 846; [[ἅλμη]], Od. 5, 322; ähnlich [[δάκρυον]], 4, 153; ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς [[οἶνος]], Aesch. Ag. 944; πικρὰν χολὴν κλύζουσι φαρμάκῳ πικρῷ, Soph. frg. 733; Ggstz von [[γλυκύς]], Her. 7, 35; so auch τὸ λεγόμενον πικρῷ γλυκὺ μεμιγμένον, Plat. Phil. 46 c; πικροὶ καὶ χολώδεις χυμοί, Tim. 86 e. – b) vom <b class="b2">Geruch</b>, durchdringend, Od. 4, 406. – c) vom <b class="b2">Gefühl</b>, stechend, schneidend, <b class="b2">tief schmerzend</b>, ὠδῖνες, Il. 11, 271, wie Soph. Trach. 41, u. eben so, πικροῦ τοῦδ' αἰόλου κνώδοντος, Ai. 1003. – d) vom<b class="b2"> Gehör</b>, durchdringend, scharf, <b class="b2">gellend</b>, bes. von sehr hohen, das Trommelfell schmerzhaft reizenden Tönen, Ar. Pax 795, πικρᾶς οἰμωγᾶς, Soph. Phil. 189, [[φθόγγος]], O. C. 1606, u. ä., πικρᾶς ὄρνιθος ὀξὺν φθόγγον, Ant. 419. – el überh. <b class="b2">schmerzhaft</b>, widerwärtig, wodurch man sich verletzt, gekränkt fühlt, Od. 17, 448; πικροτάτα τελευτά, Pind. I. 6, 43; δύαι, Aesch. Prom. 178; [[τιμωρία]], Pers. 465; γάμου πικρὰς τελευτάς, Ag. 725, [[λύπη]], Soph. bl. 644; ἀγῶνες, Ai. 1218; vgl. πικρὰν δοκῶ με πεῖραν τήνδε τολμήσειν ἔτι, El. 462; [[νόστος]], Eur. Phoen. 956; [[λύπη]], Or. 1105; πικροτάτους δεσμούς, Bacch. 634; πικροὺς ἰγώ σοι δείξω νόμους, Ar. Av. 1045; u. in Prosa; ούδὲν τῆς ἀνάγκης πικρότερον, Antiph. 2 β 4; χαλεπὴν καὶ [[σφόδρα]] πικρὰν γειτονίαν, Plat. Legg. VIII, 843 c; λόγοι, Gorg. 522 b. – f) auch von <b class="b2">Personen, heftig</b>, jähzornig, bes. feindselig, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ [[οἶδα]] νῷν ὄντας πικρούς, Aesch. Ch. 232; ἄθεον ἄνδρα καὶ τοκεῦσιν πικρόν, Eum 147; πικρὸς πολίταις ἐστίν, Eur. Med. 224, u. öfter; εἴς τινα, Her. 1, 123; πονηρὸς καὶ πικρὸς καὶ [[συκοφάντης]] vrbdt Dem. 25, 45; u. so adv., ὠμῶς καὶ πικρῶς ἔχειν ἐπί τινι, ib. 83; [[τύραννος]], Pol. 7, 13, 7; [[δικαστής]], streng, 5, 41, 3; καὶ [[ἀπαραίτητος]] u. ä. oft (vgl. Arist. eth. 4, 11); u. so auch im adv., πικρῶς διακεῖσθαι [[πρός]] τινα, 4, 14, 1; πικρότατα χρῆσθαί τινι, 1, 72, 3, u. a. Sp. – [Hom. braucht ι lang, es findet sich aber auch kurz, Soph. Ai. 500, Theocr. 8, 74]