causa: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>causa</b>: (by [[Cicero]], and also a [[little]] [[after]] him, [[caussa]], Quint. 1, 7, 20; so Fast. Praenest. pp. 321, 322; Inscr. Orell. 3681; 4077; 4698 al.; in Mon. Ancyr. 3, 1 dub.), ae, f. perh. [[root]] cav- of [[caveo]], [[prop]]. [[that]] [[which]] is defended or protected; cf. [[cura]],<br /><b>I</b> [[that]] by, on [[account]] of, or [[through]] [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] takes [[place]] or is done; a [[cause]], [[reason]], [[motive]], [[inducement]]; also, in gen., an [[occasion]], [[opportunity]] (opp. effectis, Quint. 6, 3, 66; 7, 3, 29: factis, id. 4, 2, 52; 12, 1, 36 al.; [[very]] freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of [[discourse]]. In its [[different]] meanings syn. [[with]] [[ratio]], [[principium]], [[fons]], [[origo]], [[caput]]; [[excusatio]], [[defensio]]; judicium, [[controversia]], lis; partes, [[actio]]; [[condicio]], [[negotium]], [[commodum]], al.).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: [[causa]] ea est, quae id efficit, cujus est [[causa]]; ut [[vulnus]] mortis; [[cruditas]] morbi; [[ignis]] ardoris. Itaque non sic [[causa]] intellegi debet, ut [[quod]] cuique antecedat, id ei [[causa]] [[sit]], sed [[quod]] cuique [[efficienter]] antecedat, Cic. Fat. 15, 34: justa et magna et perspicua, id. Rosc. Am. 14, 40: id. Phil. 2, 22, 53; id. Att. 16, 7, 6: sontica [[causa]], v. [[sonticus]].—Followed by a [[particle]] of [[cause]]: [[causa]], [[quamobrem]], etc., Ter. And. 5, 1, 18; id. Eun. 1, 2, 65; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 95; id. Hec. 3, 3, 22; 3, 5, 2; 4, 4, 73; Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44: [[causa]], [[quare]], etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60: [[causa]], [[cur]], etc., id. Ac. 1, 3, 10; Quint. 11, 3, 16; 2, 3, 11; Hor. C. 1, 16, 19 al.: [[causa]] [[quod]], etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109; id. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Quint. 2, 1, 1; 5, 10, 30 al.: ut, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 7; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 6; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4 al.: [[haud]] [[causa]] [[quin]], etc., Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4: quae [[causa]] est [[quin]], id. Capt. 2, 2, 103: [[quid]] causae est [[quin]], Ter. And. 3, 4, 21; Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; Hor. S. 1, 1, 20: nulla [[causa]] est [[quin]], Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 1: [[causa]] [[quominus]], Sall. C. 51, 41; Liv. 34, 56, 9: [[causa]] ne, id. 34, 39, 9: [[nihil]] causae est [[cur]] non, etc., Quint. 11, 3, 59: causae [[propter]] quas, etc., id. 4, 2, 12; 5, 7, 24; 8, 6, 23.—With gen. obj.: is, qui [[causa]] mortis fuit, Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7; Liv. 21, 21, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 18; 7, 4, 42: salutis, Lucr. 3, 349: morbi, id. 3, 502; Verg. G. 4, 397; Hor. C. 2, 2, 14: nos [[causa]] belli sumus, Liv. 1, 13, 3: [[causa]] mortis fuistis, Quint. 7, 3, 32; Sen. Ira, 2, 27, 3: explicandae philosophiae, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6: nec [[vero]] [[umquam]] bellorum civilium [[semen]] et [[causa]] deerit, id. Off. 2, 8, 29; so, belli, Sall. C. 2, 2; Verg. A. 7, 553; Hor. C. 2, 1, 2; id. S. 1, 3, 108; id. Ep. 1, 2, 9: [[felix]] qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, Verg. G. 2, 490: vera objurgandi [[causa]], Ter. And. 1, 1, 131; cf. [[with]] ad: [[causa]] ad objurgandum, id. ib. 1, 1, 123; id. Hec. 4, 4, 71; and [[poet]]. [[with]] inf.: consurgere in [[arma]], Verg. A. 10, 90: perire, Tib. 3, 2, 30: gestare carinas, Luc. 5, 464.— With prepp.: cum causā, [[with]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4: [[sine]] causā, [[without]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. Fat. 9, 18; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; id. Att. 13, 22, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 35; 1, 12, 9: his de causis, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6: id [[nisi]] gravi de causā non fecisset, id. ib. 7, 7, 3: justis de causis, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2: quā de causā, id. Off. 1, 41, 147; id. Ac. 1, 12, 43; Caes. B. G. 1, 1: quibus de causis, Quint. 4, 2, 15; [[less]] freq. in [[ante]]-Aug. [[prose]]: quā ex [[causa]], Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13; id. Mur. 17, 36; [[but]] [[very]] freq. in Quint., Sen., and the younger Plin.; so, nullā aliā ex causā, Sen. Ep. 29, 1: multis ex causis, Quint. 5, 12, 3: quibus ex causis, id. 4, 2, 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 8: ex plurimis causis, id. ib. 1, 3, 6: ex his (causis), id. ib. 5, 8, 6:—ob eam causam [[scribo]], ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4: [[illa]] [[festinatio]] fuit ob illam causam, ne, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 99; Nep. Milt. 6, 2: ob eam causam, [[quia]], etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51: ob eas causas, Caes. B. G. 1, 10: ob eam ipsam causam, Cic. Brut. 7, 29: [[quam]] ob causam, Nep. Paus. 2, 6: [[propter]] eam [[quam]] dixi causam, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110: causae [[propter]] quas, Quint. 4, 2, 12.—In causā esse, to be the [[cause]] of, [[responsible]] for, etc. ([[rare]]): in causā haec sunt, Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1: vim morbi in causā esse, quo [[serius]] perficeretur, Liv. 40, 26, 5: verecundiam multis in causā fuisse, ut, etc., Quint. 12, 5, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 3; 7, 5, 1; Plin. 9, 30, 49, § 94; cf.: tarditatis [[causa]] in senatu fuit, Liv. 4, 58, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Causā, in abl. [[with]] gen. or [[possess]]. adj. (usu. [[put]] [[after]] the [[noun]]), as patris causā, meā causā, on [[account]] of, for the [[sake]] of (in the [[best]] [[prose]], [[almost]] [[always]] referring to the [[future]], and implying a [[purpose]]; cf. [[propter]] [[with]] acc. of the pre-existing [[cause]] or [[motive]]): honoris tui causā huc ad te venimus, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 25; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2 al.: animi [[causa]], v. [[animus]], II., etc.: exempli causā, v. [[exemplum]]: causā meā, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47; id. Poen. 1, 2, 160; id. Am. 1, 3, 42 al.; Ter. Heaut. prol. 41; 5, 5, 23 al.; causā meāpte, id. ib. 4, 3, 8: nostra [[causa]], id. Phorm. 4, 4, 14; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120; Quint. 7, 4, 9: vestrā [[magis]] hoc causā volebam [[quam]] meā, Cic. de Or. 1, 35. 162: aliena [[potius]] [[causa]] [[quam]] sua, Quint. 3, 7, 16.—Put [[before]] the [[noun]]: rastros capsit causă potiendi agri, Enn. Ann. 324 Vahl.: [[quidquid]] hujus feci, causā virginis Feci, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 122; so Liv. 26, 32, 6; 31, 12, 4; 39, 14, 8; 40, 41 fin.; 40, 44, 10.—Rarely [[with]] [[propter]] in the [[same]] [[sense]]: vestrarum [[sedum]] templorumque causā, [[propter]] salutem meorum civium, Cic. Sest. 20, 45.—With gen. of pers. or reflex. pron. [[instead]] of [[possess]]. [[very]] [[rare]] (v. Lahmeyer ad Cic. Lael. 16, 57): [[quod]] [[illi]] [[semper]] sui causā fecerant, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121.<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> = justa [[causa]], [[good]] [[reason]], [[just]] [[cause]], [[full]] [[right]]: cum causā accedere ad accusandum, [[with]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; so, cum causā, id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; 3, 16, 7; and the [[contrary]]: [[sine]] causā, [[without]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> An [[apology]], [[excuse]], [[Cato]], R. R. 2, 2; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 42; Cic. Fam. 16, 19 fin.; Verg. A. 9, 219 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Causam alicui [[dare]] alicujus rei, [[occasion]]: qui (Nebatius) mihi dedit causam harum litterarum, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 8; for [[which]] poët.: [[Bacchus]] et ad culpam causas dedit, Verg. G. 2, 455 Forbig. ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> A [[feigned]] [[cause]], a [[pretext]], [[pretence]], = [[praetextus]], [[πρόφασις]]: habere causam, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 44: fingere falsas causas, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71; id. And. 1, 3, 8 Ruhnk.; 4, 1, 18; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 4: fingit causas ne det, id. Eun. 1, 2, 58; cf. Tib. 1, 6, 11: morae facere, to [[pretend]] reasons for the [[delay]], Sall. J. 36, 2: inferre causam, Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 2: causam interponere, Nep. Them. 7, 1; cf. id. Milt. 4, 1: bellandi, id. Ham. 3, 1: belli, Tac. A. 12, 45: jurgii, Phaedr. 1, 1, 4 al. (On the [[other]] [[hand]], [[causa]], a true [[cause]], is opp. to [[praetextus]], a [[pretext]], Suet. Caes. 30.)—So freq. per causam, under the [[pretext]], Caes. B. C. 3, 24; 3, 76; 3, 87; Liv. 2, 32, 1 Drak.; 22, 61, 8; Suet. Caes. 2; id. Oth. 3; id. Vesp. 1; Tib. 1, 6, 26; Ov. H. 20, 140; id. Tr. 2, 452.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> In judic. lang. t. t., a [[cause]], [[judicial]] [[process]], [[lawsuit]]: privatae, Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4: publicae, id. de Or. 3, 20, 74; id. Rosc. Am. 21, 59: capitis aut famae, id. Fam. 9, 21, 1: causam agere, id. de Or. 2, 48, 199; Quint. 6, 1, 54; 7, 2, 55; 10, 7, 30; 11, 1, 67 et saep.: constituere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1: perorare, id. Quint. 24, 77: defendere, Quint. 3, 6, 9; 12, 1, 24; 12, 1, 37; Suet. Caes. 49: exponere, Quint. 2, 5, 7: perdere, Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 10: obtinere, id. Fam. 1, 4, 1: [[tenere]] (= obticere), Ov. M. 13, 190: causā cadere, v. [[cado]], II.: causam dicere, to [[defend]] one's [[self]], or to [[make]] a [[defence]] (as an [[advocate]]), Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 12 and 13; 21, 54; id. Sest. 8, 18; id. Quint. 8, 31; Liv. 29, 19, 5; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 8, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 30 et saep.—Poet.: [[causa]] [[prior]], the [[first]] [[part]] of the [[process]], i. e. the [[trial]], Ov. M. 15, 37.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Out of the [[sphere]] of [[judicial]] proceedings, the [[party]], [[faction]], [[cause]] [[that]] one defends: ne condemnare causam illam, [[quam]] secutus esset, videretur, etc., Cic. Lig. 9, 27 sq.: suarum partium [[causa]], Quint. 3, 8, 57: [[causa]] Caesaris [[melior]], id. 5, 11, 42; Tac. A. 1, 36 al. —Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[Meton]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[relation]] of [[friendship]], [[connection]]: quīcum [[tibi]] adfininitas, [[societas]], omnes [[denique]] causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant, Cic. Quint. 15, 48: explicare [[breviter]], quae mihi [[sit]] [[ratio]] et [[causa]] cum Caesare, id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; id. Fam. 13, 19, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., = [[condicio]], a [[condition]], [[state]], [[situation]], [[relation]], [[position]]: ut [[nonnumquam]] mortem sibi [[ipse]] consciscere [[aliquis]] debeat, [[alius]] in eādem causā non debeat: num [[enim]] aliā in causā M. [[Cato]] fuit, [[alia]] ceteri, qui se in Africā Caesari tradiderunt? Cic. Off. 1, 31, 112; so Caes. B. G. 4, 4 Herz.: ([[Regulus]]) erat in meliore causā [[quam]], etc., Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 3, 2, 9 ([[where]] for [[causa]] in the foll. [[clause]] is [[condicio]]): [[atque]] in hoc genere mea [[causa]] est, ut, etc., id. Fam. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. ib. 9, 13, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = [[negotium]], a [[cause]], [[business]] undertaken for [[any]] one, an [[employment]]: cui [[senatus]] dederat [[publice]] causam, ut mihi gratias ageret, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 170: [[quod]] [[nemo]] eorum rediisset, qui [[super]] tali causā [[eodem]] missi erant, Nep. Paus. 4, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> In medic. lang., a [[cause]] for [[disease]]: causam metuere, Cels. 3, 3; so Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 11 fin.; Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 218.—Hence in [[late]] Lat. for [[disease]], Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10, 95; id. Acut. 2, 29, 157; Veg. 1, 25, 1; 3, 6, 11; 3, 45, 5; 4, 4, 2 al.—<br /> That [[which]] lies at the [[basis]] of a [[rhetorical]] [[representation]], [[matter]], [[subject]], [[ὑπόθεσις]], Cic. Top. 21, 79; id. Inv. 1, 6, 8; Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18; Quint. 3, 5, 7 sq.
|lshtext=<b>causa</b>: (by [[Cicero]], and also a [[little]] [[after]] him, [[caussa]], Quint. 1, 7, 20; so Fast. Praenest. pp. 321, 322; Inscr. Orell. 3681; 4077; 4698 al.; in Mon. Ancyr. 3, 1 dub.), ae, f. perh. [[root]] cav- of [[caveo]], [[prop]]. [[that]] [[which]] is defended or protected; cf. [[cura]],<br /><b>I</b> [[that]] by, on [[account]] of, or [[through]] [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] takes [[place]] or is done; a [[cause]], [[reason]], [[motive]], [[inducement]]; also, in gen., an [[occasion]], [[opportunity]] (opp. effectis, Quint. 6, 3, 66; 7, 3, 29: factis, id. 4, 2, 52; 12, 1, 36 al.; [[very]] freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of [[discourse]]. In its [[different]] meanings syn. [[with]] [[ratio]], [[principium]], [[fons]], [[origo]], [[caput]]; [[excusatio]], [[defensio]]; judicium, [[controversia]], lis; partes, [[actio]]; [[condicio]], [[negotium]], [[commodum]], al.).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: [[causa]] ea est, quae id efficit, cujus est [[causa]]; ut [[vulnus]] mortis; [[cruditas]] morbi; [[ignis]] ardoris. Itaque non sic [[causa]] intellegi debet, ut [[quod]] cuique antecedat, id ei [[causa]] [[sit]], sed [[quod]] cuique [[efficienter]] antecedat, Cic. Fat. 15, 34: justa et magna et perspicua, id. Rosc. Am. 14, 40: id. Phil. 2, 22, 53; id. Att. 16, 7, 6: sontica [[causa]], v. [[sonticus]].—Followed by a [[particle]] of [[cause]]: [[causa]], [[quamobrem]], etc., Ter. And. 5, 1, 18; id. Eun. 1, 2, 65; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 95; id. Hec. 3, 3, 22; 3, 5, 2; 4, 4, 73; Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44: [[causa]], [[quare]], etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60: [[causa]], [[cur]], etc., id. Ac. 1, 3, 10; Quint. 11, 3, 16; 2, 3, 11; Hor. C. 1, 16, 19 al.: [[causa]] [[quod]], etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109; id. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Quint. 2, 1, 1; 5, 10, 30 al.: ut, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 7; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 6; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4 al.: [[haud]] [[causa]] [[quin]], etc., Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4: quae [[causa]] est [[quin]], id. Capt. 2, 2, 103: [[quid]] causae est [[quin]], Ter. And. 3, 4, 21; Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; Hor. S. 1, 1, 20: nulla [[causa]] est [[quin]], Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 1: [[causa]] [[quominus]], Sall. C. 51, 41; Liv. 34, 56, 9: [[causa]] ne, id. 34, 39, 9: [[nihil]] causae est [[cur]] non, etc., Quint. 11, 3, 59: causae [[propter]] quas, etc., id. 4, 2, 12; 5, 7, 24; 8, 6, 23.—With gen. obj.: is, qui [[causa]] mortis fuit, Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7; Liv. 21, 21, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 18; 7, 4, 42: salutis, Lucr. 3, 349: morbi, id. 3, 502; Verg. G. 4, 397; Hor. C. 2, 2, 14: nos [[causa]] belli sumus, Liv. 1, 13, 3: [[causa]] mortis fuistis, Quint. 7, 3, 32; Sen. Ira, 2, 27, 3: explicandae philosophiae, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6: nec [[vero]] [[umquam]] bellorum civilium [[semen]] et [[causa]] deerit, id. Off. 2, 8, 29; so, belli, Sall. C. 2, 2; Verg. A. 7, 553; Hor. C. 2, 1, 2; id. S. 1, 3, 108; id. Ep. 1, 2, 9: [[felix]] qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, Verg. G. 2, 490: vera objurgandi [[causa]], Ter. And. 1, 1, 131; cf. [[with]] ad: [[causa]] ad objurgandum, id. ib. 1, 1, 123; id. Hec. 4, 4, 71; and [[poet]]. [[with]] inf.: consurgere in [[arma]], Verg. A. 10, 90: perire, Tib. 3, 2, 30: gestare carinas, Luc. 5, 464.— With prepp.: cum causā, [[with]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4: [[sine]] causā, [[without]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. Fat. 9, 18; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; id. Att. 13, 22, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 35; 1, 12, 9: his de causis, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6: id [[nisi]] gravi de causā non fecisset, id. ib. 7, 7, 3: justis de causis, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2: quā de causā, id. Off. 1, 41, 147; id. Ac. 1, 12, 43; Caes. B. G. 1, 1: quibus de causis, Quint. 4, 2, 15; [[less]] freq. in [[ante]]-Aug. [[prose]]: quā ex [[causa]], Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13; id. Mur. 17, 36; [[but]] [[very]] freq. in Quint., Sen., and the younger Plin.; so, nullā aliā ex causā, Sen. Ep. 29, 1: multis ex causis, Quint. 5, 12, 3: quibus ex causis, id. 4, 2, 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 8: ex plurimis causis, id. ib. 1, 3, 6: ex his (causis), id. ib. 5, 8, 6:—ob eam causam [[scribo]], ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4: [[illa]] [[festinatio]] fuit ob illam causam, ne, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 99; Nep. Milt. 6, 2: ob eam causam, [[quia]], etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51: ob eas causas, Caes. B. G. 1, 10: ob eam ipsam causam, Cic. Brut. 7, 29: [[quam]] ob causam, Nep. Paus. 2, 6: [[propter]] eam [[quam]] dixi causam, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110: causae [[propter]] quas, Quint. 4, 2, 12.—In causā esse, to be the [[cause]] of, [[responsible]] for, etc. ([[rare]]): in causā haec sunt, Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1: vim morbi in causā esse, quo [[serius]] perficeretur, Liv. 40, 26, 5: verecundiam multis in causā fuisse, ut, etc., Quint. 12, 5, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 3; 7, 5, 1; Plin. 9, 30, 49, § 94; cf.: tarditatis [[causa]] in senatu fuit, Liv. 4, 58, 4.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Causā, in abl. [[with]] gen. or [[possess]]. adj. (usu. [[put]] [[after]] the [[noun]]), as patris causā, meā causā, on [[account]] of, for the [[sake]] of (in the [[best]] [[prose]], [[almost]] [[always]] referring to the [[future]], and implying a [[purpose]]; cf. [[propter]] [[with]] acc. of the pre-existing [[cause]] or [[motive]]): honoris tui causā huc ad te venimus, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 25; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2 al.: animi [[causa]], v. [[animus]], II., etc.: exempli causā, v. [[exemplum]]: causā meā, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47; id. Poen. 1, 2, 160; id. Am. 1, 3, 42 al.; Ter. Heaut. prol. 41; 5, 5, 23 al.; causā meāpte, id. ib. 4, 3, 8: nostra [[causa]], id. Phorm. 4, 4, 14; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120; Quint. 7, 4, 9: vestrā [[magis]] hoc causā volebam [[quam]] meā, Cic. de Or. 1, 35. 162: aliena [[potius]] [[causa]] [[quam]] sua, Quint. 3, 7, 16.—Put [[before]] the [[noun]]: rastros capsit causă potiendi agri, Enn. Ann. 324 Vahl.: [[quidquid]] hujus feci, causā virginis Feci, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 122; so Liv. 26, 32, 6; 31, 12, 4; 39, 14, 8; 40, 41 fin.; 40, 44, 10.—Rarely [[with]] [[propter]] in the [[same]] [[sense]]: vestrarum [[sedum]] templorumque causā, [[propter]] salutem meorum civium, Cic. Sest. 20, 45.—With gen. of pers. or reflex. pron. [[instead]] of [[possess]]. [[very]] [[rare]] (v. Lahmeyer ad Cic. Lael. 16, 57): [[quod]] [[illi]] [[semper]] sui causā fecerant, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121.<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> = justa [[causa]], [[good]] [[reason]], [[just]] [[cause]], [[full]] [[right]]: cum causā accedere ad accusandum, [[with]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; so, cum causā, id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; 3, 16, 7; and the [[contrary]]: [[sine]] causā, [[without]] [[good]] [[reason]], Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> An [[apology]], [[excuse]], [[Cato]], R. R. 2, 2; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 42; Cic. Fam. 16, 19 fin.; Verg. A. 9, 219 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> Causam alicui [[dare]] alicujus rei, [[occasion]]: qui (Nebatius) mihi dedit causam harum litterarum, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 8; for [[which]] poët.: [[Bacchus]] et ad culpam causas dedit, Verg. G. 2, 455 Forbig. ad loc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> A [[feigned]] [[cause]], a [[pretext]], [[pretence]], = [[praetextus]], [[πρόφασις]]: habere causam, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 44: fingere falsas causas, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71; id. And. 1, 3, 8 Ruhnk.; 4, 1, 18; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 4: fingit causas ne det, id. Eun. 1, 2, 58; cf. Tib. 1, 6, 11: morae facere, to [[pretend]] reasons for the [[delay]], Sall. J. 36, 2: inferre causam, Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 2: causam interponere, Nep. Them. 7, 1; cf. id. Milt. 4, 1: bellandi, id. Ham. 3, 1: belli, Tac. A. 12, 45: jurgii, Phaedr. 1, 1, 4 al. (On the [[other]] [[hand]], [[causa]], a true [[cause]], is opp. to [[praetextus]], a [[pretext]], Suet. Caes. 30.)—So freq. per causam, under the [[pretext]], Caes. B. C. 3, 24; 3, 76; 3, 87; Liv. 2, 32, 1 Drak.; 22, 61, 8; Suet. Caes. 2; id. Oth. 3; id. Vesp. 1; Tib. 1, 6, 26; Ov. H. 20, 140; id. Tr. 2, 452.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> In judic. lang. t. t., a [[cause]], [[judicial]] [[process]], [[lawsuit]]: privatae, Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4: publicae, id. de Or. 3, 20, 74; id. Rosc. Am. 21, 59: capitis aut famae, id. Fam. 9, 21, 1: causam agere, id. de Or. 2, 48, 199; Quint. 6, 1, 54; 7, 2, 55; 10, 7, 30; 11, 1, 67 et saep.: constituere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1: perorare, id. Quint. 24, 77: defendere, Quint. 3, 6, 9; 12, 1, 24; 12, 1, 37; Suet. Caes. 49: exponere, Quint. 2, 5, 7: perdere, Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 10: obtinere, id. Fam. 1, 4, 1: [[tenere]] (= obticere), Ov. M. 13, 190: causā cadere, v. [[cado]], II.: causam dicere, to [[defend]] one's [[self]], or to [[make]] a [[defence]] (as an [[advocate]]), Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 12 and 13; 21, 54; id. Sest. 8, 18; id. Quint. 8, 31; Liv. 29, 19, 5; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 8, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 30 et saep.—Poet.: [[causa]] [[prior]], the [[first]] [[part]] of the [[process]], i. e. the [[trial]], Ov. M. 15, 37.—Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Out of the [[sphere]] of [[judicial]] proceedings, the [[party]], [[faction]], [[cause]] [[that]] one defends: ne condemnare causam illam, [[quam]] secutus esset, videretur, etc., Cic. Lig. 9, 27 sq.: suarum partium [[causa]], Quint. 3, 8, 57: [[causa]] Caesaris [[melior]], id. 5, 11, 42; Tac. A. 1, 36 al. —Hence,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Meton.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[relation]] of [[friendship]], [[connection]]: quīcum [[tibi]] adfininitas, [[societas]], omnes [[denique]] causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant, Cic. Quint. 15, 48: explicare [[breviter]], quae mihi [[sit]] [[ratio]] et [[causa]] cum Caesare, id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; id. Fam. 13, 19, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., = [[condicio]], a [[condition]], [[state]], [[situation]], [[relation]], [[position]]: ut [[nonnumquam]] mortem sibi [[ipse]] consciscere [[aliquis]] debeat, [[alius]] in eādem causā non debeat: num [[enim]] aliā in causā M. [[Cato]] fuit, [[alia]] ceteri, qui se in Africā Caesari tradiderunt? Cic. Off. 1, 31, 112; so Caes. B. G. 4, 4 Herz.: ([[Regulus]]) erat in meliore causā [[quam]], etc., Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 3, 2, 9 ([[where]] for [[causa]] in the foll. [[clause]] is [[condicio]]): [[atque]] in hoc genere mea [[causa]] est, ut, etc., id. Fam. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. ib. 9, 13, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = [[negotium]], a [[cause]], [[business]] undertaken for [[any]] one, an [[employment]]: cui [[senatus]] dederat [[publice]] causam, ut mihi gratias ageret, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 170: [[quod]] [[nemo]] eorum rediisset, qui [[super]] tali causā [[eodem]] missi erant, Nep. Paus. 4, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> In medic. lang., a [[cause]] for [[disease]]: causam metuere, Cels. 3, 3; so Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 11 fin.; Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 218.—Hence in [[late]] Lat. for [[disease]], Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10, 95; id. Acut. 2, 29, 157; Veg. 1, 25, 1; 3, 6, 11; 3, 45, 5; 4, 4, 2 al.—<br /> That [[which]] lies at the [[basis]] of a [[rhetorical]] [[representation]], [[matter]], [[subject]], [[ὑπόθεσις]], Cic. Top. 21, 79; id. Inv. 1, 6, 8; Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18; Quint. 3, 5, 7 sq.
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{{esel
{{esel
|sltx=[[αἰτιότης]], [[γεννήτρια]], [[αἰτία]], [[ἔκκαυμα]], [[ἀφορμή]], [[αἴτιος]]
|sltx=[[αἰτιότης]], [[γεννήτρια]], [[αἰτία]], [[ἔκκαυμα]], [[ἀφορμή]], [[αἴτιον]]
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{{LaZh
{{LaZh
|lnztxt=causa, ae. f. :: 緣故。原。黨。官司。機會。 事。推之故。Accipere causam 准推之辦。Causam dicere 訴寃。Causam defendere ''vel'' orare 訴寃。保官司。 Causa cadere 輸官司。 Indormire causa 恨事情。 Indicta causa condemnare 不許訢寃而斷之。Omnis familiae causa consistit tibi 全家盡靠汝顧。Mei causa 我之緣故。— capitis 干命之訟。Ejus causa melior est 其事更近理。
|lnztxt=causa, ae. f. :: 緣故。原。黨。官司。機會。 事。推之故。Accipere causam 准推之辦。Causam dicere 訴寃。Causam defendere ''vel'' orare 訴寃。保官司。 Causa cadere 輸官司。 Indormire causa 恨事情。 Indicta causa condemnare 不許訢寃而斷之。Omnis familiae causa consistit tibi 全家盡靠汝顧。Mei causa 我之緣故。— capitis 干命之訟。Ejus causa melior est 其事更近理。
}}
{{trml
|trtx====[[cause]]===
Afrikaans: oorsaak; Arabic: سَبَب; Egyptian Arabic: سبب; South Levantine Arabic: سبب; Armenian: պատճառ; Azerbaijani: səbəb, bais; Bashkir: сәбәп; Basque: kausa; Belarusian: прычына; Bengali: কারণ; Bulgarian: причина, повод; Catalan: causa; Cebuano: kawsa; Chinese Mandarin: [[原因]]; Czech: příčina, důvod; Danish: årsag; Dutch: [[oorzaak]], [[reden]], [[aanleiding]]; Esperanto: kaŭzo; Estonian: alus, ajend, põhjus; Etruscan: 𐌂𐌀𐌅𐌔𐌀; Finnish: syy, juuri, lähde; French: [[cause]], [[raison]]; Galician: causa; Georgian: მიზეზი, საფუძველი; German: [[Ursache]], [[Anlass]], [[Grund]]; Greek: [[αιτία]], [[λόγος]]; Ancient Greek: [[αἰτία]]; Haitian Creole: lakòz; Hebrew: סיבה \ סִבָּה; Hindi: कारण; Hungarian: ok; Icelandic: orsök; Indonesian: kausa, penyebab; Irish: réasún, siocair; Old Irish: accuis; Italian: [[causa]]; Japanese: 原因; Khmer: ហេតុ; Kilivila: uula; Korean: 원인; Kyrgyz: шылтоо; Latin: [[causa]], [[ratio]]; Latvian: iemesls, cēlonis; Lithuanian: priežastis, pagrindas; Luxembourgish: Ursaach; Macedonian: причина; Malay: sebab, pasal; Maori: whakataenga; Norwegian: årsak, grunn; Occitan: causa; Old English: intinga; Persian: سبب; Polish: przyczyna; Portuguese: [[causa]]; Romanian: cauză; Russian: [[причина]], [[основание]]; Sanskrit: हेतु; Scottish Gaelic: adhbhar; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: разлог, у̀зрок; Roman: rázlog, ùzrok; Sicilian: causanza; Slovak: príčina; Slovene: vzrok, razlog; Spanish: [[causa]]; Swedish: orsak, grund; Tagalog: kawsa; Tajik: сабаб; Thai: สาเหตุ; Turkish: sebep, neden; Ukrainian: причина; Urdu: وجہ, سبب, باعث; Uyghur: سەۋەپ, خۇسۇس; Uzbek: sabab; Vietnamese: nguyên nhân; Welsh: achos; West Frisian: oarsaak; Zazaki: sebeb; Zulu: umsuka
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Revision as of 06:36, 6 October 2024

Latin > English

causa PREP GEN :: for sake/purpose of (preceded by GEN.), on account of, with a view to
causa causa causae N F :: thing(s); [sine causa => in vain (Vulgate)]
causa causa causae N F :: cause/reason/motive; origin, source, derivation; responsibility/blame; symptom
causa causa causae N F :: occasion, subject; plea, position; lawsuit, case, trial; proviso/stipulation

Latin > English (Lewis & Short)

causa: (by Cicero, and also a little after him, caussa, Quint. 1, 7, 20; so Fast. Praenest. pp. 321, 322; Inscr. Orell. 3681; 4077; 4698 al.; in Mon. Ancyr. 3, 1 dub.), ae, f. perh. root cav- of caveo, prop. that which is defended or protected; cf. cura,
I that by, on account of, or through which any thing takes place or is done; a cause, reason, motive, inducement; also, in gen., an occasion, opportunity (opp. effectis, Quint. 6, 3, 66; 7, 3, 29: factis, id. 4, 2, 52; 12, 1, 36 al.; very freq. in all periods, and in all kinds of discourse. In its different meanings syn. with ratio, principium, fons, origo, caput; excusatio, defensio; judicium, controversia, lis; partes, actio; condicio, negotium, commodum, al.).
I In gen.: causa ea est, quae id efficit, cujus est causa; ut vulnus mortis; cruditas morbi; ignis ardoris. Itaque non sic causa intellegi debet, ut quod cuique antecedat, id ei causa sit, sed quod cuique efficienter antecedat, Cic. Fat. 15, 34: justa et magna et perspicua, id. Rosc. Am. 14, 40: id. Phil. 2, 22, 53; id. Att. 16, 7, 6: sontica causa, v. sonticus.—Followed by a particle of cause: causa, quamobrem, etc., Ter. And. 5, 1, 18; id. Eun. 1, 2, 65; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 95; id. Hec. 3, 3, 22; 3, 5, 2; 4, 4, 73; Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44: causa, quare, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 20, 60: causa, cur, etc., id. Ac. 1, 3, 10; Quint. 11, 3, 16; 2, 3, 11; Hor. C. 1, 16, 19 al.: causa quod, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109; id. Phil. 6, 1, 1; Quint. 2, 1, 1; 5, 10, 30 al.: ut, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 7; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 6; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4 al.: haud causa quin, etc., Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4: quae causa est quin, id. Capt. 2, 2, 103: quid causae est quin, Ter. And. 3, 4, 21; Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; Hor. S. 1, 1, 20: nulla causa est quin, Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 1: causa quominus, Sall. C. 51, 41; Liv. 34, 56, 9: causa ne, id. 34, 39, 9: nihil causae est cur non, etc., Quint. 11, 3, 59: causae propter quas, etc., id. 4, 2, 12; 5, 7, 24; 8, 6, 23.—With gen. obj.: is, qui causa mortis fuit, Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 7; Liv. 21, 21, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 18; 7, 4, 42: salutis, Lucr. 3, 349: morbi, id. 3, 502; Verg. G. 4, 397; Hor. C. 2, 2, 14: nos causa belli sumus, Liv. 1, 13, 3: causa mortis fuistis, Quint. 7, 3, 32; Sen. Ira, 2, 27, 3: explicandae philosophiae, Cic. Div. 2, 2, 6: nec vero umquam bellorum civilium semen et causa deerit, id. Off. 2, 8, 29; so, belli, Sall. C. 2, 2; Verg. A. 7, 553; Hor. C. 2, 1, 2; id. S. 1, 3, 108; id. Ep. 1, 2, 9: felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, Verg. G. 2, 490: vera objurgandi causa, Ter. And. 1, 1, 131; cf. with ad: causa ad objurgandum, id. ib. 1, 1, 123; id. Hec. 4, 4, 71; and poet. with inf.: consurgere in arma, Verg. A. 10, 90: perire, Tib. 3, 2, 30: gestare carinas, Luc. 5, 464.— With prepp.: cum causā, with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4: sine causā, without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. Fat. 9, 18; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; id. Att. 13, 22, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 35; 1, 12, 9: his de causis, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6: id nisi gravi de causā non fecisset, id. ib. 7, 7, 3: justis de causis, id. Fam. 5, 20, 2: quā de causā, id. Off. 1, 41, 147; id. Ac. 1, 12, 43; Caes. B. G. 1, 1: quibus de causis, Quint. 4, 2, 15; less freq. in ante-Aug. prose: quā ex causa, Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13; id. Mur. 17, 36; but very freq. in Quint., Sen., and the younger Plin.; so, nullā aliā ex causā, Sen. Ep. 29, 1: multis ex causis, Quint. 5, 12, 3: quibus ex causis, id. 4, 2, 15; Plin. Ep. 6, 6, 8: ex plurimis causis, id. ib. 1, 3, 6: ex his (causis), id. ib. 5, 8, 6:—ob eam causam scribo, ut, etc., Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 4: illa festinatio fuit ob illam causam, ne, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 99; Nep. Milt. 6, 2: ob eam causam, quia, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51: ob eas causas, Caes. B. G. 1, 10: ob eam ipsam causam, Cic. Brut. 7, 29: quam ob causam, Nep. Paus. 2, 6: propter eam quam dixi causam, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110: causae propter quas, Quint. 4, 2, 12.—In causā esse, to be the cause of, responsible for, etc. (rare): in causā haec sunt, Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1: vim morbi in causā esse, quo serius perficeretur, Liv. 40, 26, 5: verecundiam multis in causā fuisse, ut, etc., Quint. 12, 5, 2; Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 3; 7, 5, 1; Plin. 9, 30, 49, § 94; cf.: tarditatis causa in senatu fuit, Liv. 4, 58, 4.—
   b Causā, in abl. with gen. or possess. adj. (usu. put after the noun), as patris causā, meā causā, on account of, for the sake of (in the best prose, almost always referring to the future, and implying a purpose; cf. propter with acc. of the pre-existing cause or motive): honoris tui causā huc ad te venimus, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 25; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 2 al.: animi causa, v. animus, II., etc.: exempli causā, v. exemplum: causā meā, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47; id. Poen. 1, 2, 160; id. Am. 1, 3, 42 al.; Ter. Heaut. prol. 41; 5, 5, 23 al.; causā meāpte, id. ib. 4, 3, 8: nostra causa, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 14; Cic. Ac. 2, 38, 120; Quint. 7, 4, 9: vestrā magis hoc causā volebam quam meā, Cic. de Or. 1, 35. 162: aliena potius causa quam sua, Quint. 3, 7, 16.—Put before the noun: rastros capsit causă potiendi agri, Enn. Ann. 324 Vahl.: quidquid hujus feci, causā virginis Feci, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 122; so Liv. 26, 32, 6; 31, 12, 4; 39, 14, 8; 40, 41 fin.; 40, 44, 10.—Rarely with propter in the same sense: vestrarum sedum templorumque causā, propter salutem meorum civium, Cic. Sest. 20, 45.—With gen. of pers. or reflex. pron. instead of possess. very rare (v. Lahmeyer ad Cic. Lael. 16, 57): quod illi semper sui causā fecerant, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 52, § 121.
II Esp.
   A = justa causa, good reason, just cause, full right: cum causā accedere ad accusandum, with good reason, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 8, § 21; so, cum causā, id. de Or. 2, 60, 247; Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 4; 3, 16, 7; and the contrary: sine causā, without good reason, Cic. Div. 2, 28, 61; id. de Or. 2, 60, 246; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; Nep. Alcib. 6, 2 al.—
   B An apology, excuse, Cato, R. R. 2, 2; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 42; Cic. Fam. 16, 19 fin.; Verg. A. 9, 219 al.—
   C Causam alicui dare alicujus rei, occasion: qui (Nebatius) mihi dedit causam harum litterarum, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 8; for which poët.: Bacchus et ad culpam causas dedit, Verg. G. 2, 455 Forbig. ad loc.—
   D A feigned cause, a pretext, pretence, = praetextus, πρόφασις: habere causam, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 44: fingere falsas causas, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71; id. And. 1, 3, 8 Ruhnk.; 4, 1, 18; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 4: fingit causas ne det, id. Eun. 1, 2, 58; cf. Tib. 1, 6, 11: morae facere, to pretend reasons for the delay, Sall. J. 36, 2: inferre causam, Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 2: causam interponere, Nep. Them. 7, 1; cf. id. Milt. 4, 1: bellandi, id. Ham. 3, 1: belli, Tac. A. 12, 45: jurgii, Phaedr. 1, 1, 4 al. (On the other hand, causa, a true cause, is opp. to praetextus, a pretext, Suet. Caes. 30.)—So freq. per causam, under the pretext, Caes. B. C. 3, 24; 3, 76; 3, 87; Liv. 2, 32, 1 Drak.; 22, 61, 8; Suet. Caes. 2; id. Oth. 3; id. Vesp. 1; Tib. 1, 6, 26; Ov. H. 20, 140; id. Tr. 2, 452.—
   E In judic. lang. t. t., a cause, judicial process, lawsuit: privatae, Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4: publicae, id. de Or. 3, 20, 74; id. Rosc. Am. 21, 59: capitis aut famae, id. Fam. 9, 21, 1: causam agere, id. de Or. 2, 48, 199; Quint. 6, 1, 54; 7, 2, 55; 10, 7, 30; 11, 1, 67 et saep.: constituere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1: perorare, id. Quint. 24, 77: defendere, Quint. 3, 6, 9; 12, 1, 24; 12, 1, 37; Suet. Caes. 49: exponere, Quint. 2, 5, 7: perdere, Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 10: obtinere, id. Fam. 1, 4, 1: tenere (= obticere), Ov. M. 13, 190: causā cadere, v. cado, II.: causam dicere, to defend one's self, or to make a defence (as an advocate), Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 12 and 13; 21, 54; id. Sest. 8, 18; id. Quint. 8, 31; Liv. 29, 19, 5; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 8, 2, 24; Suet. Caes. 30 et saep.—Poet.: causa prior, the first part of the process, i. e. the trial, Ov. M. 15, 37.—Hence,
   2    Out of the sphere of judicial proceedings, the party, faction, cause that one defends: ne condemnare causam illam, quam secutus esset, videretur, etc., Cic. Lig. 9, 27 sq.: suarum partium causa, Quint. 3, 8, 57: causa Caesaris melior, id. 5, 11, 42; Tac. A. 1, 36 al. —Hence,
   b Meton.
   (a)    A relation of friendship, connection: quīcum tibi adfininitas, societas, omnes denique causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant, Cic. Quint. 15, 48: explicare breviter, quae mihi sit ratio et causa cum Caesare, id. Prov. Cons. 17, 40; id. Fam. 13, 19, 1.—
   (b)    In gen., = condicio, a condition, state, situation, relation, position: ut nonnumquam mortem sibi ipse consciscere aliquis debeat, alius in eādem causā non debeat: num enim aliā in causā M. Cato fuit, alia ceteri, qui se in Africā Caesari tradiderunt? Cic. Off. 1, 31, 112; so Caes. B. G. 4, 4 Herz.: (Regulus) erat in meliore causā quam, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 3, 2, 9 (where for causa in the foll. clause is condicio): atque in hoc genere mea causa est, ut, etc., id. Fam. 2, 4, 1; cf. id. ib. 9, 13, 1.—
   (g)    = negotium, a cause, business undertaken for any one, an employment: cui senatus dederat publice causam, ut mihi gratias ageret, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 170: quod nemo eorum rediisset, qui super tali causā eodem missi erant, Nep. Paus. 4, 1.—
   F In medic. lang., a cause for disease: causam metuere, Cels. 3, 3; so Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 11 fin.; Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 218.—Hence in late Lat. for disease, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 10, 95; id. Acut. 2, 29, 157; Veg. 1, 25, 1; 3, 6, 11; 3, 45, 5; 4, 4, 2 al.—
That which lies at the basis of a rhetorical representation, matter, subject, ὑπόθεσις, Cic. Top. 21, 79; id. Inv. 1, 6, 8; Auct. Her. 1, 11, 18; Quint. 3, 5, 7 sq.

Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)

causa(caussa), æ, f.,
    I
1 cause [v. une définition Cic. Fato 34 ] : quicquid oritur, qualecumque est, causam habeat a natura necesse est..., si nullam reperies, illud tamen exploratum habeto, nihil fieri potuisse sine causa Cic. Div. 2, 60, tout ce qui naît, quelque forme qu’il affecte, a nécessairement une cause naturelle... ; si tu n’en trouves aucune, tiens néanmoins pour assuré que rien n’aurait pu se produire sans cause ; ut in seminibus est causa arborum et stirpium, sic... Cic. Phil. 2, 55, de même que dans les semences réside la cause qui produit les arbres et les racines, de même...; ejus belli hæc fuit causa Cæs. G. 3, 7, 2, voici quelle fut la cause de cette guerre ; causā morbi inventā Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, la cause de la maladie une fois trouvée, cf. Varro R. 2, 1, 21 ; Cic. Div. 2, 62 ; Lucr. 3, 502 ; 3, 1070 ; Virg. G. 3, 440 ; is mortem attulit, qui causa mortis fuit Cic. Phil. 9, 7, il a été le meurtrier celui qui a été cause de sa mort ; hic dolor populi Romani causa civitati libertatis fuit Cic. Fin. 2, 66, ce ressentiment du peuple romain fut pour la cité la cause de son affranchissement || [poét.] in seminibus fateare necessest esse aliam causam motibus Lucr. 2, 285, il faut reconnaître qu’il y a dans les atomes une autre cause [à] de leurs mouvements ; eam causam multis exitio esse Tac. Ann. 16, 14, (il savait) que cette cause est fatale à beaucoup || [en part.] cause, influence physique : (homo) fluida materia et caduca et omnibus obnoxia causis Sen. Ep. 58, 24, (l’homme) matière sans consistance, caduque, subissant toutes les influences extérieures ; ut in affecto corpore quamvis levis causa magis quam in valido gravior sentiretur, sic Liv. 22, 8, 3, de même que dans un corps éprouvé la moindre atteinte se ressent davantage qu’une plus forte dans un corps robuste, de même ( Liv. 30, 44, 8 ) || raison, motif : justa Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 145, juste raison, raison légitime ; causam rei proferre Cic. Amer. 72, produire les raisons d’une chose ; causa mittendi fuit quod... volebat Cæs. G. 3, 1, 2, le motif de cet envoi fut qu’il voulait...; prætermittendæ defensionis plures solent esse causæ Cic. Off. 1, 28, les raisons de négliger la défense d’autrui sont d’ordinaire plus nombreuses ; nec erit justior in senatum non veniendi morbi causa quam mortis Cic. Phil. 1, 28, pour ne pas venir au sénat la maladie ne sera pas un motif plus légitime que la mort ; mihi dedit causam harum litterarum Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 8, il m’a fourni la raison (l’occasion) d’écrire cette lettre ; si quis ab ineunte ætate habet causam celebritatis Cic. Off. 2, 44, si qqn dès sa jeunesse a des raisons d’avoir un nom répandu ; aliud esse causæ suspicamur Cic. Fl. 39, nous soupçonnons qu’il y a un autre motif ; iste hoc causæ dicit, quod [subj.] Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 106, lui, il déclare que la raison est que... || qua causa ? Pl. Bacch. 249 ; Mil. 83, etc., pour quelle raison ? ea causa Pl. Aul. 464 ; Ter. Hec. 190, etc.; Sall. C. 52, 7, pour cette raison hac causa Cic. Rep. 1, 41 ] ; aliis atque aliis causis Liv. 7, 39, 7, pour un motif ou pour un autre || [avec de ] eadem de causa Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 160 ; Cæs. G. 2, 7, 2 ; isdem de causis Cic. Off. 1, 89 ; qua de causa Cic. Or. 191, etc.; Cæs. G. 1, 1, 4, etc. ; quibus de causis Cic. de Or. 1, 16, etc. ; Cæs. C. 2, 30, 1 ; quacumque de causa Cæs. G. 6, 23, 9, pour la même raison, les mêmes raisons, pour cette raison, ces raisons, pour n’importe quelle raison ; omnibus de causis existimare... Cæs. G. 3, 7, 1, avoir toute raison de croire que...; certa de causa Cic. Cat. 1, 5, pour une raison précise (certis de causis Cic. de Or. 1, 186 ) ; justissimis de causis Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, pour les motifs les plus légitimes ; leviore de causa Cæs. G. 7, 4, 10, pour un motif moins grave || [avec ex ] qua ex causa Cic. Mur. 26 ; Rep. 2, 13 ; ex aliis causis Cic. de Or. 2, 335 ; [avec ob ] ob eam causam Cic. Font. 2, etc. ; Cæs. G. 1, 17, 6, etc. ; ob eas causas Cic. Phil. 5, 46, etc. ; ob eam ipsam causam quod Cic. Fin. 2, 22, Nat. 2, 17, précisément pour la raison que...; ob eam unam causam quia Cic. Fin. 2, 45, pour la seule raison que ; ob eamdem causam Cic. Domo 101, etc. ; aliam ob causam Cic. de Or. 2, 60, etc. ; nec ob aliam causam ullam... nisi quod... Cic. Læl. 74, et le seul motif pour lequel... c’est que... ; quam ob causam Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 64 ; Phil. 5, 40, etc.; Cæs. C. 3, 88, 5 ; ob hanc causam Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 118 ; Cæl. 39, etc. ; ob has causas Cic. Sest. 46 ; Cæs. G. 4, 24, 2 ; [avec per ] Varr. d. Prob. Verg. 6, 31 ; Ov. H. 18, 214 ; Petr. 123, 1, 217 || [avec propter ] Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 110 ; 4, 113 ; 5, 71 ; Prov. 2 ; de Or. 1, 72 ; Br. 100, etc. ; propter hanc causam quod Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 131 ; 3, 109, pour cette raison que... || [avec ab ] : a duobus causis punire princeps solet Sen. Clem. 1, 20, 1, il y a deux raisons qui inspirent d’ordinaire les sanctions du prince || cum causa Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21 ; Cæl. 68, avec raison ; cum justissima causa Cic. Att. 7, 1, 5, avec une raison très légitime, très légitimement || non sine causa Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, etc., non sans raison || multæ sunt causæ, quamobrem cupiam... Ter. Eun. 145, il y a bien des raisons pour que je désire...; non est ista causa quam dicis, quamobrem velis Cic. Br. 231, ce n’est pas la raison que tu allègues qui fait que tu veux... ; satis habere causæ, quamobrem Cic. Fin. 3, 51, comporter des raisons suffisantes pour que || [avec cur ] : non justa causa, cur... Cic. Tusc. 1, 65, ce n’est pas une raison légitime pour que ; quid est causæ, cur Cic. Fl. 5, etc., quel motif y a-t-il pour que ; causa, cur mentiretur, non erat Cic. Quinct. 18, il n’avait aucun motif de mentir ; en causa, cur Cic. Dej. 17, voilà le motif pour lequel... || [avec quare ] Cic. Sest. 52 ; Cæs. G. 1, 19, 1 || [avec ut ] : an vero non justa causast ut vos servem sedulo ? Pl. Capt. 257, n’ai-je pas une juste raison de vous faire garder attentivement ? ea est causa ut... Liv. 5, 55, 5, c’est là raison pour laquelle...; verecundiam multis in causa fuisse, ut Quint. 12, 5, 2, la timidité a été pour beaucoup la cause que...; vim morbi in causa esse, quo serius conficeretur (dilectus) Liv. 40, 26, 5, la violence de l’épidémie était cause du retard apporté dans l’enrôlement || eā causā, ut = idcirco, ideo ut, pour que, afin que : Pl. Men. 893 ; Ps. 55 ; St. 312 ; Ter. Hec. 235 || [ne pas confondre ut conséc. ( Cæs. C. 3, 47, 2 ; Cic. Fin. 5, 29 ) avec ut final et ne ( Cic. Fin. 3, 8 ; Font. 36, etc. )] || avec prop. inf. [poét.] : quæ causa fuit consurgere in arma Europamque Asiamque Virg. En. 10, 90, quelle raison a fait que l’Europe et l’Asie se dressent pour courir aux armes || [expressions] nihil causæ quin Cic. Quinct. 32, pas de raison pour empêcher que ; num quid est causæ quin Cic. Tusc. 1, 78, y a-t-il une raison pour empêcher que... (quominus Cic. Inv. 2, 132 ; Sall. C. 51, 41 ; Liv. 34, 56, 9)
2 motif allégué, raison invoquée, excuse, prétexte : ad populum Romanum confugient ? facilis est populi causa ; legem se sociorum causa jussisse dicet Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 126, ils auront recours au peuple romain ? la défense du peuple est facile ; il dira qu’il a porté une loi en faveur des alliés ; hanc causam habere ad injuriam Cic. Off. 3, 31, avoir ce prétexte pour commettre l’injustice ; hanc bellandi causam inferebat, quod Cic. Rep. 3, 15, il alléguait, comme prétexte de faire la guerre, que... (Romulus) muri causam opposuit Cic. Off. 3, 41, (Romulus) mit en avant pour s’excuser l’incident du mur [franchi par Rémus]; ne qua esset armorum causa Cæs. C. 1, 2, 3, pour ôter tout prétexte de guerre ; per causam equitatus cogendi Cæs. G. 7, 9, 1, sous prétexte de rassembler de la cavalerie, cf. C. 3, 24, 1 ; 3, 76, 1 ; 3, 87, 4 ; per causam inopum Cic. Domo 13, sous prétexte de défendre les pauvres, cf. Liv. 2, 32, 1 ; 22, 61, 8 ; 24, 7, 4 || bonne raison, bonne occasion : causam moriendi nactus est Cato Cic. Tusc. 1, 74, Caton trouva une bonne occasion de mourir, cf. Pomp. 3 ; Phil. 7, 6 ; Att. 15, 14, 1 ; Cæs. C. 2, 28, 2 || causā [prép., placée après son régime au gén.] à cause de, en vue de : honoris causa, pour honorer, par honneur : vestra reique publicæ causa Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 173, dans votre intérêt comme dans l’intérêt général || [rarement avant gén.] Enn. Ann. 319 ; Ter. Eun. 202 ; Cic. Læl. 59 ; Liv. 40, 41, 11 || [qqf. = propter ] Cæs. G. 6, 40, 7 ; C. 1, 33, 1 ; Cic. Leg. 2, 58 ; de Or. 3, 58.
    II affaire où sont en cause des intérêts
1 [en part.] affaire judiciaire, procès, cause : genera causarum Cic. Part. 70, genres de causes ; magistratus aliqui reperiebatur apud quem Alfeni causa consisteret Cic. Quinct. 71, on trouvait quelque magistrat, devant qui la cause d’Alfénus fût évoquée ; ex quo verbo lege Appuleia tota illa causa pendebat Cic. de Or. 2, 107, c’est sur l’application de ce mot [lèse-majesté] que, en vertu de la loi Appuléia, toute cette affaire roulait ; causam accipere Cic. de Or. 2, 114 ; aggredi Cic. Fin. 4, 1 ; amplecti Cic. Sest. 93 ; attingere Cic. Mur. 3 ; defendere Cic. Mur. 7, se charger d’une cause, la prendre en mains, la défendre ; causam agere, dicere, v. ces verbes ; causam amittere Cic. de Or. 2, 100, perdre un procès (en laisser échapper le succès); causam perdere Cic. Com. 10, perdre un procès (en causer l’insuccès); causa cadere Cic. de Or. 1, 167, perdre son procès ; in optima causa mea Cic. de Or. 3, 19, alors que j’avais une cause très bonne (très forte); causas capitis aut famæ ornatius (agimus) Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1, nous traitons les causes qui intéressent la vie ou la réputation avec plus d’ornement || cause, objet du procès : ut aliquando ad causam crimenque veniamus Cic. Mil. 23, pour en venir enfin à l’objet du procès et au chef d’accusation, cf. Planc. 17 || [en gén.] objet de discussion, thème, v. Cic. Top. 79 ; 80 ; Quint. 3, 5, 7
2 [en gén.] cause, affaire, question : qui et causam et hominem probant Cæs. G. 6, 23, 7, ceux qui donnent leur assentiment à la fois à l’affaire et à l’homme ; cui senatus dederat publicam causam, ut mihi gratias ageret Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 170, à qui leur sénat avait confié la mission officielle de me remercier ; hæc causa Cic. Cat. 4, 15, cette affaire ; causa quæ sit, videtis Cic. Pomp. 6, vous voyez quel est l’état de la question ; de mea causa omnes di atque homines judicarunt Cic. Domo 44, sur mon affaire, tous les dieux et les hommes ont prononcé ; Tyndaritanorum causa Cic. Att. 15, 2, 4, l’affaire des Tyndaritains ; in causa hæc sunt Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1, dans l’affaire en question voici où en sont les choses ; de Scipionis causa Liv. 29, 20, 1, sur le point concernant Scipion || cas, situation, position : dissimilis est militum causa et tua Cic. Phil. 2, 59, le cas des soldats est tout différent du tien ; in eadem causa esse Cic. Off. 1, 112, être dans le même cas, cf. Cæs. G. 4, 4, 1 ; Cic. Sest. 87 ; Marc. 2, etc. ; eadem nostra causa est Cic. de Or. 2, 364, ma situation est la même [je puis en dire autant]; ad me causam rei publicæ periculaque rerum suarum detulerunt Cic. Pomp. 4, ils m’ont rapporté l’état de la chose publique et les dangers de leurs propres affaires ; soluta prædia meliore in causa sunt quam obligata Cic. Agr. 3, 9, les terres affranchies de charges jouissent d’une condition plus favorable que celles qui en sont grevées ; mei consilii negotiique totius suscepti causam rationemque proposui Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 140, j’exposai l’état et l’économie de mes projets ainsi que de toute l’affaire entreprise || situation (rapports) entre personnes, liaison : causa necessitudinis intercedit alicui cum aliquo Cic. Cæcil. 6, des rapports (des liens) d’intimité existent entre une personne et une autre, cf. Sulla 23 ; Fam. 13, 49, 1 ; Cæs. G. 1, 43, 6 ; causam amicitiæ habere cum aliquo Cæs. G. 5, 41, 1, avoir des relations d’amitié avec qqn ( Cic. Fam. 13, 46 ) || quicum tibi omnes causæ et necessitudines veteres intercedebant Cic. Quinct. 48, avec lequel tu avais de longue date tous les rapports et toute l’intimité possibles, cf. Fam. 10, 10, 2 ; 13, 4, 1 ; 13, 29, 1, etc. || cause, parti : causa nobilitatis Cic. Amer. 135, la cause de la noblesse ; causam rei publicæ legumque suscipere Cic. Cæcil. 9, prendre en mains la cause de la chose publique et des lois ; cur causam populi Romani deseruisti ac prodidisti ? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 84, pourquoi as-tu déserté et trahi la cause du peuple romain ? Sullæ causa Cic. Phil. 5, 43, le parti de Sylla ; causam solum illa causa non habet Cic. Att. 7, 3, 5, il n’y a qu’une cause qui manque à cette cause, il ne manque à ce parti qu’une (raison justificative) bonne cause ; causæ popularis aliquid attingere Cic. Br. 160, soutenir un peu la cause démocratique || [t. médec.] cas, maladie : utilissimum est ad omnes causas... Plin. 28, 218, il est souverain pour tous les cas de... ; origo causæ Cels. Med. 1, proœm., l’origine du cas [de la maladie], cf. Sen. Ira 3, 10, 3.

Latin > German (Georges)

causa (von Cicero u. nach ihm noch von Vergil u. auch in Inschr. caussa geschr., s. Quint. 1, 7, 20; vgl. Osann Cic. de rep. 1, 6. p. 20), ae, f. (v. cūdo), der Fall, I) der veranlassende, die Veranlassung, der Anlaß, der Grund (Beweggrund), der Umstand, die Ursache, Quelle, Schuld von etw. (Ggstz. effecta u. facta, n. pl.; vgl. Cic. de fat. 34 die Definition von causa), a) übh.: causa parva, Ter., parvula, Caes.: magna, Cic., maior, Liv.: c. levis, gravis, Cic.: c. evidens (Ggstz. c. abdita od. obscura od. in obscuro posita), Cels.: c. perspicua (Ggstz. obscura), Cic.: c. externa, Cic.: c. iusta, iustior, Cic.: c. vera, Ter.: c. probabilis, Cic. – cum causa, mit (triftigem, stichhaltigem) Grund, Ggstz. sine causa, Cic.: non sine causa fieri, Cels. – qua de causa, Cic.: quibus de causis, Quint.: his de causis, Cic.: quacunque de causa, Cels.: aliquibus de causis, Cels.: gravi de causa, Cic.: iustis de causis, Cic. – qua ex causa, Cic.: quibus ex causis, Quint., od. ex quibus causis, Plin. ep.: u. ex hac causa, ex his causis, Cels. – ex alia causa, Cels.: nulla alia ex causa, Sen.: multis ex causis, ex pluribus causis, Quint.: obscura aliqua ex causa, Cic. – ob eam causam, Cic.: ob eas causas, Caes.: u. ob eandem causam, Liv.: ob quam causam u. quam ob causam, quas ob causas, Liv.: ob aliam causam, non ob aliam causam, Liv.: ob nullam aliam causam, nullam aliam ob causam, nullam ob aliam causam, Liv. (s. über die Verbindung mit ob übh. Fabri Liv. 24, 8, 5). – propter eam quam dixi causam, Cic. – mit Ang. wessen? wozu? durch Genet., selten (nicht bei Cic.) durch den Infin., od. durch ad mit Akk., c. adventus, Nep.: c. belli, Cic. u.a. (auch v. Pers., s. Fabri Liv. 21, 21, 2): c. criminis, Cic.: c. mortis, v. Pers., Cic., v. einem Umstande, Liv.: parvulae causae vel falsae suscipionis vel terroris repentini, kl. U., die in f. V. od. pl. Schr. liegen, Caes.: quae tot scelerum suscipiendorum causa? Cic.: durch Infin., quae causa fuit consurgere in arma, Verg.: dolor huic et cura Neaerae coniugis ereptae causa perire fuit, Tibull.: durch ad mit Akk., satis vehemens causa ad obiurgandum, Ter. – m. weiterer Ang. weshalb? warum? causae, propter quas, Quint.: ob eam causam, quia speciem habet admirabilem, Thaumante dicitur esse natus, Cic.: cur causa Zenoni non fuerit, quamobrem etc., Cic.: multae causae sunt, quam ob rem etc., Ter. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 382): causam Ulixi fuisse, quare interfecerit Aiacem, Cornif. rhet.: quidnam esse causae, cur etc., Cic.: quae causa sit, cur etc., Cic.: cuius rei cum causam quaererem quidnam esset cur in quoquo oratore plurimum esset, ita maxime is pertimesceret, has causas inveniebam duas, Cic. – m. weiterer Ang. des Grundes, weil, daß od. daß nicht usw. durch quod, quo (= ut eo) ut, ne, quin, quominus (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 51, 41. Weißenb. Liv. 5, 55, 5 u. 40, 26, 5), zB. propter hanc causam, quod etc., Cic.: ob eam causam, ut od. ne etc., Cic.: neque ob eam causam, quo facilius consequerer, Cic.: ea est causa, ut veteres cloacae nunc privata passim subeant tecta, Liv.: huius epistulae non solum ea causa est, ut ne quis a me dies intermittatur, quin etc.... sed etiam haec iustior, ut a te impetrarem, ut etc., Cic.: num quid est causae, quin amicos nostros Stoicos dimittamus? Cic.: quibus aut emerita stipendia aut morbus causae essent, quominus militarent, Liv.: eis causis, quominus dimicare vellet, movebatur, Caes. – Redensarten: in causa esse, U., Sch. sein (vgl. no. II, a am A.), zB. in causa haec sunt, Cic. ep. 1, 1. § 1: in causa (est) amor primum, deinde quod (weil usw.) etc., Plin. ep. 7, 5, 1: vim morbi in causa esse, quo serius perficeretur, Liv. 40, 26, 5: u. esse alci in causa, ut etc., Quint. 12, 5, 2. – afferre causam, causam consilii sui, den Grund angeben von usw., Cic.: afferre causam explicandae philosophiae, Veranlassung geben zu usw., Cic.: alci inferre causam belli, iurgii, gegen jmd. einen Grund zum Kr., zum Streite geltend machen, suchen (vgl. no. II a. E.), Cic. de imp. Pomp. 65. Phaedr. 1, 1, 4: alci causam alcis rei dare, Veranlassung geben zu etw. (zB. harum litterarum), Cic.: esse causam alcis rei (v. Pers.u. Lebl.), Cic. u.a. (auch von mehreren, zB. dicuntur causa mortis fuisse, Quint.: nos causa belli sumus, Liv.): causae esse, Caes., alci causae esse, Liv.: nancisci causam alcis rei, Cic.: quaerere causam eius rei u. novi consilii, nach der U. fragen, Cic. u. Liv. (vgl. quaerit causae quid sit tam repentini consilii, Nep.). – habere multas et graves causas corrumpendi iudicii, Cic.: nec umquam bellorum civilium semen et causa deerit, Cic.: causam alcis rei sustinere, von etw. die Schuld tragen, Cic. – b) der entschuldigende Grund, der Entschuldigungsgrund, die Entschuldigung, die Ausrede, der Einwand, tibi causa est de hac re, Ter.: causam accipere (gelten lassen), Cic. – c) der bemäntelnde, erdichtete Grund, der Vorwand, das Vorgeben (πρόφασις; vgl. Ruhnk. Ter. Andr. 1, 3, 8), causas fingere, Ov.: causam invenire, Ter.: causam interponens (als Vorwand angebend, unter dem Vorwand) se collegas exspectare, Nep.: u. ebenso causam interserens te hostem esse Atheniensibus, Nep. – mit Ang. wessen? durch Genet., muri causam opponere, Cic.: bes. per causam m. Genet. = unter dem Vorwande einer Sache (griech. κατά πρόφασιν), zB. per causam supplementi equitatusque cogendi, Caes.: per causam renovati ab Aequis belli, Liv. (s. Drak. Liv. 2, 32, 1. Broukh. Tibull. 1, 6 [7], 26). – mit Ang. wozu? durch Genet. od. ad m. Akk., causas novarum postulationum quaerere, Cic.: causam bellandi reperire, Nep.: causam habere ad iniuriam, Cic. – m. weiterer Ang. weshalb? iam diu aliquam causam quaerere, quamobrem etc., Ter. – m. weiterer Ang. daß od. daß nicht, fingere causam peracutam, ut etc., Cic.: fingere causas, ut etc., Tibull.: fingere causas, ne etc., Ter. – d) der eingewendete Grund, die Einwendung, der Einwand, causam hau dico, ich mache keinen Einw., Plaut.: nullam od. non causam dico, quin etc., ich habe nichts einzuwenden, daß usw., Plaut. u. Ter.: num quid causae est od. num quae causa est, quin etc., Plaut.: neu causa ulla restet relicua, quin etc., Ter.: causae nihil dicimus, quin etc., Cic. Quinct. 57. Vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. 350. Lorenz Einl. zu Plaut. Pseud. S. 9. Anm. 9. – e) als mediz. t. t., der Krankheitsanlaß, Krankheitszustand (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 8, 3), causa levis (Ggstz. causa gravior), Liv.: causa tenuissima, Cic.: causae externae, Liv.: tantum causam metuere, Cels.: afferre valetudinis causas, Quint. – dah. bei Spät. = Krankheit, Cael. Aur., Veget. u.a. – f) Abl. causā m. Genet. od. Pronom. possess., aus Ursache, auf Veranlassung, in Rücksicht auf, im Interesse eines Ggstds., um... willen, wegen, halber, auch zu, α) m. Genet., gew. dem Genet. nachgestellt, selten (des Gegensatzes, Nachdrucks wegen) ihm vorangesetzt, fili causā, Plaut.: tempestatis causā, auf V. des Wetters, durch das W., Cic.: temporis causā, der Zeit u. Umstände wegen, im Drange des Augenblicks, Cic.: rei publicae causā, Cic.: ioci causā, Cic.: delectationis causā, Cels.: animi causā, s. animus no. II, A, 2, d: auxilii causā, Caes.: contumeliae causā (Ggstz. honoris causā), Cic.: mortis causā patris sui, Liv.: honoris causā, s. honōs: fidei causā, Sall.: exempli causā, Cic.: verbi causā, Cic.: liberorum quaerendorum causā, Plaut. u. Suet.: liberûm quaesundûm causā, Enn. fr.: voluptatum adipiscendarum causā, Cic.: dissimulandi causā, Sall.: u. alcis causā cupere, velle, velle omnia, debere omnia, Cic. – vor dem Genet., causā virginis, Ter. Eun. 202: causā antiquitatis, Vulcat. Sedig. fr. bei Gell. 15, 24. v. 13: causā amicorum, Cic. de amic. 57: causā ignominiae, Liv. 40, 41, 11 H.: causā ludorum, Liv. 40, 44, 10 H.: causā detrectandi sacramenti, Suet. Aug. 24 R., causā conservandae vocis, Augustin. conf. 6, 3, 3, s. Madvig Emendatt. Liv. p. 474. – zwischen zwei Genet., aedificandi causā theatri, Amm. 29, 6, 11. – β) m. Pronom. poss., meā causā, um meinetwillen, meinetwegen, in meinem Interesse, mir zuliebe, Cic. (auch causā meā des Verses wegen bei den Komik. u. bei Hor. sat. 1, 4, 97): u. so tuā causā, nostrā causā, vestrā causā, Cic.: alienā potius causā quam suā, Quint.
II) der obwaltende, a) die obwaltende Angelegenheit, Sache, der Gegenstand, Punkt, die Sachlage, der Sachverhalt, Alexandrina causa, Cic.: nec praetermittebat fere quicquam, quod esset in causa, was zur Sache gehörte, Cic. Brut. 303 (vgl. oben no. I, a in causa esse): et causam et hominem probare, Caes.: super tali causa eodem missum esse, Nep.: sic egit causam tuam, ut etc., Cic.: cui senatus dederat publicam (al. publice) causam, ut etc., den offiziellen Auftrag, Cic. – im Ggstz. zu Nebenumständen, armis inferiores, non causā fuisse, Cic.: parum precibus, parum causā proficere, Liv. – b) die obwaltende Lage, Stellung, der obwaltende Fall, obwaltende Zustand, suam causam non nosse, alienas facile discere, Cic.: num alia in causa M. Cato fuit, aliā ceteri qui etc., Cic.: (Regulus) erat in meliore causa, Cic.: in eadem causa erant Usipetes et Tenchteri, Caes.: (praedia) soluta meliore causā sunt quam obligata, Cic. – c) das obwaltende freundschaftliche Verhältnis, die freundschaftliche Beziehung zu jmd., das Freundschaftsverhältnis, die Verbindung, quicum tibi affinitas, societas, omnes denique causae et necessitudines veteres intercedebant, Cic.: ad eas causas quibus inter nos amore sumus, officiis, vetustate coniuncti patriae caritas accessit, Cic.: explicare breviter, quae mihi sit ratio et causa cum Caesare, Cic. – d) das Interesse, das man verfolgt, die Sache, Partei, die man verficht (s. die Auslgg. zu Cic. de imp. Pomp. 2): causa senatoria, popularis, Iustin.: populi Romani vera, Cic.: c. Caesaris melior, Quint.: suarum partium c., Quint.: c., quam Pompeius susceperat, Cic.: causam imperii cognoscere, Cic.: causam rei publicae non tenere, Cic. (s. Halm Cic. Sull. 32): u. ad causam publicam accedere, das Interesse des Staates zu vertreten beginnen, Cic.: causam populi agere (Ggstz. causam optimatium agere), Nep.: rem in causam plebis inclinare, Quint.: ea causa, quae est senatui, quae est dis hominibusque gratissima, Cic.: ii, quorum est una causa, Cic.: non omnibus Sullae causa grata, Cic.: utrum militantium
adversarii estis, an causam agitis ? Liv.: omnis familiae causa consistit tibi, das Interesse für usw. (die Sorge für die Unterhaltung der usw.), Plaut. asin. 520. – e) der in Frage stehende od. gestellte Gegenstand, Punkt, α) = ὑπόθεσις die Aufgabe, der Stoff, das Thema, der Streitpunkt (s. Cic. top. 79. Quint. 3, 5, 7), sowohl einer philosophischen Erörterung usw., poscere eorum aliquem qui adsunt causam disserendi, Cic.: quod vero maxime rem causamque continet, Cic. – als einer rednerischen Darstellung, der Fall, verae causae aut forenses, wirkliche Geschäfts-od. Gerichtsfälle, Cic.: causarum, quae sint a communi quaestione seiunctae, partim in iudiciis versari, partim in deliberationibus, Cic. – β) der obwaltende Rechtsfall, die Rechtssache, die Rechtsfrage, die gerichtliche Sache, die Streitfrage, der Prozeß, causa capitis, causa capitis aut famae, Cic.: maiestatis, Tac. – causae forenses, Cic.: causae malae, optimae, Cic.: causae privatae, publicae, Cic.: c. centumviralis, Cic.: c. liberalis, Cic.: c. superior, Ggstz. c. inferior, Cic.: c. parvula, Bagatellsache, Cic.: c. tenuis, Cic.: c. vera (gerechte), Cic.: causa iudicata atque damnata, Cic.: causā indictā, ohne Prozeß, Cic.: causā cognitā (Ggstz. causā
incognitā), Cic. – actio, actor causae, Cic.: causae dictio, Cic.: orationes causarum, Cic. – accedere causae od. ad causam, Cic.: adesse in hac causa, Cic.: adesse tali causae, Quint.: agere causam, s. ago no. II, B, 5, c (S. 270): causam defendere, Cic.: causas defensitare, Cic. – causam dicere = den Prozeß führen (v. gerichtl. Redner) u. = sich verteidigen od. sich verteidigen lassen (v. Angeklagten, Ggstz. accusare), Cic.: causam parricidii dicere (v. gerichtl. Redner), Liv.: coronae subreptae de Capitolio causam dicere (v. Angeklagten), Porphyr.: causam ex vinculis dicere (v. Angeklagten), Caes. u. Liv. – causam discere, sich vortragen lassen (v. Sachwalter), Cic.: causam docere alqm, einem Sachwalter vortragen, Cic.: causam orare, perorare, Cic. – causam alci inferre, Auct. b. Hisp. 1, 4 u. ICt. (versch. v. oben no. I, a). – causam recipere, suscipere, Cic.: causā desistere (v. Kläger), Cic.: causā premi, mit seinem Pr. ins Gedränge kommen, Sen.: in causis iudiciisque versari, Cic. – causam tenere, obtinere, sustinere, den Prozeß gewinnen, Cic.: u. so auch vincere causam suam, Ov. – u. causam perdere, seines Interesses verlustig gehen, den Pr. verlieren, Cic.: causā cadere, infolge eines Formfehlers den Pr. verlieren, Cic., Suet. u. ICt. (s. Piderit Cic. de or. 1, 66. Halm Cic. Mur. 9). – causa labefactatur ad iudicem, Cic. – f) die ganze jurist. Beschaffenheit eines Rechtsobjekts, bes. die damit verbundenen Lasten und Vorteile, tota causa fundi, ICt.: fundus cum sua causa transit, ICt.: dominium cum sua causa transferre, ICt.: bona cum causa, ICt.: dah. oft sine causa, ohne Nutzen od. Vorteil, umsonst, Eccl. (s. Rönsch Itala p. 306). – / Nicht selten steht causa mit einem gewissen Lautspiele in einem Satze in der Bedeutung von no. I u. von no. II nebeneinander, zB. meā causā causam accipite, Ter. heaut. 47: his de causis ego huic causae patronus exstiti, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5 (dazu Halm).

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