aut: Difference between revisions
κοινὴ γὰρ ἡ τύχη καὶ τὸ μέλλον ἀόρατον → fortune is common to all, the future is unknown | fortune is common to all and the future unknown | fate is common to all and the future unknown
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|lnetxt=aut CONJ :: or, or rather/else; either...or (aut...aut) (emphasizing one) | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>aut</b>:<br /><b>I</b> conj. [aut, Osc. auti, Umbr. ote, ute, [[may]] be a [[modification]] of [[autem]], as at of et, the suffix -t [[being]] a [[relic]] of the [[demonstrative]] -tem, [[which]] appears in [[item]], and is the [[same]] as -dem in [[quidem]], and -[[dam]] in [[quondam]], and of [[which]] the [[demonstrative]] adverbs, tam and tum, are [[absolute]] forms; the [[first]] [[part]] of these words [[may]] be compared [[with]] the Gr. αὖ> (cf. [[αὖτε]] and [[αὐτάρ]]), and [[with]] the Sanscr. vā = or, [[with]] [[which]] [[again]] [[may]] be compared ve and vel; v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 595, and also pp. 130, 223, 411], or; and [[repeated]]: aut... aut, [[either]]... or; so in Sanscr. vā... vā.<br /><b>I</b> In gen. it puts in the [[place]] of a [[previous]] [[assertion]] [[another]], objectively and [[absolutely]] antithetical to it, [[while]] vel indicates [[that]] the [[contrast]] rests [[upon]] subjective [[opinion]] or [[choice]]; i. e. aut is objective, vel subjective, or aut excludes one [[term]], vel makes the [[two]] [[indifferent]].<br /> <b>a</b> Used [[singly]], or: omnia [[bene]] sunt ei dicenda, qui hoc se posse profitetur aut eloquentiae [[nomen]] relinquendum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5: quibusnam manibus aut quibus viribus, Caes. B. G. 2, 30: Vinceris aut vincis, Prop. 2, 8, 10: cita [[mors]] venit aut [[victoria]] [[laeta]], Hor. S. 1, 1, 8: ruminat herbas aut [[aliquam]] in magno sequitur grege, Verg. E. 6, 55 et persaep. (cf. on the [[contrary]], Tac. G. 8: quae [[neque]] confirmare argumentis, [[neque]] refellere in [[animo]] est: ex ingenio suo [[quisque]] demat vel addat fidem).—<br /> <b>b</b> Repeated, aut ... aut, [[either]]... or: Ubi [[enim]] potest [[illa]] [[aetas]] aut calescere vel apricatione [[melius]] vel igni, aut [[vicissim]] umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius? Cic. Sen. 16, 57: Nam ejus per unam, ut [[audio]], aut vivam aut moriar sententiam, Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 3,1,11 sq.: aut, [[quicquid]] [[igitur]] [[eodem]] [[modo]] concluditur, probabitis, aut ars ista nulla est, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96: partem planitiae aut Jovis [[templum]] aut [[oppidum]] [[tenet]], Liv. 44, 6, 15: [[terra]] in universum aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5: hoc [[bellum]] [[quis]] [[umquam]] arbitraretur aut ab omnibus imperatoribus uno [[anno]] aut omnibus annis ab uno imperatore confici posse? Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11,31.—<br /> <b>c</b> More [[than]] [[twice]] [[repeated]]: aut equos Alere aut [[canes]] ad venandum, aut ad philosophos, Ter And. 1, 1, 29: Uxor, si cesses, aut te [[amare]] cogitat Aut [[tete]] [[amare]] aut potare [[atque]] [[animo]] obsequi, id. Ad. 1, 1, 7 sq.; so [[four]] times in Lucr. 4, 935 sq.; [[five]] times in Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; and Prop. 4, 21, 26 sqq.; and [[six]] times in Plin. 17, 10, 9, § 58.—<br /> <b>d</b> Sometimes [[double]] disjunctive phrases [[with]] aut... aut are placed [[together]]: Adsentior Crasso, ne aut de C. Laelii soceri mei aut de hujus generi aut [[arte]] aut gloriā detraham, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35: res ipsa et rei publicae [[tempus]] aut me ipsum, [[quod]] nolim, aut [[alium]] quempiam aut invitabit aut dehortabitur, id. Pis. 39, 94.—<br /> <b>e</b> Repeated [[after]] negatives: ne aut [[ille]] alserit Aut ceciderit [[atque]] aliquid praefregerit, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 11: ne tanti facinoris [[immanitas]] aut exstitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14; id. Sull. 43; id. Sest. 37; 39: [[neque]] [[enim]] sunt aut obscura aut non [[multa]] [[post]] commissa, id. Cat. 1, 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 20, 66; 1, 11, 36; 1, 20, 68; id. de Or. 2, 45, 189: nec milites ad [[scelus]] missos aut [[numero]] validos aut [[animo]] promptos, Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 1, 18; id. Or. 12: nec erit [[mirabilis]] [[illic]] Aut [[Stratocles]] aut cum molli [[Demetrius]] Haemo, Juv. 3, 98 sq.: [[neque]] aut [[quis]] esset [[ante]] detexit aut gubernatorem cedere adversae tempestati [[passus]] est, Suet. Caes. 58; id. Ner. 34: Nec aut [[Persae]] aut [[Macedones]] dubitavere, Curt. 4, 15, 28: Non [[sum]] aut tam [[inhumanus]] aut tam [[alienus]] a [[Sardis]]. Cic. Scaur. 39; id. Cat. 1, 13: Nihil est tam aut [[fragile]] aut flexibile [[quam]] etc., id. Mil. 36 al.—<br /> <b>f</b> In interrogations: quo [[modo]] aut [[geometres]] cernere ea potest, quae aut nulla sunt aut internosci a falsis non possunt aut is, qui fidibus utitur, explere numeros et conficere [[versus]]? Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 22; so id. de Or. 1, 9, 37; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 118; id. N. D. 1, 43, 121.—<br /> In [[comparative]] clauses: [[talis]] [[autem]] [[simulatio]] vanitati est conjunctior [[quam]] aut liberalitati aut honestati, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 44.—<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br /> <b>A</b> Placed [[singly]], to [[connect]] to [[something]] [[more]] [[important]] [[that]] [[which]] is [[less]] so, or at [[least]].<br /> <b>a</b> Absol.: Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, Aut [[age]] diversos et dissice corpora [[ponto]], Verg. A. 1, 69 sq. Rib. (furens [[Juno]] et irata, [[quod]] gravissimum credebat, optavit, [[deinde]] [[quod]] [[secundum]] intulit, Diom. p. 411 P.): [[quaero]], num injuste aut [[improbe]] fecerit, or at [[least]] [[unfairly]], Cic. Off. 3, 13, 54: a se postulari aut exspectari aliquid suspicantur, id. ib. 2, 20, 69: quā re vi aut [[clam]] agendum est, or at [[least]] by [[stealth]], id. Att. 10, 12: [[profecto]] cuncti aut magna [[pars]] Siccensium fidem mutavissent, Sall. J. 56, 6: Audendum est aliquid universis aut omnia singulis patienda, Liv. 6, 18, 7: [[pars]] a centurionibus aut praetoriarum cohortium militibus caesi, Tac. A. 1, 30: potentiā suā [[numquam]] aut [[raro]] ad impotentiam [[usus]], Vell. 2, 29.—<br /> <b>b</b> With [[certe]], etc.,<br /> v. [[infra]], F. 2.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[connect]] [[something]] [[which]] [[must]] [[take]] [[place]], if [[that]] [[which]] is [[previously]] stated does not, or, [[otherwise]], or [[else]], in the [[contrary]] [[case]], = [[alioqui]]: Redduc uxorem, aut [[quam]] obrem non [[opus]] [[sit]] [[cedo]], Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 76: id ([[principium]]) nec nasci potest nec mori, aut concidat omne [[caelum]] etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (Seyffert ad h. l., [[but]] preferring ut non; B. and K. and Kühner, vel): [[nunc]] manet insontem [[gravis]] [[exitus]]: aut ego veri Vana feror, Verg. A. 10, 630: effodiuntur bulbi [[ante]] ver: aut deteriores fiunt, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 96: Mutatione recreabitur [[sicut]] in cibis... Aut dicant [[iste]] mihi, quae [[sit]] [[alia]] [[ratio]] discendi, Quint. 1, 12, 6; 2, 17, 9.—<br /> <b>C</b> To [[restrict]] or [[correct]] an [[expression]] [[which]] is [[too]] [[general]] or [[inaccurate]], or, or [[rather]], or [[more]] [[accurately]].<br /> <b>a</b> Absol.: de hominum genere, aut [[omnino]] de animalium [[loquor]], Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33; 5, 20, 57; id. Ac. 2, 8, 23: Aut [[scilicet]] tua [[libertas]] disserendi amissa est, aut tu is es, qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, id. Leg. 1, 13, 36: cenaene causā, aut tuae mercedis gratiā Nos [[nostras]] aedīs postulas comburere? or [[rather]], etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 11.—In this [[signification]] aut [[sometimes]] begins a [[new]] [[clause]]: Potestne [[igitur]] [[quisquam]] dicere, [[inter]] eum, qui doleat, et [[inter]] eum, qui in voluptate [[sit]], [[nihil]] interesse? Aut, ita qui sentiet, non apertissime insaniat? or is not [[rather]], etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20: Quid est [[enim]] temeritate turpius? Aut [[quid]] tam temerarium tamque indignum sapientis [[gravitate]] [[atque]] constantiā, [[quam]], etc., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—<br /> <b>b</b> With [[potius]] (v. [[infra]], F. 4.).—<br /> <b>D</b> Neque ... aut [[sometimes]], [[but]] [[chiefly]] in the poets, takes the [[place]] of [[neque]]... [[neque]]: Neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam; nec conjugis [[umquam]] Praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera veni, Verg. A. 4, 339: Si [[neque]] avaritiam [[neque]] [[sordes]] aut [[mala]] lustra Obiciet [[vere]] [[quisquam]] mihi, Hor. S. 1, 6, 68 Bentl., [[but]] ac, K. and H.: Nunc [[neque]] te longi remeantem [[pompa]] triumphi Excipit aut sacras poscunt Capitolia lauros, Luc. 1, 287: Nam [[neque]] plebeiam aut dextro [[sine]] numine cretam Servo animam, Stat. S. 1, 4, 66: Neque [[enim]] Tyriis [[Cynosura]] carinis Certior aut Grais Helice servanda magistris, Val. Fl. 1, 17; so also [[Tacitus]]: nec litore [[tenus]] adcrescere aut resorberi, Agr. 10; G. 7 ter; H. 1, 32; so [[after]] non: Non eo [[dico]], quo mihi veniat in dubium tua [[fides]], aut quo etc., Cic. Quinct. 5: non jure aut legibus cognoscunt, Tac. Or. 19; id. Agr. 41; id. G. 24; [[after]] [[haud]]: Haud [[alias]] [[populus]] [[plus]] occultae vocis aut suspicacis silentii permisit, id. A. 3, 11; [[after]] [[nihil]]: [[nihil]] caedis aut praedae, id. A. 15, 6; 13, 4; id. H. 1, 30.—<br /> <b>E</b> The poets [[connect]] by aut... vel, vel... aut, [[instead]] of aut... aut, or vel... vel: Quotiens te votui Argu rippum Conpellare aut contrectare conloquive aut contui? Plaut. As. 3, 1, 19: aut appone dapes, Vare, vel aufer [[opes]], Mart. 4, 78, 6 (this epigram is rejected by Schneid.): Non ars aut [[astus]] belli vel [[dextera]] deerat, Sil. 16, 32.—<br /> <b>F</b> In [[connection]] [[with]] [[other]] particles.<br /> <b>1</b> Aut [[etiam]], to [[complete]] or [[strengthen]] an [[assertion]], or also, or [[even]]: [[quid]] [[ergo]] aut hunc prohibet, aut [[etiam]] Xenocratem, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 51: conjectura in multas aut diversas, aut [[etiam]] in contrarias partes, id. Div. 2, 26, 55; id. Off. 1, 9, 28: si aut [[ambigue]] aut inconstanter aut [[incredibiliter]] dicta sunt, aut [[etiam]] [[aliter]] ab [[alio]] dicta, id. Part. Or. 14, 51: [[etsi]] omnia aut scripta esse a tuis [[arbitror]], aut [[etiam]] nuntiis ac rumore perlata, id. Att. 4, 1.—So [[with]] one aut: [[quod]] de [[illo]] acceperant, aut [[etiam]] suspicabantur, Cic. Fam. 1, 19, 36; Cels. 4, 18: si [[modo]] sim ([[orator]]), aut [[etiam]] [[quicumque]] sim, Cic. Or. 3, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76.—<br /> <b>2</b> Aut [[certe]], aut [[modo]], aut [[quidem]], or aut [[sane]], to [[restrict]] a [[declaration]], or at [[least]] (cf. II. A.).<br /> <b>a</b> Aut [[certe]]: ac [[video]] hanc primam ingressionem meam aut reprehensionis aliquid, aut [[certe]] admirationis habituram, Cic. Or. 3, 11; id. Top. 17, 64: quo [[enim]] uno vincebamur a victā Graeciā, id aut ereptum illis est, aut [[certe]] nobis cum illis communicatum, id. Brut. 73, 254; so [[Dolabella]] ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1; Liv. 2, 1, 4; 40, 46, 2; Cels. 1, 2; 5, 26; Prop. 4, 21, 29.—<br /> <b>b</b> Aut [[modo]]: Si [[umquam]] [[posthac]] aut amasso Casinam, aut obcepso [[modo]], Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 22.—<br /> <b>c</b> Aut [[quidem]]: Proinde desinant [[quidam]] quaerere [[ultra]] aut opinari... aut [[quidem]] vetustissimā [[nave]] impositos jubebo avehi, Suet. Caes. 66.—<br /> <b>d</b> Aut [[sane]]: [[Afer]] aut [[Sardus]] [[sane]], Cic. Scaur. 15.—<br /> <b>3</b> Aut [[vero]], to [[connect]] a [[more]] [[important]] [[thought]], or [[indeed]], or [[truly]]: Quem [[tibi]] aut hominem, aut [[vero]] deum, [[auxilio]] futurum putas? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 78: Quis [[enim]] [[tibi]] hoc concesserit, aut [[initio]] [[genus]] hominum se oppidis moenibusque saepsisse? Aut [[vero]] etc., id. de Or. 1, 9, 36.—<br /> <b>4</b> Aut [[potius]], for [[correction]] or greater definiteness, or [[rather]] (cf. II. C.): Erravit, aut [[potius]] insanivit [[Apronius]]? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119: proditores aut [[potius]] apertos hostes, id. Sest. 35: [[nemo]] est injustus, aut incauti [[potius]] habendi sunt improbi, id. Leg. 1, 14, 40: Quae est [[ergo]] ista [[ratio]], aut quae [[potius]] ista [[amentia]]? id. Verr. 3, 173.—<br /> <b>5</b> Aut ne... [[quidem]]: ego jam aut rem aut ne spem [[quidem]] [[exspecto]], Cic. Att. 3, 22 fin.!*? Aut [[regularly]] precedes the words of its [[clause]], [[but]] [[sometimes]] in the poets it takes the [[second]] [[place]]: Saturni aut sacram me tenuisse diem, Tib. 1, 3, 18 Lachm.: justos aut reperire [[pedes]], id. 2, 5, 112: Persequar aut [[studium]] linguae etc., Prop. 4, 21, 27: Fer [[pater]], inquit, opem! Tellus aut hisce, vel istam, etc., Ov. M. 1, 545 (Merk., ait): Balteus aut fluxos gemmis adstrinxit [[amictus]], Luc. 2, 362, [[where]] [[some]] [[read]] [[haud]]. See [[more]] [[upon]] this [[word]] in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 525-558. | |lshtext=<b>aut</b>:<br /><b>I</b> conj. [aut, Osc. auti, Umbr. ote, ute, [[may]] be a [[modification]] of [[autem]], as at of et, the suffix -t [[being]] a [[relic]] of the [[demonstrative]] -tem, [[which]] appears in [[item]], and is the [[same]] as -dem in [[quidem]], and -[[dam]] in [[quondam]], and of [[which]] the [[demonstrative]] adverbs, tam and tum, are [[absolute]] forms; the [[first]] [[part]] of these words [[may]] be compared [[with]] the Gr. αὖ> (cf. [[αὖτε]] and [[αὐτάρ]]), and [[with]] the Sanscr. vā = or, [[with]] [[which]] [[again]] [[may]] be compared ve and vel; v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 595, and also pp. 130, 223, 411], or; and [[repeated]]: aut... aut, [[either]]... or; so in Sanscr. vā... vā.<br /><b>I</b> In gen. it puts in the [[place]] of a [[previous]] [[assertion]] [[another]], objectively and [[absolutely]] antithetical to it, [[while]] vel indicates [[that]] the [[contrast]] rests [[upon]] subjective [[opinion]] or [[choice]]; i. e. aut is objective, vel subjective, or aut excludes one [[term]], vel makes the [[two]] [[indifferent]].<br /> <b>a</b> Used [[singly]], or: omnia [[bene]] sunt ei dicenda, qui hoc se posse profitetur aut eloquentiae [[nomen]] relinquendum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5: quibusnam manibus aut quibus viribus, Caes. B. G. 2, 30: Vinceris aut vincis, Prop. 2, 8, 10: cita [[mors]] venit aut [[victoria]] [[laeta]], Hor. S. 1, 1, 8: ruminat herbas aut [[aliquam]] in magno sequitur grege, Verg. E. 6, 55 et persaep. (cf. on the [[contrary]], Tac. G. 8: quae [[neque]] confirmare argumentis, [[neque]] refellere in [[animo]] est: ex ingenio suo [[quisque]] demat vel addat fidem).—<br /> <b>b</b> Repeated, aut ... aut, [[either]]... or: Ubi [[enim]] potest [[illa]] [[aetas]] aut calescere vel apricatione [[melius]] vel igni, aut [[vicissim]] umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius? Cic. Sen. 16, 57: Nam ejus per unam, ut [[audio]], aut vivam aut moriar sententiam, Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 3,1,11 sq.: aut, [[quicquid]] [[igitur]] [[eodem]] [[modo]] concluditur, probabitis, aut ars ista nulla est, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96: partem planitiae aut Jovis [[templum]] aut [[oppidum]] [[tenet]], Liv. 44, 6, 15: [[terra]] in universum aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5: hoc [[bellum]] [[quis]] [[umquam]] arbitraretur aut ab omnibus imperatoribus uno [[anno]] aut omnibus annis ab uno imperatore confici posse? Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11,31.—<br /> <b>c</b> More [[than]] [[twice]] [[repeated]]: aut equos Alere aut [[canes]] ad venandum, aut ad philosophos, Ter And. 1, 1, 29: Uxor, si cesses, aut te [[amare]] cogitat Aut [[tete]] [[amare]] aut potare [[atque]] [[animo]] obsequi, id. Ad. 1, 1, 7 sq.; so [[four]] times in Lucr. 4, 935 sq.; [[five]] times in Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; and Prop. 4, 21, 26 sqq.; and [[six]] times in Plin. 17, 10, 9, § 58.—<br /> <b>d</b> Sometimes [[double]] disjunctive phrases [[with]] aut... aut are placed [[together]]: Adsentior Crasso, ne aut de C. Laelii soceri mei aut de hujus generi aut [[arte]] aut gloriā detraham, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35: res ipsa et rei publicae [[tempus]] aut me ipsum, [[quod]] nolim, aut [[alium]] quempiam aut invitabit aut dehortabitur, id. Pis. 39, 94.—<br /> <b>e</b> Repeated [[after]] negatives: ne aut [[ille]] alserit Aut ceciderit [[atque]] aliquid praefregerit, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 11: ne tanti facinoris [[immanitas]] aut exstitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14; id. Sull. 43; id. Sest. 37; 39: [[neque]] [[enim]] sunt aut obscura aut non [[multa]] [[post]] commissa, id. Cat. 1, 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 20, 66; 1, 11, 36; 1, 20, 68; id. de Or. 2, 45, 189: nec milites ad [[scelus]] missos aut [[numero]] validos aut [[animo]] promptos, Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 1, 18; id. Or. 12: nec erit [[mirabilis]] [[illic]] Aut [[Stratocles]] aut cum molli [[Demetrius]] Haemo, Juv. 3, 98 sq.: [[neque]] aut [[quis]] esset [[ante]] detexit aut gubernatorem cedere adversae tempestati [[passus]] est, Suet. Caes. 58; id. Ner. 34: Nec aut [[Persae]] aut [[Macedones]] dubitavere, Curt. 4, 15, 28: Non [[sum]] aut tam [[inhumanus]] aut tam [[alienus]] a [[Sardis]]. Cic. Scaur. 39; id. Cat. 1, 13: Nihil est tam aut [[fragile]] aut flexibile [[quam]] etc., id. Mil. 36 al.—<br /> <b>f</b> In interrogations: quo [[modo]] aut [[geometres]] cernere ea potest, quae aut nulla sunt aut internosci a falsis non possunt aut is, qui fidibus utitur, explere numeros et conficere [[versus]]? Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 22; so id. de Or. 1, 9, 37; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 118; id. N. D. 1, 43, 121.—<br /> In [[comparative]] clauses: [[talis]] [[autem]] [[simulatio]] vanitati est conjunctior [[quam]] aut liberalitati aut honestati, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 44.—<br /><b>II</b> Esp.<br /> <b>A</b> Placed [[singly]], to [[connect]] to [[something]] [[more]] [[important]] [[that]] [[which]] is [[less]] so, or at [[least]].<br /> <b>a</b> Absol.: Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, Aut [[age]] diversos et dissice corpora [[ponto]], Verg. A. 1, 69 sq. Rib. (furens [[Juno]] et irata, [[quod]] gravissimum credebat, optavit, [[deinde]] [[quod]] [[secundum]] intulit, Diom. p. 411 P.): [[quaero]], num injuste aut [[improbe]] fecerit, or at [[least]] [[unfairly]], Cic. Off. 3, 13, 54: a se postulari aut exspectari aliquid suspicantur, id. ib. 2, 20, 69: quā re vi aut [[clam]] agendum est, or at [[least]] by [[stealth]], id. Att. 10, 12: [[profecto]] cuncti aut magna [[pars]] Siccensium fidem mutavissent, Sall. J. 56, 6: Audendum est aliquid universis aut omnia singulis patienda, Liv. 6, 18, 7: [[pars]] a centurionibus aut praetoriarum cohortium militibus caesi, Tac. A. 1, 30: potentiā suā [[numquam]] aut [[raro]] ad impotentiam [[usus]], Vell. 2, 29.—<br /> <b>b</b> With [[certe]], etc.,<br /> v. [[infra]], F. 2.—<br /> <b>B</b> To [[connect]] [[something]] [[which]] [[must]] [[take]] [[place]], if [[that]] [[which]] is [[previously]] stated does not, or, [[otherwise]], or [[else]], in the [[contrary]] [[case]], = [[alioqui]]: Redduc uxorem, aut [[quam]] obrem non [[opus]] [[sit]] [[cedo]], Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 76: id ([[principium]]) nec nasci potest nec mori, aut concidat omne [[caelum]] etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (Seyffert ad h. l., [[but]] preferring ut non; B. and K. and Kühner, vel): [[nunc]] manet insontem [[gravis]] [[exitus]]: aut ego veri Vana feror, Verg. A. 10, 630: effodiuntur bulbi [[ante]] ver: aut deteriores fiunt, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 96: Mutatione recreabitur [[sicut]] in cibis... Aut dicant [[iste]] mihi, quae [[sit]] [[alia]] [[ratio]] discendi, Quint. 1, 12, 6; 2, 17, 9.—<br /> <b>C</b> To [[restrict]] or [[correct]] an [[expression]] [[which]] is [[too]] [[general]] or [[inaccurate]], or, or [[rather]], or [[more]] [[accurately]].<br /> <b>a</b> Absol.: de hominum genere, aut [[omnino]] de animalium [[loquor]], Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33; 5, 20, 57; id. Ac. 2, 8, 23: Aut [[scilicet]] tua [[libertas]] disserendi amissa est, aut tu is es, qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, id. Leg. 1, 13, 36: cenaene causā, aut tuae mercedis gratiā Nos [[nostras]] aedīs postulas comburere? or [[rather]], etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 11.—In this [[signification]] aut [[sometimes]] begins a [[new]] [[clause]]: Potestne [[igitur]] [[quisquam]] dicere, [[inter]] eum, qui doleat, et [[inter]] eum, qui in voluptate [[sit]], [[nihil]] interesse? Aut, ita qui sentiet, non apertissime insaniat? or is not [[rather]], etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20: Quid est [[enim]] temeritate turpius? Aut [[quid]] tam temerarium tamque indignum sapientis [[gravitate]] [[atque]] constantiā, [[quam]], etc., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—<br /> <b>b</b> With [[potius]] (v. [[infra]], F. 4.).—<br /> <b>D</b> Neque ... aut [[sometimes]], [[but]] [[chiefly]] in the poets, takes the [[place]] of [[neque]]... [[neque]]: Neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam; nec conjugis [[umquam]] Praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera veni, Verg. A. 4, 339: Si [[neque]] avaritiam [[neque]] [[sordes]] aut [[mala]] lustra Obiciet [[vere]] [[quisquam]] mihi, Hor. S. 1, 6, 68 Bentl., [[but]] ac, K. and H.: Nunc [[neque]] te longi remeantem [[pompa]] triumphi Excipit aut sacras poscunt Capitolia lauros, Luc. 1, 287: Nam [[neque]] plebeiam aut dextro [[sine]] numine cretam Servo animam, Stat. S. 1, 4, 66: Neque [[enim]] Tyriis [[Cynosura]] carinis Certior aut Grais Helice servanda magistris, Val. Fl. 1, 17; so also [[Tacitus]]: nec litore [[tenus]] adcrescere aut resorberi, Agr. 10; G. 7 ter; H. 1, 32; so [[after]] non: Non eo [[dico]], quo mihi veniat in dubium tua [[fides]], aut quo etc., Cic. Quinct. 5: non jure aut legibus cognoscunt, Tac. Or. 19; id. Agr. 41; id. G. 24; [[after]] [[haud]]: Haud [[alias]] [[populus]] [[plus]] occultae vocis aut suspicacis silentii permisit, id. A. 3, 11; [[after]] [[nihil]]: [[nihil]] caedis aut praedae, id. A. 15, 6; 13, 4; id. H. 1, 30.—<br /> <b>E</b> The poets [[connect]] by aut... vel, vel... aut, [[instead]] of aut... aut, or vel... vel: Quotiens te votui Argu rippum Conpellare aut contrectare conloquive aut contui? Plaut. As. 3, 1, 19: aut appone dapes, Vare, vel aufer [[opes]], Mart. 4, 78, 6 (this epigram is rejected by Schneid.): Non ars aut [[astus]] belli vel [[dextera]] deerat, Sil. 16, 32.—<br /> <b>F</b> In [[connection]] [[with]] [[other]] particles.<br /> <b>1</b> Aut [[etiam]], to [[complete]] or [[strengthen]] an [[assertion]], or also, or [[even]]: [[quid]] [[ergo]] aut hunc prohibet, aut [[etiam]] Xenocratem, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 51: conjectura in multas aut diversas, aut [[etiam]] in contrarias partes, id. Div. 2, 26, 55; id. Off. 1, 9, 28: si aut [[ambigue]] aut inconstanter aut [[incredibiliter]] dicta sunt, aut [[etiam]] [[aliter]] ab [[alio]] dicta, id. Part. Or. 14, 51: [[etsi]] omnia aut scripta esse a tuis [[arbitror]], aut [[etiam]] nuntiis ac rumore perlata, id. Att. 4, 1.—So [[with]] one aut: [[quod]] de [[illo]] acceperant, aut [[etiam]] suspicabantur, Cic. Fam. 1, 19, 36; Cels. 4, 18: si [[modo]] sim ([[orator]]), aut [[etiam]] [[quicumque]] sim, Cic. Or. 3, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76.—<br /> <b>2</b> Aut [[certe]], aut [[modo]], aut [[quidem]], or aut [[sane]], to [[restrict]] a [[declaration]], or at [[least]] (cf. II. A.).<br /> <b>a</b> Aut [[certe]]: ac [[video]] hanc primam ingressionem meam aut reprehensionis aliquid, aut [[certe]] admirationis habituram, Cic. Or. 3, 11; id. Top. 17, 64: quo [[enim]] uno vincebamur a victā Graeciā, id aut ereptum illis est, aut [[certe]] nobis cum illis communicatum, id. Brut. 73, 254; so [[Dolabella]] ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1; Liv. 2, 1, 4; 40, 46, 2; Cels. 1, 2; 5, 26; Prop. 4, 21, 29.—<br /> <b>b</b> Aut [[modo]]: Si [[umquam]] [[posthac]] aut amasso Casinam, aut obcepso [[modo]], Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 22.—<br /> <b>c</b> Aut [[quidem]]: Proinde desinant [[quidam]] quaerere [[ultra]] aut opinari... aut [[quidem]] vetustissimā [[nave]] impositos jubebo avehi, Suet. Caes. 66.—<br /> <b>d</b> Aut [[sane]]: [[Afer]] aut [[Sardus]] [[sane]], Cic. Scaur. 15.—<br /> <b>3</b> Aut [[vero]], to [[connect]] a [[more]] [[important]] [[thought]], or [[indeed]], or [[truly]]: Quem [[tibi]] aut hominem, aut [[vero]] deum, [[auxilio]] futurum putas? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 78: Quis [[enim]] [[tibi]] hoc concesserit, aut [[initio]] [[genus]] hominum se oppidis moenibusque saepsisse? Aut [[vero]] etc., id. de Or. 1, 9, 36.—<br /> <b>4</b> Aut [[potius]], for [[correction]] or greater definiteness, or [[rather]] (cf. II. C.): Erravit, aut [[potius]] insanivit [[Apronius]]? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119: proditores aut [[potius]] apertos hostes, id. Sest. 35: [[nemo]] est injustus, aut incauti [[potius]] habendi sunt improbi, id. Leg. 1, 14, 40: Quae est [[ergo]] ista [[ratio]], aut quae [[potius]] ista [[amentia]]? id. Verr. 3, 173.—<br /> <b>5</b> Aut ne... [[quidem]]: ego jam aut rem aut ne spem [[quidem]] [[exspecto]], Cic. Att. 3, 22 fin.!*? Aut [[regularly]] precedes the words of its [[clause]], [[but]] [[sometimes]] in the poets it takes the [[second]] [[place]]: Saturni aut sacram me tenuisse diem, Tib. 1, 3, 18 Lachm.: justos aut reperire [[pedes]], id. 2, 5, 112: Persequar aut [[studium]] linguae etc., Prop. 4, 21, 27: Fer [[pater]], inquit, opem! Tellus aut hisce, vel istam, etc., Ov. M. 1, 545 (Merk., ait): Balteus aut fluxos gemmis adstrinxit [[amictus]], Luc. 2, 362, [[where]] [[some]] [[read]] [[haud]]. See [[more]] [[upon]] this [[word]] in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 525-558. | ||
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|[fortifié par des particules diverses] : quem [[ego]] diem [[vere]] natalem hujus urbis [[aut]] [[certe]] salutarem appellare [[possum]] Cic. Fl. 102, ce jour que je puis appeler vraiment le jour de la naissance de [[cette]] ville ou du moins celui de son salut ; consules se [[aut]] dictatores [[aut]] [[etiam]] reges sperant futuros Cic. Cat. 2, 19, ils espèrent être consuls ou dictateurs ou même rois ; [[testis]] [[non]] [[modo]] [[Afer]] [[aut]] [[Sardus]] [[sane]], [[sed]]... Cic. Scauro 15, un témoin, je ne [[dis]] pas seulement Africain ou, si vous voulez, Sarde, mais... ; [[aut]] [[saltem]] Cæs. C. 1, 6, 2 ; ou à défaut, ou tout au moins ; Catonem [[quis]] legit ? [[aut]] [[quis]] novit [[omnino]] ? Cic. Br. 65, Caton, qui le lit ? ou même qui le connaît seulement ? [[aut]] [[potius]] Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 113, etc., ou plutôt ; [[aut]] [[fortasse]] Cic. Agr. 2, 51, ou peut-être ; [[aut]] [[denique]] Cic. Arch. 12, ou enfin ; [[aut]] [[summum]] Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 129, ou tout au [[plus]]<br /><b>2</b> ou [[sinon]], ou sans cela, ou autrement : Cic. Clu. 127 ; Agr. 2, 79 ; et tu [[argentum]] [[huic]] redde [[aut]], [[nisi]] id [[confestim]] [[facis]], [[ego]] te tradam magistratui Nep. Epam. 4, 3, et toi, rends l’argent à cet homme, ou alors, si tu ne le fais sur-le-champ, moi, je te livrerai au magistrat ; [[nunc]] manet insontem [[gravis]] [[exitus]] [[aut]] [[ego]] veri vana feror Virg. En. 10, 630, mais, sans qu’il l’ait mérité, une fin cruelle l’attend, à moins que je ne sois le jouet d’une trompeuse erreur<br /><b>3</b> [[aut]]... [[aut]] avec valeur disjonctive (=de deux choses l’une, ou bien... ou bien) : [[aut]] [[secundum]] naturam [[aut]] [[contra]] Cic. Fin. 3, 53, de façon ou conforme ou contraire à la nature ; [[aut]] [[hoc]] [[aut]] [[illud]] ; [[hoc]] [[autem]], [[non]] [[igitur]] [[illud]] Cic. Top. 56, c’[[est]] ou ceci ou cela ; c’[[est]] ceci, donc ce n’[[est]] pas cela ; [[aut]] dabis [[aut]] [[contra]] [[edictum]] fecisse damnabere Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, ou tu donneras ou tu seras condamné comme ayant enfreint l’édit||le 2<sup>e</sup> [[aut]] restrictif : quæro... num id [[injuste]] [[aut]] [[improbe]] fecerit Cic. Off. 3, 54, je demande si sa conduite n’[[est]] pas contraire à la justice ou du moins à la probité ; [[aut]] falsa [[aut]] [[certe]] obscura Cic. de Or. 1, 92, opinion ou fausse ou du moins certainement [[obscure]]| | |[fortifié par des particules diverses] : quem [[ego]] diem [[vere]] natalem hujus urbis [[aut]] [[certe]] salutarem appellare [[possum]] Cic. Fl. 102, ce jour que je puis appeler vraiment le jour de la naissance de [[cette]] ville ou du moins celui de son salut ; consules se [[aut]] dictatores [[aut]] [[etiam]] reges sperant futuros Cic. Cat. 2, 19, ils espèrent être consuls ou dictateurs ou même rois ; [[testis]] [[non]] [[modo]] [[Afer]] [[aut]] [[Sardus]] [[sane]], [[sed]]... Cic. Scauro 15, un témoin, je ne [[dis]] pas seulement Africain ou, si vous voulez, Sarde, mais... ; [[aut]] [[saltem]] Cæs. C. 1, 6, 2 ; ou à défaut, ou tout au moins ; Catonem [[quis]] legit ? [[aut]] [[quis]] novit [[omnino]] ? Cic. Br. 65, Caton, qui le lit ? ou même qui le connaît seulement ? [[aut]] [[potius]] Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 113, etc., ou plutôt ; [[aut]] [[fortasse]] Cic. Agr. 2, 51, ou peut-être ; [[aut]] [[denique]] Cic. Arch. 12, ou enfin ; [[aut]] [[summum]] Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 129, ou tout au [[plus]]<br /><b>2</b> ou [[sinon]], ou sans cela, ou autrement : Cic. Clu. 127 ; Agr. 2, 79 ; et tu [[argentum]] [[huic]] redde [[aut]], [[nisi]] id [[confestim]] [[facis]], [[ego]] te tradam magistratui Nep. Epam. 4, 3, et toi, rends l’argent à cet homme, ou alors, si tu ne le fais sur-le-champ, moi, je te livrerai au magistrat ; [[nunc]] manet insontem [[gravis]] [[exitus]] [[aut]] [[ego]] veri vana feror Virg. En. 10, 630, mais, sans qu’il l’ait mérité, une fin cruelle l’attend, à moins que je ne sois le jouet d’une trompeuse erreur<br /><b>3</b> [[aut]]... [[aut]] avec valeur disjonctive (=de deux choses l’une, ou bien... ou bien) : [[aut]] [[secundum]] naturam [[aut]] [[contra]] Cic. Fin. 3, 53, de façon ou conforme ou contraire à la nature ; [[aut]] [[hoc]] [[aut]] [[illud]] ; [[hoc]] [[autem]], [[non]] [[igitur]] [[illud]] Cic. Top. 56, c’[[est]] ou ceci ou cela ; c’[[est]] ceci, donc ce n’[[est]] pas cela ; [[aut]] dabis [[aut]] [[contra]] [[edictum]] fecisse damnabere Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, ou tu donneras ou tu seras condamné comme ayant enfreint l’édit||le 2<sup>e</sup> [[aut]] restrictif : quæro... num id [[injuste]] [[aut]] [[improbe]] fecerit Cic. Off. 3, 54, je demande si sa conduite n’[[est]] pas contraire à la justice ou du moins à la probité ; [[aut]] falsa [[aut]] [[certe]] obscura Cic. de Or. 1, 92, opinion ou fausse ou du moins certainement [[obscure]]| | ||
|après nég. : ut a [[nullius]] [[umquam]] me tempore [[aut]] [[commodo]] [[aut]] [[otium]] [[meum]] abstraxerit [[aut]] [[voluptas]] avocarit [[aut]] [[denique]]... Cic. Arch. 12, de telle façon que, quand il s’[[est]] agi de tirer qqn du danger ou de défendre ses intérêts, jamais je n’ai été soit détourné par le souci de mon repos, soit distrait par l’appel du plaisir, soit enfin... ; [[nemo]] [[aut]] [[miles]] [[aut]] [[eques]] Cæs. C. 3, 61, 2, personne ni fantassin ni cavalier<br /><b>4</b>=et : Sall. C. 47, 1, [[interrogatus]] [[quid]] [[aut]] [[qua]] de [[causa]] consilii habuisset, interrogé sur le but et la cause du projet qu’il avait formé ; Liv. 22, 7, 14. | |après nég. : ut a [[nullius]] [[umquam]] me tempore [[aut]] [[commodo]] [[aut]] [[otium]] [[meum]] abstraxerit [[aut]] [[voluptas]] avocarit [[aut]] [[denique]]... Cic. Arch. 12, de telle façon que, quand il s’[[est]] agi de tirer qqn du danger ou de défendre ses intérêts, jamais je n’ai été soit détourné par le souci de mon repos, soit distrait par l’appel du plaisir, soit enfin... ; [[nemo]] [[aut]] [[miles]] [[aut]] [[eques]] Cæs. C. 3, 61, 2, personne ni fantassin ni cavalier<br /><b>4</b>=et : Sall. C. 47, 1, [[interrogatus]] [[quid]] [[aut]] [[qua]] de [[causa]] consilii habuisset, interrogé sur le but et la cause du projet qu’il avait formé ; Liv. 22, 7, 14. | ||
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{{Georges | |||
|georg=aut, Coni. disiunct. (vgl. griech. αὖ, [[wieder]]), [[oder]] ([[wesentlich]] verschiedene Begriffe trennend), u. [[aut]]... [[aut]], entweder... [[oder]] (den [[einen]] [[oder]] den andern [[Fall]] ausschließend), I) [[allein]], 1) [[nach]] [[einfach]] hingestelltem erstem [[Begriff]], a) übh., [[oder]], α) [[einmal]]: id [[ergo]] est [[pronuntiatum]], [[quod]] est [[verum]] [[aut]] [[falsum]], Cic.: [[hic]] vincendum [[aut]] moriendum, milites, est, Liv. – [[mit]] dem Satze vorstehender [[Negation]], [[neque]] [[vero]] [[qui]] [[non]] iisdem rebus movetur naturāque consentit [[fidus]] [[aut]] [[stabilis]] potest [[esse]], Cic.: [[sine]] quibus [[nec]] intellegi [[quicquam]] [[nec]] quaeri [[aut]] disputari potest, Cic.: [[nemo]] tribunos [[aut]] plebeios timebat, Liv.: nullos habuit hortos, nullam suburbanam [[aut]] maritimam sumptuosam villam, Nep. – in der [[Frage]], erit, inquit [[Brutus]], [[aut]] [[iam]] est [[iste]], quem exspectas? Cic. – β) [[zwei]]- u. [[mehrmals]], [[oder]]... [[oder]] u.s.f., si ([[animus]]) [[deus]] [[aut]] [[anima]] [[aut]] [[ignis]] est, Cic.: [[oppidum]] validum [[prope]] siet [[aut]] [[mare]] [[aut]] [[amnis]] [[aut]] [[via]] [[bona]] celeberrima, [[Cato]]. – b) vom Stärkern zum Geringern herabsteigend, [[oder]] [[auch]], [[oder]] [[auch]] [[nur]], [[oder]] [[doch]], [[oder]] [[wenigstens]], cuncti [[aut]] magna [[pars]], Sall.: [[quaero]] [[num]] [[iniuste]] [[aut]] [[improbe]] fecerit, Cic.: si ([[alces]]) [[quo]] afflictae casu conciderunt, erigere [[sese]] [[aut]] sublevare [[non]] possunt, Caes. Vgl. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 39. p. 210. – c) zum allgemeinen aufsteigend, [[oder]] [[überhaupt]], [[nec]] [[illa]] vincula carceris ruperit, [[sed]], [[tamquam]] a magistratu [[aut]] ab [[aliqua]] potestate [[legitima]], [[sic]] a deo [[evocatus]] [[atque]] [[emissus]] exierit, Cic.: [[quid]]? [[huic]] [[calix]] [[mulsi]] impingendus est, ut plorare desinat, [[aut]] [[aliquid]] [[eiusmodi]]? Cic. – d) berichtigend, verdeutlichend, [[oder]] [[vielmehr]], [[oder]] [[genau]] genommen, de hominum genere [[aut]] [[omnino]] de animalium loquar, Cic.: [[quid]] [[enim]] [[ultra]] differri [[aut]] teri [[tempus]]? Liv. Vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 53, 3. – am Anfange eines Satzes, s. [[Cic]]. de nat. deor. 1, 1. – e) bedingend, [[oder]] = [[sonst]], [[widrigenfalls]], reduc uxorem, [[aut]] [[quamobrem]] [[non]] [[opus]] sit [[cedo]], Ter.: [[nunc]] manet insontem [[gravis]] [[exitus]], [[aut]] [[ego]] veri vana feror, Verg.; u. so Cic. de or. 2, 5. Ov. [[met]]. 10, 52. Quint. 2, 17, 9. – 2) korrespondierend: a) [[mit]] einem vorhergeh. [[aut]], u. [[zwar]]: α) [[aut]]... [[aut]], entweder... [[oder]], [[einerseits]]... [[andererseits]], wo [[nicht]]... so [[doch]], [[wenn]] [[nicht]]... so [[doch]] [[wenigstens]], otiosam aetatem et quietam [[sine]] [[ullo]] [[aut]] labore [[aut]] contentione traducere, Cic.: cum [[aut]] [[suis]] finibus [[eos]] prohibent [[aut]] [[ipsi]] in eorum finibus [[bellum]] gerunt, Caes.: [[aut]] [[prodesse]] volunt [[aut]] delectare poëtae, Hor. – [[zweimal]] [[aut]]... [[aut]] in verschiedener [[Beziehung]] [[nebeneinander]], ne [[aut]] de C. Laelii soceri mei [[aut]] de huius generi [[aut]] [[arte]] [[aut]] gloriā detraham, Cic. Vgl. Ellendt Cic. de or. 1, 35. [[Halm]] Cic. Sull. 44. – [[mit]] einem Satze vorstehender [[Negation]], [[neque]] [[enim]] sunt [[aut]] obscura [[aut]] [[non]] [[multa]] commissa [[postea]], Cic. – in der [[Frage]], [[num]] [[aut]] [[ille]] [[lanista]] [[omnino]] [[iam]] a gladio recessisse videtur [[aut]] is [[discipulus]] [[magistro]] [[tantulum]] de [[arte]] concedere? Cic. – β) [[aut]]... [[aut]]... [[aut]], entweder... [[oder]]... [[oder]], [[alii]] [[autem]] [[aut]] naturā corporis [[aut]] consuetudine dolendi [[aut]] metu supplicii ac mortis vim tormentorum pertulerunt, Cic. – b) [[mit]] einem vorhergeh. [[neque]] ([[nec]])... [[neque]] ([[nec]]), [[bei]] Dichtern der Abwechselung [[wegen]], s. [[Verg]]. Aen. 4, 337–339. Hor. carm. 3, 12, 1–3. Hor. [[sat]]. 1, 9, 31 sq. – In der [[Prosa]] [[zwar]] [[oft]] [[aut]] [[vor]] [[neque]]... [[neque]], [[aber]] [[mit]] diesen [[nicht]] korrespondierend, s. [[Cic]]. ep. 2, 19, 1. Sall. Iug. 18, 2 (u. [[dazu]] Kritz). – II) [[näher]] motiviert [[durch]] eine [[andere]] [[Partikel]]: [[aut]] [[certe]], [[oder]] [[wenigstens]], Cic. – so [[auch]] [[aut]]... [[aut]] [[certe]], Cic. – [[aut]] [[saltem]], [[oder]] [[wenigstens]], Cic. – [[aut]] [[potius]], [[oder]] [[vielmehr]], Cic. – [[aut]] [[etiam]], [[oder]] [[auch]], [[oder]] [[gar]], Cic. – so [[auch]] [[aut]]... [[aut]] [[etiam]], Cic. – [[aut]] [[vero]], [[oder]] [[wohl]], [[oder]] [[wohl]] [[gar]], [[meist]] in ironischer [[Frage]], Cic. – [[aut]] [[denique]], od. [[aut]]... [[denique]], [[oder]] [[endlich]], Ter. u. Cic. – [[aut]] [[quidem]], [[oder]] [[sicher]], Suet. Caes. 66. – [[aut]]... [[vel]] od. [[vel]]... [[aut]], s. [[Nipperd]]. Tac. ann. 14, 3. | |||
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{{LaZh | |||
|lnztxt=aut. ''conj''. :: [[或]]。[[抑]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 16:37, 12 June 2024
Latin > English
aut CONJ :: or, or rather/else; either...or (aut...aut) (emphasizing one)
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
aut:
I conj. [aut, Osc. auti, Umbr. ote, ute, may be a modification of autem, as at of et, the suffix -t being a relic of the demonstrative -tem, which appears in item, and is the same as -dem in quidem, and -dam in quondam, and of which the demonstrative adverbs, tam and tum, are absolute forms; the first part of these words may be compared with the Gr. αὖ> (cf. αὖτε and αὐτάρ), and with the Sanscr. vā = or, with which again may be compared ve and vel; v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 595, and also pp. 130, 223, 411], or; and repeated: aut... aut, either... or; so in Sanscr. vā... vā.
I In gen. it puts in the place of a previous assertion another, objectively and absolutely antithetical to it, while vel indicates that the contrast rests upon subjective opinion or choice; i. e. aut is objective, vel subjective, or aut excludes one term, vel makes the two indifferent.
a Used singly, or: omnia bene sunt ei dicenda, qui hoc se posse profitetur aut eloquentiae nomen relinquendum est, Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5: quibusnam manibus aut quibus viribus, Caes. B. G. 2, 30: Vinceris aut vincis, Prop. 2, 8, 10: cita mors venit aut victoria laeta, Hor. S. 1, 1, 8: ruminat herbas aut aliquam in magno sequitur grege, Verg. E. 6, 55 et persaep. (cf. on the contrary, Tac. G. 8: quae neque confirmare argumentis, neque refellere in animo est: ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem).—
b Repeated, aut ... aut, either... or: Ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni, aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius? Cic. Sen. 16, 57: Nam ejus per unam, ut audio, aut vivam aut moriar sententiam, Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 3,1,11 sq.: aut, quicquid igitur eodem modo concluditur, probabitis, aut ars ista nulla est, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96: partem planitiae aut Jovis templum aut oppidum tenet, Liv. 44, 6, 15: terra in universum aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5: hoc bellum quis umquam arbitraretur aut ab omnibus imperatoribus uno anno aut omnibus annis ab uno imperatore confici posse? Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11,31.—
c More than twice repeated: aut equos Alere aut canes ad venandum, aut ad philosophos, Ter And. 1, 1, 29: Uxor, si cesses, aut te amare cogitat Aut tete amare aut potare atque animo obsequi, id. Ad. 1, 1, 7 sq.; so four times in Lucr. 4, 935 sq.; five times in Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; and Prop. 4, 21, 26 sqq.; and six times in Plin. 17, 10, 9, § 58.—
d Sometimes double disjunctive phrases with aut... aut are placed together: Adsentior Crasso, ne aut de C. Laelii soceri mei aut de hujus generi aut arte aut gloriā detraham, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35: res ipsa et rei publicae tempus aut me ipsum, quod nolim, aut alium quempiam aut invitabit aut dehortabitur, id. Pis. 39, 94.—
e Repeated after negatives: ne aut ille alserit Aut ceciderit atque aliquid praefregerit, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 11: ne tanti facinoris immanitas aut exstitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14; id. Sull. 43; id. Sest. 37; 39: neque enim sunt aut obscura aut non multa post commissa, id. Cat. 1, 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 20, 66; 1, 11, 36; 1, 20, 68; id. de Or. 2, 45, 189: nec milites ad scelus missos aut numero validos aut animo promptos, Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 1, 18; id. Or. 12: nec erit mirabilis illic Aut Stratocles aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo, Juv. 3, 98 sq.: neque aut quis esset ante detexit aut gubernatorem cedere adversae tempestati passus est, Suet. Caes. 58; id. Ner. 34: Nec aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere, Curt. 4, 15, 28: Non sum aut tam inhumanus aut tam alienus a Sardis. Cic. Scaur. 39; id. Cat. 1, 13: Nihil est tam aut fragile aut flexibile quam etc., id. Mil. 36 al.—
f In interrogations: quo modo aut geometres cernere ea potest, quae aut nulla sunt aut internosci a falsis non possunt aut is, qui fidibus utitur, explere numeros et conficere versus? Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 22; so id. de Or. 1, 9, 37; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 118; id. N. D. 1, 43, 121.—
In comparative clauses: talis autem simulatio vanitati est conjunctior quam aut liberalitati aut honestati, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 44.—
II Esp.
A Placed singly, to connect to something more important that which is less so, or at least.
a Absol.: Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, Aut age diversos et dissice corpora ponto, Verg. A. 1, 69 sq. Rib. (furens Juno et irata, quod gravissimum credebat, optavit, deinde quod secundum intulit, Diom. p. 411 P.): quaero, num injuste aut improbe fecerit, or at least unfairly, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 54: a se postulari aut exspectari aliquid suspicantur, id. ib. 2, 20, 69: quā re vi aut clam agendum est, or at least by stealth, id. Att. 10, 12: profecto cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium fidem mutavissent, Sall. J. 56, 6: Audendum est aliquid universis aut omnia singulis patienda, Liv. 6, 18, 7: pars a centurionibus aut praetoriarum cohortium militibus caesi, Tac. A. 1, 30: potentiā suā numquam aut raro ad impotentiam usus, Vell. 2, 29.—
b With certe, etc.,
v. infra, F. 2.—
B To connect something which must take place, if that which is previously stated does not, or, otherwise, or else, in the contrary case, = alioqui: Redduc uxorem, aut quam obrem non opus sit cedo, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 76: id (principium) nec nasci potest nec mori, aut concidat omne caelum etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (Seyffert ad h. l., but preferring ut non; B. and K. and Kühner, vel): nunc manet insontem gravis exitus: aut ego veri Vana feror, Verg. A. 10, 630: effodiuntur bulbi ante ver: aut deteriores fiunt, Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 96: Mutatione recreabitur sicut in cibis... Aut dicant iste mihi, quae sit alia ratio discendi, Quint. 1, 12, 6; 2, 17, 9.—
C To restrict or correct an expression which is too general or inaccurate, or, or rather, or more accurately.
a Absol.: de hominum genere, aut omnino de animalium loquor, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33; 5, 20, 57; id. Ac. 2, 8, 23: Aut scilicet tua libertas disserendi amissa est, aut tu is es, qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, id. Leg. 1, 13, 36: cenaene causā, aut tuae mercedis gratiā Nos nostras aedīs postulas comburere? or rather, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 11.—In this signification aut sometimes begins a new clause: Potestne igitur quisquam dicere, inter eum, qui doleat, et inter eum, qui in voluptate sit, nihil interesse? Aut, ita qui sentiet, non apertissime insaniat? or is not rather, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20: Quid est enim temeritate turpius? Aut quid tam temerarium tamque indignum sapientis gravitate atque constantiā, quam, etc., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—
b With potius (v. infra, F. 4.).—
D Neque ... aut sometimes, but chiefly in the poets, takes the place of neque... neque: Neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam; nec conjugis umquam Praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera veni, Verg. A. 4, 339: Si neque avaritiam neque sordes aut mala lustra Obiciet vere quisquam mihi, Hor. S. 1, 6, 68 Bentl., but ac, K. and H.: Nunc neque te longi remeantem pompa triumphi Excipit aut sacras poscunt Capitolia lauros, Luc. 1, 287: Nam neque plebeiam aut dextro sine numine cretam Servo animam, Stat. S. 1, 4, 66: Neque enim Tyriis Cynosura carinis Certior aut Grais Helice servanda magistris, Val. Fl. 1, 17; so also Tacitus: nec litore tenus adcrescere aut resorberi, Agr. 10; G. 7 ter; H. 1, 32; so after non: Non eo dico, quo mihi veniat in dubium tua fides, aut quo etc., Cic. Quinct. 5: non jure aut legibus cognoscunt, Tac. Or. 19; id. Agr. 41; id. G. 24; after haud: Haud alias populus plus occultae vocis aut suspicacis silentii permisit, id. A. 3, 11; after nihil: nihil caedis aut praedae, id. A. 15, 6; 13, 4; id. H. 1, 30.—
E The poets connect by aut... vel, vel... aut, instead of aut... aut, or vel... vel: Quotiens te votui Argu rippum Conpellare aut contrectare conloquive aut contui? Plaut. As. 3, 1, 19: aut appone dapes, Vare, vel aufer opes, Mart. 4, 78, 6 (this epigram is rejected by Schneid.): Non ars aut astus belli vel dextera deerat, Sil. 16, 32.—
F In connection with other particles.
1 Aut etiam, to complete or strengthen an assertion, or also, or even: quid ergo aut hunc prohibet, aut etiam Xenocratem, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 51: conjectura in multas aut diversas, aut etiam in contrarias partes, id. Div. 2, 26, 55; id. Off. 1, 9, 28: si aut ambigue aut inconstanter aut incredibiliter dicta sunt, aut etiam aliter ab alio dicta, id. Part. Or. 14, 51: etsi omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror, aut etiam nuntiis ac rumore perlata, id. Att. 4, 1.—So with one aut: quod de illo acceperant, aut etiam suspicabantur, Cic. Fam. 1, 19, 36; Cels. 4, 18: si modo sim (orator), aut etiam quicumque sim, Cic. Or. 3, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76.—
2 Aut certe, aut modo, aut quidem, or aut sane, to restrict a declaration, or at least (cf. II. A.).
a Aut certe: ac video hanc primam ingressionem meam aut reprehensionis aliquid, aut certe admirationis habituram, Cic. Or. 3, 11; id. Top. 17, 64: quo enim uno vincebamur a victā Graeciā, id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum, id. Brut. 73, 254; so Dolabella ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1; Liv. 2, 1, 4; 40, 46, 2; Cels. 1, 2; 5, 26; Prop. 4, 21, 29.—
b Aut modo: Si umquam posthac aut amasso Casinam, aut obcepso modo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 22.—
c Aut quidem: Proinde desinant quidam quaerere ultra aut opinari... aut quidem vetustissimā nave impositos jubebo avehi, Suet. Caes. 66.—
d Aut sane: Afer aut Sardus sane, Cic. Scaur. 15.—
3 Aut vero, to connect a more important thought, or indeed, or truly: Quem tibi aut hominem, aut vero deum, auxilio futurum putas? Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 78: Quis enim tibi hoc concesserit, aut initio genus hominum se oppidis moenibusque saepsisse? Aut vero etc., id. de Or. 1, 9, 36.—
4 Aut potius, for correction or greater definiteness, or rather (cf. II. C.): Erravit, aut potius insanivit Apronius? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119: proditores aut potius apertos hostes, id. Sest. 35: nemo est injustus, aut incauti potius habendi sunt improbi, id. Leg. 1, 14, 40: Quae est ergo ista ratio, aut quae potius ista amentia? id. Verr. 3, 173.—
5 Aut ne... quidem: ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto, Cic. Att. 3, 22 fin.!*? Aut regularly precedes the words of its clause, but sometimes in the poets it takes the second place: Saturni aut sacram me tenuisse diem, Tib. 1, 3, 18 Lachm.: justos aut reperire pedes, id. 2, 5, 112: Persequar aut studium linguae etc., Prop. 4, 21, 27: Fer pater, inquit, opem! Tellus aut hisce, vel istam, etc., Ov. M. 1, 545 (Merk., ait): Balteus aut fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus, Luc. 2, 362, where some read haud. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 525-558.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
aut,³ conj., ou, ou bien,
1 lien entre des mots ou des propos.] : nolebas aut non audebas Cic. Quinct. 39, tu ne voulais ou n’osais pas ; quid ego vetera repetam ? aut quid eorum scribarum mentionem faciam ? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 182, à quoi bon remonter à des temps anciens ? ou parler de ces greffiers ? || [plusieurs aut ] : tuus colonus aut vicinus aut cliens aut libertus aut quivis qui... Cic. Cæc. 57, ton fermier ou ton voisin ou ton client ou ton affranchi ou tout autre qui... || [après négat.] : tum neque nomen erat nec honos aut gloria monti Virg. En. 12, 135, ce mont n’avait alors ni un nom ni honneur ou gloire ; nec excursione nec saltu nec eminus hastis aut cominus gladiis uteretur Cic. CM 19, il ne pratiquerait pas la course ni le saut ni le combat de loin avec la lance ou de près avec l’épée ; neque moribus neque lege aut imperio cujusquam regebantur Sall. J. 18, 2, ils n’étaient régis ni par des coutumes ni par des lois ou l’autorité de personne || [fortifié par des particules diverses] : quem ego diem vere natalem hujus urbis aut certe salutarem appellare possum Cic. Fl. 102, ce jour que je puis appeler vraiment le jour de la naissance de cette ville ou du moins celui de son salut ; consules se aut dictatores aut etiam reges sperant futuros Cic. Cat. 2, 19, ils espèrent être consuls ou dictateurs ou même rois ; testis non modo Afer aut Sardus sane, sed... Cic. Scauro 15, un témoin, je ne dis pas seulement Africain ou, si vous voulez, Sarde, mais... ; aut saltem Cæs. C. 1, 6, 2 ; ou à défaut, ou tout au moins ; Catonem quis legit ? aut quis novit omnino ? Cic. Br. 65, Caton, qui le lit ? ou même qui le connaît seulement ? aut potius Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 113, etc., ou plutôt ; aut fortasse Cic. Agr. 2, 51, ou peut-être ; aut denique Cic. Arch. 12, ou enfin ; aut summum Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 129, ou tout au plus
2 ou sinon, ou sans cela, ou autrement : Cic. Clu. 127 ; Agr. 2, 79 ; et tu argentum huic redde aut, nisi id confestim facis, ego te tradam magistratui Nep. Epam. 4, 3, et toi, rends l’argent à cet homme, ou alors, si tu ne le fais sur-le-champ, moi, je te livrerai au magistrat ; nunc manet insontem gravis exitus aut ego veri vana feror Virg. En. 10, 630, mais, sans qu’il l’ait mérité, une fin cruelle l’attend, à moins que je ne sois le jouet d’une trompeuse erreur
3 aut... aut avec valeur disjonctive (= de deux choses l’une, ou bien... ou bien) : aut secundum naturam aut contra Cic. Fin. 3, 53, de façon ou conforme ou contraire à la nature ; aut hoc aut illud ; hoc autem, non igitur illud Cic. Top. 56, c’est ou ceci ou cela ; c’est ceci, donc ce n’est pas cela ; aut dabis aut contra edictum fecisse damnabere Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, ou tu donneras ou tu seras condamné comme ayant enfreint l’édit || le 2e aut restrictif : quæro... num id injuste aut improbe fecerit Cic. Off. 3, 54, je demande si sa conduite n’est pas contraire à la justice ou du moins à la probité ; aut falsa aut certe obscura Cic. de Or. 1, 92, opinion ou fausse ou du moins certainement obscure || après nég. : ut a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo aut otium meum abstraxerit aut voluptas avocarit aut denique... Cic. Arch. 12, de telle façon que, quand il s’est agi de tirer qqn du danger ou de défendre ses intérêts, jamais je n’ai été soit détourné par le souci de mon repos, soit distrait par l’appel du plaisir, soit enfin... ; nemo aut miles aut eques Cæs. C. 3, 61, 2, personne ni fantassin ni cavalier
4 = et : Sall. C. 47, 1, interrogatus quid aut qua de causa consilii habuisset, interrogé sur le but et la cause du projet qu’il avait formé ; Liv. 22, 7, 14.
Latin > German (Georges)
aut, Coni. disiunct. (vgl. griech. αὖ, wieder), oder (wesentlich verschiedene Begriffe trennend), u. aut... aut, entweder... oder (den einen oder den andern Fall ausschließend), I) allein, 1) nach einfach hingestelltem erstem Begriff, a) übh., oder, α) einmal: id ergo est pronuntiatum, quod est verum aut falsum, Cic.: hic vincendum aut moriendum, milites, est, Liv. – mit dem Satze vorstehender Negation, neque vero qui non iisdem rebus movetur naturāque consentit fidus aut stabilis potest esse, Cic.: sine quibus nec intellegi quicquam nec quaeri aut disputari potest, Cic.: nemo tribunos aut plebeios timebat, Liv.: nullos habuit hortos, nullam suburbanam aut maritimam sumptuosam villam, Nep. – in der Frage, erit, inquit Brutus, aut iam est iste, quem exspectas? Cic. – β) zwei- u. mehrmals, oder... oder u.s.f., si (animus) deus aut anima aut ignis est, Cic.: oppidum validum prope siet aut mare aut amnis aut via bona celeberrima, Cato. – b) vom Stärkern zum Geringern herabsteigend, oder auch, oder auch nur, oder doch, oder wenigstens, cuncti aut magna pars, Sall.: quaero num iniuste aut improbe fecerit, Cic.: si (alces) quo afflictae casu conciderunt, erigere sese aut sublevare non possunt, Caes. Vgl. Jordan Cic. Caecin. 39. p. 210. – c) zum allgemeinen aufsteigend, oder überhaupt, nec illa vincula carceris ruperit, sed, tamquam a magistratu aut ab aliqua potestate legitima, sic a deo evocatus atque emissus exierit, Cic.: quid? huic calix mulsi impingendus est, ut plorare desinat, aut aliquid eiusmodi? Cic. – d) berichtigend, verdeutlichend, oder vielmehr, oder genau genommen, de hominum genere aut omnino de animalium loquar, Cic.: quid enim ultra differri aut teri tempus? Liv. Vgl. Fabri Liv. 21, 53, 3. – am Anfange eines Satzes, s. Cic. de nat. deor. 1, 1. – e) bedingend, oder = sonst, widrigenfalls, reduc uxorem, aut quamobrem non opus sit cedo, Ter.: nunc manet insontem gravis exitus, aut ego veri vana feror, Verg.; u. so Cic. de or. 2, 5. Ov. met. 10, 52. Quint. 2, 17, 9. – 2) korrespondierend: a) mit einem vorhergeh. aut, u. zwar: α) aut... aut, entweder... oder, einerseits... andererseits, wo nicht... so doch, wenn nicht... so doch wenigstens, otiosam aetatem et quietam sine ullo aut labore aut contentione traducere, Cic.: cum aut suis finibus eos prohibent aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt, Caes.: aut prodesse volunt aut delectare poëtae, Hor. – zweimal aut... aut in verschiedener Beziehung nebeneinander, ne aut de C. Laelii soceri mei aut de huius generi aut arte aut gloriā detraham, Cic. Vgl. Ellendt Cic. de or. 1, 35. Halm Cic. Sull. 44. – mit einem Satze vorstehender Negation, neque enim sunt aut obscura aut non multa commissa postea, Cic. – in der Frage, num aut ille lanista omnino iam a gladio recessisse videtur aut is discipulus magistro tantulum de arte concedere? Cic. – β) aut... aut... aut, entweder... oder... oder, alii autem aut naturā corporis aut consuetudine dolendi aut metu supplicii ac mortis vim tormentorum pertulerunt, Cic. – b) mit einem vorhergeh. neque (nec)... neque (nec), bei Dichtern der Abwechselung wegen, s. Verg. Aen. 4, 337–339. Hor. carm. 3, 12, 1–3. Hor. sat. 1, 9, 31 sq. – In der Prosa zwar oft aut vor neque... neque, aber mit diesen nicht korrespondierend, s. Cic. ep. 2, 19, 1. Sall. Iug. 18, 2 (u. dazu Kritz). – II) näher motiviert durch eine andere Partikel: aut certe, oder wenigstens, Cic. – so auch aut... aut certe, Cic. – aut saltem, oder wenigstens, Cic. – aut potius, oder vielmehr, Cic. – aut etiam, oder auch, oder gar, Cic. – so auch aut... aut etiam, Cic. – aut vero, oder wohl, oder wohl gar, meist in ironischer Frage, Cic. – aut denique, od. aut... denique, oder endlich, Ter. u. Cic. – aut quidem, oder sicher, Suet. Caes. 66. – aut... vel od. vel... aut, s. Nipperd. Tac. ann. 14, 3.
