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|lnetxt=si CONJ :: if, if only; whether; [quod si => but if; si quis/quid => if anyone/anything] | |||
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{{Lewis | {{Lewis | ||
|lshtext=<b>sī</b>: (orig. and [[ante]]-[[class]]. form seī),<br /><b>I</b> conj. from a pronominal [[stem]] = Gr. ἑ>; Sanscr. sva-, [[self]]; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional [[particle]], if.<br /><b>I</b> Prop.<br /> <b>a</b> With indic.; so in gen., in conditions [[which]] are [[assumed]] to be true, [[with]] the [[verb]] in pres. or perf.; [[less]] freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions [[which]] [[may]] [[probably]] [[become]] true, [[with]] the [[verb]] in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT ... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: [[spero]], si [[speres]] [[quicquam]] [[prodesse]] [[potis]] sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.): si vis, dabo [[tibi]] testes, Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58: si voltis, id. ib. 1, 28, 44: si placet, id. ib. 2, 44, 71; 1, 21, 34: si tuo [[commodo]] fleri potest, id. ib. 1, 9, 14: si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant, id. ib. 1, 18, 30: si [[populus]] plurimum potest, id. ib. 3, 14, 23: si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest [[tamen]], etc., id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35: [[quid]] est, [[Catilina]], [[quod]] jam [[amplius]] exspectes, si nec privata [[domus]] continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia? id. Cat. 1, 3, 6: si [[pudor]] quaeritur, si [[probitas]], si [[fides]], [[Mancinus]] haec attulit, id. Rep. 3, 18, 28: Si quaerimus, [[cur]], etc., id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by [[modo]]: magnifica [[quidem]] res, si [[modo]] est ulla, Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1: deliget [[populus]], si [[modo]] [[salvus]] esse vult, optimum quemque, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: quae ([[virtus]]) est una, si [[modo]] est, [[maxime]] munifica, id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182: si [[quisquam]] est [[facilis]], hic est, id. Att. 14, 1, 2: si ulla res est, [[quam]] [[tibi]] me petente faciendam putes, haec ea [[sit]], id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11: SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae ([[libertas]]), si aequa non est, ne [[libertas]] [[quidem]] est, Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49: id si [[minus]] intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest, id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST ... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.: dicito, si [[quid]] vis, non nocebo, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235: si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: si [[quid]] generis [[istiusmodi]] me delectat, [[pictura]] delectat, id. Fam. 7, 23, 3: si aliquid dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44; [[four]] times [[repeated]], id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. [[after]] mirum est or [[miror]], as expressing [[reality]] (= [[quod]] or cum; cf. Gr. εἰ>): noli mirari, si hoc non impetras, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29: ecquid mirum est, si tam ab [[amico]] [[animo]] pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus? id. 8, 7, 14.— With a [[negative]] [[conclusion]], to [[denote]] [[that]], [[although]] the [[condition]] is true, or is conceded, a [[certain]] [[inference]] does not [[follow]]: nec, si omne [[enuntiatum]] aut [[verum]] aut falsum est, sequitur [[ilico]] esse causas, etc., Cic. Fat. 12, 28: nec. si non obstatur, [[propterea]] [[etiam]] permittitur, id. Phil. 13, 6, 19: si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur [[praemium]] qui inprudens profuit, Quint. 5, 10, 73: nec [[ideo]] [[ignis]] [[minus]] urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis, Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Imperf.: ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias, Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43: si [[quis]] [[antea]] mirabatur, [[quid]] esset, [[quod]], etc., id. Sest. 1.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Perf.: SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. [[talio]], p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37: si [[Roma]] condita est [[secundo]] [[anno]] Olympiadis septimae, etc., id. ib. 2, 10, 18: quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur [[civitas]]: [[sin]] audaces, [[fit]] [[illa]] [[factio]], id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65: si ita sensit, ut loquitur, id. ib. 3, 21, 32; 1, 27, 43: si [[modo]] hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse, id. ib. 2, 12, 24: si [[modo]] in philosophiā aliquid profecimus, id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si [[quis]] eorum (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi [[vitium]] facit, [[Cato]] ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.: si [[quid]] [[sceleste]] fecit, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27: si [[quam]] opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc., Cic. Clu. 2, 6: si [[quando]] regi justo vim [[populus]] attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or [[miror]], to [[express]] a [[reality]] (cf. α, [[supra]]): [[minime]] mirum, si ista res [[adhuc]] nostrā linguā inlustrata non est, Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12: [[quid]] mirum, si haec [[invitus]] amisi? Tac. A. 12, 37: miraris, si eo tempore [[matrona]] dicere potuit, escende? Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1: [[minime]] est mirandum, si [[vita]] ejus fuit secura, Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very [[often]] followed by [[certe]], [[profecto]], etc., to [[express]] a [[conclusion]], as [[certain]] as the [[unquestionable]] [[assumption]]: [[quod]] si fuit in re publicā [[tempus]] ullum, cum, etc., tum [[profecto]] fuit, Cic. Brut. 2, 7: si [[quisquam]] fuit [[umquam]] [[remotus]] ab inani laude, ego [[profecto]] is [[sum]], id. Fam. 15, 4, 13: [[etenim]] si nulla fuit [[umquam]] tam imbecillo [[mulier]] [[animo]], quae, etc., [[certe]] nos, etc., id. Fam. 5, 16, 6: si [[umquam]] in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum [[profecto]], etc., id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. [[with]] a [[negative]] [[conclusion]] (v. α fin. [[supra]], and cf. [[quia]], [[etsi]]): non, si [[tibi]] [[ante]] profuit, [[semper]] proderit, Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12: non, si Opimium defendisti, [[idcirco]] te [[isti]] [[bonum]] civem putabunt, id. de Or. 2, 40, 170: [[neque]] [[enim]], si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, [[idcirco]] [[Pompeii]] memoriam amisimus, id. Deiot. 4, 12: nec, si capitis dolorem facit, [[inutilis]] hominibus sol est, Quint. 5, 10, 82.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38: nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant, Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.): si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut, Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of [[repeated]] [[action]]: plausum si [[quis]] eorum [[aliquando]] acceperat, ne [[quid]] peccasset pertimescebat, [[whenever]], Cic. Sest. 49, 105: si [[quando]] nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant, Caes. B. C. 2, 6: si [[quando]] suis fortunis [[forte]] desperare coeperant, id. B. G. 3, 12.—（ε) Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO ... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, [[comiter]] monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and: [[alte]] spectare si voles, etc., Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25: si jam eminebit [[foras]], id. ib. 6, 26, 29: si me audietis, id. ib. 1, 19, 32: si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95: id persequar, si potero, subtilius, Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. ζ: [[nihil]] (offendet) si [[modo]] [[opus]] exstabit, id. ib. 5, 3, 5: si [[quid]] te volam, ubi eris? Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si [[quod]] aliud οἰκεῖον reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—（ζ) Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.): si nostram rem publicam [[vobis]] et nascentem et crescentem ostendero, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3: tum [[magis]] assentiere, si ad majora pervenero, id. ib. 1, 40, 62: expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris, id. ib. 1, 35, 55; 1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris, id. Lael. 4, 16: accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc. ... [[quod]] si [[tenere]] et consequi potuero, etc., id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so, si potuero, id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21: si potuerit, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: si [[modo]] id exprimere Latine potuero, id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: si [[modo]] interpretari potuero, id. Leg. 2, 18, 45: si ne ei [[caput]] exoculassitis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si [[quid]] vos per laborem recte feceritis ... Sed si quā per voluptatem [[nequiter]] feceritis, etc., [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4: de iis te, si qui me [[forte]] [[locus]] admonuerit, commonebo, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—<br /> <b>b</b> With subj.; so in gen. of conditions [[assumed]] in [[statement]], [[but]] [[implied]] not to be [[actual]]; the [[verb]] in pres. ([[rarely]] perf.) implies [[that]] the [[condition]] is [[still]] [[possible]]; in the imperf. and pluperf., [[that]] it is [[known]] to be [[unreal]] (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Pres.: si habeat [[aurum]], Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12: abire [[hinc]] nullo pacto possim, si velim, id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so, si velim, Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17: cum ipsi [[auxilium]] ferre, si cupiant, non queant, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: si singulos numeremus, id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48: si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem, id. Lael. 3, 10: si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, id. Caecin. 18, 51: si [[quis]] varias gentes despicere possit, videat [[primum]], etc., id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a [[wish]] ([[poet]]. for [[utinam]]), usu. [[with]] O: O si [[angulus]] [[ille]] accedat, qui, etc., Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10: O mihi praeteritos referat si [[Juppiter]] annos, Verg. A. 8, 560; also [[alone]]: si [[nunc]] se nobis [[ille]] [[aureus]] arbore [[ramus]] Ostendat nemore in tanto! would [[that]], [[yet]] if, if [[however]], id. ib. 6, 187: si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu [[Marcellus]] eris, id. ib. 6, 882; cf. β, [[infra]].—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Imperf.: qui si [[unus]] omnia consequi posset, [[nihil]] [[opus]] esset pluribus, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52: quae [[descriptio]] si esset ignota [[vobis]], explicaretur a me, id. ib. 2, 22, 39: si ullum probarem [[simplex]] rei publicae [[genus]], id. ib. 2, 23, 43: [[quod]] non fecissent [[profecto]], si [[nihil]] ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur, id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch ([[twice]]). —Also [[with]] O, expressing a [[wish]] ([[poet]].): O si solitae [[quicquam]] virtutis adesset, Verg. A. 11, 415; and [[without]] O: si mihi, quae [[quondam]] fuerat ... si [[nunc]] foret [[illa]] juventus, id. ib. 5, 398.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam [[data]] [[sit]] [[frux]], Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.): perii, si me aspexerit! Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164: [[victus]] [[sum]], si dixeris, id. ib. 1, 1, 272: Romani si casu intervenerint, Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Pluperf.: si [[aliter]] accidisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7: tum [[magis]] id diceres, si [[nuper]] in hortis Scipionis affuisses, id. Lael. 7, 25: mansisset [[eadem]] [[voluntas]] in eorum posteris, si regum [[similitudo]] permansisset, id. Rep. 1, 41, 64: si id fecisses, id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90: si [[quis]] in [[caelum]] ascendisset, etc., id. Lael. 23, 88: si aliquid de summā [[gravitate]] [[Pompeius]] remisisset, id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—<br /> <b>c</b> Ellipt.<br /> <b>(a)</b> With pron. indef: istae artes, si [[modo]] aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30: aut [[nemo]], aut, si [[quisquam]], [[ille]] [[sapiens]] fuit, id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In a [[negation]], usu. si [[minus]], si [[contra]] (= [[sin]] [[minus]], [[sin]] [[aliter]]): [[plures]] haec tulit una [[civitas]], si [[minus]] sapientes, at [[certe]] summā laude dignos, Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7: educ [[tecum]] omnes tuos: si [[minus]], [[quam]] plurimos, id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this [[sense]] [[less]] freq. si non: [[utrum]] [[cetera]] nomina digesta habes an non? Si non ... si [[etiam]], id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9: si haec [[civitas]] est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc., id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4: hic venit in judicium, si [[nihil]] aliud, [[saltem]] ut, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si [[nihil]] aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28: si aliud [[nihil]], id. 2, 43.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With [[forte]]: intelleges esse [[nihil]] a me [[nisi]] orationis acerbitatem et, si [[forte]], [[raro]] litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam, [[perhaps]], Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.: [[vereor]], ne [[nihil]] sim tui, [[nisi]] supplosionem [[pedis]] [[imitatus]] et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si [[forte]], motum, id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—<br /> <b>2</b> With [[quod]], and if, [[but]] if, if [[however]], if: [[quod]] si in philosophiā [[tantum]] [[interest]] ... [[quid]] [[tandem]] in causis existimandum est? Cic. Or. 16, 51: [[quod]] si fuit in re publicā [[tempus]] ullum ... tum [[profecto]] fuit, id. Brut. 2, 7: [[quod]] si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec [[domus]] ulla nec [[urbs]] [[stare]] poterit, id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7: [[quod]] si non hic [[tantus]] [[fructus]] ostenderetur et si ex his studiis [[delectatio]] sola peteretur: [[tamen]], etc., id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> In [[subject]] or [[object]]-clauses, si [[with]] subj. [[sometimes]] takes the [[place]] of an inf.: [[apud]] Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent, Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: [[summa]] [[gloria]] [[constat]] ex [[tribus]] his; si diligit [[multitudo]], si fidem habet, etc., id. Off. 2, 9, 31: unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum [[auxilium]] experirentur, Caes. B. G. 3, 5: illud ignoscere aequum erit, si ... ne tuam [[quidem]] gloriam praeponam, etc., Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si [[after]] mirum est, I. a. fin. [[supra]]).—<br /> <b>2</b> In subst. clauses, to [[denote]] a [[doubtful]] [[assumption]] or [[future]] [[event]] (cf. [[quod]]): dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si [[postero]] [[die]] [[vindex]] injuriae ad [[tempus]] [[praesto]] esset, Liv. 3, 46: adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si [[Hannibal]] et [[Mago]] ex Italiā non revocarentur, id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—<br /> <b>3</b> Si [[with]] a [[relative]] takes the [[place]] of a [[relative]] [[clause]], to [[express]] a [[class]] the [[existence]] or [[extent]] of [[which]] is [[doubtful]]: mortem proposuit, non eis [[solum]] qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis [[etiam]] si qui non [[moleste]] tulerunt, i. e. if [[such]] [[there]] were, [[whether]] [[few]] or [[many]], Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9: dixit errare, si qui in [[bello]] [[omnis]] secundos rerum [[proventus]] expectent, Caes. B. G. 7, 29: errat, si [[quis]] existimat facilem rem esse donare, Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—<br /> <b>4</b> In syllogistic reasonings: si [[oportet]] velle sapere, [[dare]] operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet [[autem]] velle sapere, etc., Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65: si [[enim]] est [[verum]], [[quod]] ita conectitur: si [[quis]] oriente Caniculā [[natus]] est, in mari non morietur, illud [[quoque]] [[verum]] est: si [[Fabius]] oriente Canicula [[natus]] est, [[Fabius]] in mari non morietur, id. Fat. 6, 12.—<br /> <b>5</b> = [[etiamsi]], [[with]] foll. [[tamen]], [[even]] if, [[although]], [[albeit]] ([[class]].): quae si exsequi nequirem, [[tamen]], etc., Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.: quae si [[causa]] non esset, [[tamen]], etc., id. Mur. 4, 8; and: quae si dubia essent, [[tamen]], etc., Sall. J. 85, 48.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., in [[dependent]] clauses expressing an [[interrogation]] or [[doubt]], it is [[nearly]] = num, [[but]] forms a looser [[connection]], if, [[whether]], if [[perchance]] ([[class]]., [[but]] [[very]] [[rare]] in Cic.): ibo et visam huc ad eum, si [[forte]] est domi, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20: jam sciam, si [[quid]] titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44: fatis incerta feror, si [[Juppiter]] unam Esse velit urbem, Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52: [[primum]] ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in [[totidem]] [[dies]], [[quot]] [[frumentum]] imposuissent, Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50: id [[modo]] quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest, id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.: jam [[dudum]] [[exspecto]], si tuom [[officium]] scias, Plaut. Poen. prol. 12: hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant, Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.: [[Pompeius]] [[eadem]] spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset, id. ib. 3, 75: non recusavit quo [[minus]] vel [[extremo]] spiritu, si [[quam]] opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur, Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398: statui expectandum esse si [[quid]] certius adferretur, id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: [[Philopoemen]] quaesivit si [[Lycortas]] [[incolumis]] evasisset, Liv. 39, 50: expertique [[simul]], si [[tela]] artusque sequantur, Val. Fl. 5, 562: [[Helvetii]] [[nonnumquam]] [[interdiu]], saepius [[noctu]], si perrumpere possent, conati, Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.: temptata res est, si [[primo]] impetu capi [[Ardea]] posset, Liv. 1, 57.—<br /> <b>B</b> With [[ellipsis]] of a [[verb]] or [[clause]] on [[which]] the [[condition]] depends (cf. I. c. [[supra]]): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire (to see) [[whether]] he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37: L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si [[quid]] celeritate itineris proficere possit, to see, to [[try]], Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.: circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent, id. ib. 6, 37: [[fame]] et inopiā adductos [[clam]] ex castris exisse, si [[quid]] frumenti in agris reperire possent, id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56: pergit ad speluncam, si [[forte]] eo vestigia ferrent, Liv. 1, 7: saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere, Verg. A. 9, 512: ad Gonnum [[castra]] movet, si potiri [[oppido]] posset, Liv. 42, 67, 6: [[haud]] aspernatus [[Tullius]], [[tamen]], si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ([[that]] he [[might]] be [[ready]]) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6: milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum [[opus]] esset, id. 27, 28, 5: alii offerunt se, si quo [[usus]] operae [[sit]], id. 26, 9, 9: [[ille]] [[postea]], si [[comitia]] sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ([[that]] he would [[attack]] it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3: Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, [[spes]] [[omnis]] erat, Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9: [[consul]] aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo [[die]] [[hostis]] fudisset, id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si [[fraus]] [[capitalis]] non esset, [[quasi]] poenae [[aestimatio]], Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: [[quattuor]] legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā [[novi]] [[motus]] nuntiarentur, relictae, to [[meet]] the [[case]], [[that]], to be [[ready]], if, etc., Liv. 6, 22: is in armis tenuit militem, si [[opus]] foret [[auxilio]], id. 5, 8: ut patricios [[indignatio]], si cum his gerendus esset [[honos]], deterreret, id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—<br /> <b>B</b> Si ... si, for [[sive]] ... [[sive]], [[whether]] ... or: si [[deus]] si dea es, [[Cato]], R. R. 139; cf.: hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant, Gell. 2, 28, 3. | |lshtext=<b>sī</b>: (orig. and [[ante]]-[[class]]. form seī),<br /><b>I</b> conj. from a pronominal [[stem]] = Gr. ἑ>; Sanscr. sva-, [[self]]; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional [[particle]], if.<br /><b>I</b> Prop.<br /> <b>a</b> With indic.; so in gen., in conditions [[which]] are [[assumed]] to be true, [[with]] the [[verb]] in pres. or perf.; [[less]] freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions [[which]] [[may]] [[probably]] [[become]] true, [[with]] the [[verb]] in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT ... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: [[spero]], si [[speres]] [[quicquam]] [[prodesse]] [[potis]] sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.): si vis, dabo [[tibi]] testes, Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58: si voltis, id. ib. 1, 28, 44: si placet, id. ib. 2, 44, 71; 1, 21, 34: si tuo [[commodo]] fleri potest, id. ib. 1, 9, 14: si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant, id. ib. 1, 18, 30: si [[populus]] plurimum potest, id. ib. 3, 14, 23: si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest [[tamen]], etc., id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35: [[quid]] est, [[Catilina]], [[quod]] jam [[amplius]] exspectes, si nec privata [[domus]] continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia? id. Cat. 1, 3, 6: si [[pudor]] quaeritur, si [[probitas]], si [[fides]], [[Mancinus]] haec attulit, id. Rep. 3, 18, 28: Si quaerimus, [[cur]], etc., id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by [[modo]]: magnifica [[quidem]] res, si [[modo]] est ulla, Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1: deliget [[populus]], si [[modo]] [[salvus]] esse vult, optimum quemque, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: quae ([[virtus]]) est una, si [[modo]] est, [[maxime]] munifica, id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182: si [[quisquam]] est [[facilis]], hic est, id. Att. 14, 1, 2: si ulla res est, [[quam]] [[tibi]] me petente faciendam putes, haec ea [[sit]], id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11: SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae ([[libertas]]), si aequa non est, ne [[libertas]] [[quidem]] est, Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49: id si [[minus]] intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest, id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST ... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.: dicito, si [[quid]] vis, non nocebo, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235: si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: si [[quid]] generis [[istiusmodi]] me delectat, [[pictura]] delectat, id. Fam. 7, 23, 3: si aliquid dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44; [[four]] times [[repeated]], id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. [[after]] mirum est or [[miror]], as expressing [[reality]] (= [[quod]] or cum; cf. Gr. εἰ>): noli mirari, si hoc non impetras, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29: ecquid mirum est, si tam ab [[amico]] [[animo]] pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus? id. 8, 7, 14.— With a [[negative]] [[conclusion]], to [[denote]] [[that]], [[although]] the [[condition]] is true, or is conceded, a [[certain]] [[inference]] does not [[follow]]: nec, si omne [[enuntiatum]] aut [[verum]] aut falsum est, sequitur [[ilico]] esse causas, etc., Cic. Fat. 12, 28: nec. si non obstatur, [[propterea]] [[etiam]] permittitur, id. Phil. 13, 6, 19: si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur [[praemium]] qui inprudens profuit, Quint. 5, 10, 73: nec [[ideo]] [[ignis]] [[minus]] urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis, Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Imperf.: ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias, Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43: si [[quis]] [[antea]] mirabatur, [[quid]] esset, [[quod]], etc., id. Sest. 1.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Perf.: SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. [[talio]], p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37: si [[Roma]] condita est [[secundo]] [[anno]] Olympiadis septimae, etc., id. ib. 2, 10, 18: quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur [[civitas]]: [[sin]] audaces, [[fit]] [[illa]] [[factio]], id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65: si ita sensit, ut loquitur, id. ib. 3, 21, 32; 1, 27, 43: si [[modo]] hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse, id. ib. 2, 12, 24: si [[modo]] in philosophiā aliquid profecimus, id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si [[quis]] eorum (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi [[vitium]] facit, [[Cato]] ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.: si [[quid]] [[sceleste]] fecit, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27: si [[quam]] opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc., Cic. Clu. 2, 6: si [[quando]] regi justo vim [[populus]] attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or [[miror]], to [[express]] a [[reality]] (cf. α, [[supra]]): [[minime]] mirum, si ista res [[adhuc]] nostrā linguā inlustrata non est, Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12: [[quid]] mirum, si haec [[invitus]] amisi? Tac. A. 12, 37: miraris, si eo tempore [[matrona]] dicere potuit, escende? Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1: [[minime]] est mirandum, si [[vita]] ejus fuit secura, Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very [[often]] followed by [[certe]], [[profecto]], etc., to [[express]] a [[conclusion]], as [[certain]] as the [[unquestionable]] [[assumption]]: [[quod]] si fuit in re publicā [[tempus]] ullum, cum, etc., tum [[profecto]] fuit, Cic. Brut. 2, 7: si [[quisquam]] fuit [[umquam]] [[remotus]] ab inani laude, ego [[profecto]] is [[sum]], id. Fam. 15, 4, 13: [[etenim]] si nulla fuit [[umquam]] tam imbecillo [[mulier]] [[animo]], quae, etc., [[certe]] nos, etc., id. Fam. 5, 16, 6: si [[umquam]] in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum [[profecto]], etc., id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. [[with]] a [[negative]] [[conclusion]] (v. α fin. [[supra]], and cf. [[quia]], [[etsi]]): non, si [[tibi]] [[ante]] profuit, [[semper]] proderit, Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12: non, si Opimium defendisti, [[idcirco]] te [[isti]] [[bonum]] civem putabunt, id. de Or. 2, 40, 170: [[neque]] [[enim]], si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, [[idcirco]] [[Pompeii]] memoriam amisimus, id. Deiot. 4, 12: nec, si capitis dolorem facit, [[inutilis]] hominibus sol est, Quint. 5, 10, 82.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38: nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant, Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.): si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut, Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of [[repeated]] [[action]]: plausum si [[quis]] eorum [[aliquando]] acceperat, ne [[quid]] peccasset pertimescebat, [[whenever]], Cic. Sest. 49, 105: si [[quando]] nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant, Caes. B. C. 2, 6: si [[quando]] suis fortunis [[forte]] desperare coeperant, id. B. G. 3, 12.—（ε) Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO ... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, [[comiter]] monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and: [[alte]] spectare si voles, etc., Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25: si jam eminebit [[foras]], id. ib. 6, 26, 29: si me audietis, id. ib. 1, 19, 32: si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95: id persequar, si potero, subtilius, Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. ζ: [[nihil]] (offendet) si [[modo]] [[opus]] exstabit, id. ib. 5, 3, 5: si [[quid]] te volam, ubi eris? Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si [[quod]] aliud οἰκεῖον reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—（ζ) Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.): si nostram rem publicam [[vobis]] et nascentem et crescentem ostendero, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3: tum [[magis]] assentiere, si ad majora pervenero, id. ib. 1, 40, 62: expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris, id. ib. 1, 35, 55; 1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris, id. Lael. 4, 16: accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc. ... [[quod]] si [[tenere]] et consequi potuero, etc., id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so, si potuero, id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21: si potuerit, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: si [[modo]] id exprimere Latine potuero, id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: si [[modo]] interpretari potuero, id. Leg. 2, 18, 45: si ne ei [[caput]] exoculassitis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si [[quid]] vos per laborem recte feceritis ... Sed si quā per voluptatem [[nequiter]] feceritis, etc., [[Cato]] ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4: de iis te, si qui me [[forte]] [[locus]] admonuerit, commonebo, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—<br /> <b>b</b> With subj.; so in gen. of conditions [[assumed]] in [[statement]], [[but]] [[implied]] not to be [[actual]]; the [[verb]] in pres. ([[rarely]] perf.) implies [[that]] the [[condition]] is [[still]] [[possible]]; in the imperf. and pluperf., [[that]] it is [[known]] to be [[unreal]] (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).<br /> <b>(a)</b> Pres.: si habeat [[aurum]], Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12: abire [[hinc]] nullo pacto possim, si velim, id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so, si velim, Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17: cum ipsi [[auxilium]] ferre, si cupiant, non queant, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: si singulos numeremus, id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48: si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem, id. Lael. 3, 10: si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, id. Caecin. 18, 51: si [[quis]] varias gentes despicere possit, videat [[primum]], etc., id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a [[wish]] ([[poet]]. for [[utinam]]), usu. [[with]] O: O si [[angulus]] [[ille]] accedat, qui, etc., Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10: O mihi praeteritos referat si [[Juppiter]] annos, Verg. A. 8, 560; also [[alone]]: si [[nunc]] se nobis [[ille]] [[aureus]] arbore [[ramus]] Ostendat nemore in tanto! would [[that]], [[yet]] if, if [[however]], id. ib. 6, 187: si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu [[Marcellus]] eris, id. ib. 6, 882; cf. β, [[infra]].—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Imperf.: qui si [[unus]] omnia consequi posset, [[nihil]] [[opus]] esset pluribus, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52: quae [[descriptio]] si esset ignota [[vobis]], explicaretur a me, id. ib. 2, 22, 39: si ullum probarem [[simplex]] rei publicae [[genus]], id. ib. 2, 23, 43: [[quod]] non fecissent [[profecto]], si [[nihil]] ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur, id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch ([[twice]]). —Also [[with]] O, expressing a [[wish]] ([[poet]].): O si solitae [[quicquam]] virtutis adesset, Verg. A. 11, 415; and [[without]] O: si mihi, quae [[quondam]] fuerat ... si [[nunc]] foret [[illa]] juventus, id. ib. 5, 398.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam [[data]] [[sit]] [[frux]], Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.): perii, si me aspexerit! Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164: [[victus]] [[sum]], si dixeris, id. ib. 1, 1, 272: Romani si casu intervenerint, Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Pluperf.: si [[aliter]] accidisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7: tum [[magis]] id diceres, si [[nuper]] in hortis Scipionis affuisses, id. Lael. 7, 25: mansisset [[eadem]] [[voluntas]] in eorum posteris, si regum [[similitudo]] permansisset, id. Rep. 1, 41, 64: si id fecisses, id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90: si [[quis]] in [[caelum]] ascendisset, etc., id. Lael. 23, 88: si aliquid de summā [[gravitate]] [[Pompeius]] remisisset, id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—<br /> <b>c</b> Ellipt.<br /> <b>(a)</b> With pron. indef: istae artes, si [[modo]] aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30: aut [[nemo]], aut, si [[quisquam]], [[ille]] [[sapiens]] fuit, id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In a [[negation]], usu. si [[minus]], si [[contra]] (= [[sin]] [[minus]], [[sin]] [[aliter]]): [[plures]] haec tulit una [[civitas]], si [[minus]] sapientes, at [[certe]] summā laude dignos, Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7: educ [[tecum]] omnes tuos: si [[minus]], [[quam]] plurimos, id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this [[sense]] [[less]] freq. si non: [[utrum]] [[cetera]] nomina digesta habes an non? Si non ... si [[etiam]], id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9: si haec [[civitas]] est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc., id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4: hic venit in judicium, si [[nihil]] aliud, [[saltem]] ut, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si [[nihil]] aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28: si aliud [[nihil]], id. 2, 43.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> With [[forte]]: intelleges esse [[nihil]] a me [[nisi]] orationis acerbitatem et, si [[forte]], [[raro]] litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam, [[perhaps]], Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.: [[vereor]], ne [[nihil]] sim tui, [[nisi]] supplosionem [[pedis]] [[imitatus]] et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si [[forte]], motum, id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—<br /> <b>2</b> With [[quod]], and if, [[but]] if, if [[however]], if: [[quod]] si in philosophiā [[tantum]] [[interest]] ... [[quid]] [[tandem]] in causis existimandum est? Cic. Or. 16, 51: [[quod]] si fuit in re publicā [[tempus]] ullum ... tum [[profecto]] fuit, id. Brut. 2, 7: [[quod]] si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec [[domus]] ulla nec [[urbs]] [[stare]] poterit, id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7: [[quod]] si non hic [[tantus]] [[fructus]] ostenderetur et si ex his studiis [[delectatio]] sola peteretur: [[tamen]], etc., id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—<br /> <b>B</b> In partic.<br /> <b>1</b> In [[subject]] or [[object]]-clauses, si [[with]] subj. [[sometimes]] takes the [[place]] of an inf.: [[apud]] Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent, Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: [[summa]] [[gloria]] [[constat]] ex [[tribus]] his; si diligit [[multitudo]], si fidem habet, etc., id. Off. 2, 9, 31: unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum [[auxilium]] experirentur, Caes. B. G. 3, 5: illud ignoscere aequum erit, si ... ne tuam [[quidem]] gloriam praeponam, etc., Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si [[after]] mirum est, I. a. fin. [[supra]]).—<br /> <b>2</b> In subst. clauses, to [[denote]] a [[doubtful]] [[assumption]] or [[future]] [[event]] (cf. [[quod]]): dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si [[postero]] [[die]] [[vindex]] injuriae ad [[tempus]] [[praesto]] esset, Liv. 3, 46: adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si [[Hannibal]] et [[Mago]] ex Italiā non revocarentur, id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—<br /> <b>3</b> Si [[with]] a [[relative]] takes the [[place]] of a [[relative]] [[clause]], to [[express]] a [[class]] the [[existence]] or [[extent]] of [[which]] is [[doubtful]]: mortem proposuit, non eis [[solum]] qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis [[etiam]] si qui non [[moleste]] tulerunt, i. e. if [[such]] [[there]] were, [[whether]] [[few]] or [[many]], Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9: dixit errare, si qui in [[bello]] [[omnis]] secundos rerum [[proventus]] expectent, Caes. B. G. 7, 29: errat, si [[quis]] existimat facilem rem esse donare, Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—<br /> <b>4</b> In syllogistic reasonings: si [[oportet]] velle sapere, [[dare]] operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet [[autem]] velle sapere, etc., Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65: si [[enim]] est [[verum]], [[quod]] ita conectitur: si [[quis]] oriente Caniculā [[natus]] est, in mari non morietur, illud [[quoque]] [[verum]] est: si [[Fabius]] oriente Canicula [[natus]] est, [[Fabius]] in mari non morietur, id. Fat. 6, 12.—<br /> <b>5</b> = [[etiamsi]], [[with]] foll. [[tamen]], [[even]] if, [[although]], [[albeit]] ([[class]].): quae si exsequi nequirem, [[tamen]], etc., Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.: quae si [[causa]] non esset, [[tamen]], etc., id. Mur. 4, 8; and: quae si dubia essent, [[tamen]], etc., Sall. J. 85, 48.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., in [[dependent]] clauses expressing an [[interrogation]] or [[doubt]], it is [[nearly]] = num, [[but]] forms a looser [[connection]], if, [[whether]], if [[perchance]] ([[class]]., [[but]] [[very]] [[rare]] in Cic.): ibo et visam huc ad eum, si [[forte]] est domi, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20: jam sciam, si [[quid]] titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44: fatis incerta feror, si [[Juppiter]] unam Esse velit urbem, Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52: [[primum]] ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in [[totidem]] [[dies]], [[quot]] [[frumentum]] imposuissent, Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50: id [[modo]] quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest, id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.: jam [[dudum]] [[exspecto]], si tuom [[officium]] scias, Plaut. Poen. prol. 12: hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant, Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.: [[Pompeius]] [[eadem]] spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset, id. ib. 3, 75: non recusavit quo [[minus]] vel [[extremo]] spiritu, si [[quam]] opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur, Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398: statui expectandum esse si [[quid]] certius adferretur, id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: [[Philopoemen]] quaesivit si [[Lycortas]] [[incolumis]] evasisset, Liv. 39, 50: expertique [[simul]], si [[tela]] artusque sequantur, Val. Fl. 5, 562: [[Helvetii]] [[nonnumquam]] [[interdiu]], saepius [[noctu]], si perrumpere possent, conati, Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.: temptata res est, si [[primo]] impetu capi [[Ardea]] posset, Liv. 1, 57.—<br /> <b>B</b> With [[ellipsis]] of a [[verb]] or [[clause]] on [[which]] the [[condition]] depends (cf. I. c. [[supra]]): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire (to see) [[whether]] he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37: L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si [[quid]] celeritate itineris proficere possit, to see, to [[try]], Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.: circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent, id. ib. 6, 37: [[fame]] et inopiā adductos [[clam]] ex castris exisse, si [[quid]] frumenti in agris reperire possent, id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56: pergit ad speluncam, si [[forte]] eo vestigia ferrent, Liv. 1, 7: saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere, Verg. A. 9, 512: ad Gonnum [[castra]] movet, si potiri [[oppido]] posset, Liv. 42, 67, 6: [[haud]] aspernatus [[Tullius]], [[tamen]], si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ([[that]] he [[might]] be [[ready]]) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6: milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum [[opus]] esset, id. 27, 28, 5: alii offerunt se, si quo [[usus]] operae [[sit]], id. 26, 9, 9: [[ille]] [[postea]], si [[comitia]] sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ([[that]] he would [[attack]] it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3: Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, [[spes]] [[omnis]] erat, Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9: [[consul]] aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo [[die]] [[hostis]] fudisset, id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si [[fraus]] [[capitalis]] non esset, [[quasi]] poenae [[aestimatio]], Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: [[quattuor]] legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā [[novi]] [[motus]] nuntiarentur, relictae, to [[meet]] the [[case]], [[that]], to be [[ready]], if, etc., Liv. 6, 22: is in armis tenuit militem, si [[opus]] foret [[auxilio]], id. 5, 8: ut patricios [[indignatio]], si cum his gerendus esset [[honos]], deterreret, id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—<br /> <b>B</b> Si ... si, for [[sive]] ... [[sive]], [[whether]] ... or: si [[deus]] si dea es, [[Cato]], R. R. 139; cf.: hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant, Gell. 2, 28, 3. | ||
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Revision as of 15:13, 19 October 2022
Latin > English
si CONJ :: if, if only; whether; [quod si => but if; si quis/quid => if anyone/anything]
Latin > English (Lewis & Short)
sī: (orig. and ante-class. form seī),
I conj. from a pronominal stem = Gr. ἑ>; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.
I Prop.
a With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).
(a) Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT ... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.): si vis, dabo tibi testes, Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58: si voltis, id. ib. 1, 28, 44: si placet, id. ib. 2, 44, 71; 1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest, id. ib. 1, 9, 14: si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant, id. ib. 1, 18, 30: si populus plurimum potest, id. ib. 3, 14, 23: si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc., id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35: quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia? id. Cat. 1, 3, 6: si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit, id. Rep. 3, 18, 28: Si quaerimus, cur, etc., id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo: magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla, Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1: deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica, id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182: si quisquam est facilis, hic est, id. Att. 14, 1, 2: si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit, id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11: SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est, Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49: id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest, id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST ... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.: dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235: si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur, Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12: si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat, id. Fam. 7, 23, 3: si aliquid dandum est voluptati, id. Sen. 13, 44; four times repeated, id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. εἰ>): noli mirari, si hoc non impetras, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29: ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus? id. 8, 7, 14.— With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc., Cic. Fat. 12, 28: nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur, id. Phil. 13, 6, 19: si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit, Quint. 5, 10, 73: nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis, Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—
(b) Imperf.: ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias, Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43: si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc., id. Sest. 1.—
(g) Perf.: SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37: si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc., id. ib. 2, 10, 18: quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio, id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65: si ita sensit, ut loquitur, id. ib. 3, 21, 32; 1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse, id. ib. 2, 12, 24: si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus, id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.: si quid sceleste fecit, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27: si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc., Cic. Clu. 2, 6: si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. α, supra): minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est, Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12: quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi? Tac. A. 12, 37: miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende? Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1: minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura, Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption: quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit, Cic. Brut. 2, 7: si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum, id. Fam. 15, 4, 13: etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc., id. Fam. 5, 16, 6: si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc., id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. α fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi): non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit, Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12: non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt, id. de Or. 2, 40, 170: neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus, id. Deiot. 4, 12: nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est, Quint. 5, 10, 82.—
(d) Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38: nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant, Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.): si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut, Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action: plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat, whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105: si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant, Caes. B. C. 2, 6: si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant, id. B. G. 3, 12.—（ε) Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO ... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and: alte spectare si voles, etc., Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25: si jam eminebit foras, id. ib. 6, 26, 29: si me audietis, id. ib. 1, 19, 32: si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95: id persequar, si potero, subtilius, Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. ζ: nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit, id. ib. 5, 3, 5: si quid te volam, ubi eris? Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud οἰκεῖον reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—（ζ) Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.): si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3: tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero, id. ib. 1, 40, 62: expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris, id. ib. 1, 35, 55; 1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris, id. Lael. 4, 16: accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc. ... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc., id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so, si potuero, id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21: si potuerit, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: si modo id exprimere Latine potuero, id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: si modo interpretari potuero, id. Leg. 2, 18, 45: si ne ei caput exoculassitis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis ... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4: de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—
b With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).
(a) Pres.: si habeat aurum, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12: abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim, id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so, si velim, Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17: cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: si singulos numeremus, id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48: si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem, id. Lael. 3, 10: si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, id. Caecin. 18, 51: si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc., id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish (poet. for utinam), usu. with O: O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc., Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10: O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos, Verg. A. 8, 560; also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto! would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187: si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris, id. ib. 6, 882; cf. β, infra.—
(b) Imperf.: qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52: quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me, id. ib. 2, 22, 39: si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus, id. ib. 2, 23, 43: quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur, id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish (poet.): O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset, Verg. A. 11, 415; and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat ... si nunc foret illa juventus, id. ib. 5, 398.—
(g) Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.): perii, si me aspexerit! Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164: victus sum, si dixeris, id. ib. 1, 1, 272: Romani si casu intervenerint, Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—
(d) Pluperf.: si aliter accidisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7: tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses, id. Lael. 7, 25: mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset, id. Rep. 1, 41, 64: si id fecisses, id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90: si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc., id. Lael. 23, 88: si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset, id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—
c Ellipt.
(a) With pron. indef: istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30: aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit, id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—
(b) In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter): plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos, Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7: educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos, id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non: utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non ... si etiam, id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9: si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc., id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4: hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28: si aliud nihil, id. 2, 43.—
(g) With forte: intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam, perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.: vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum, id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—
2 With quod, and if, but if, if however, if: quod si in philosophiā tantum interest ... quid tandem in causis existimandum est? Cic. Or. 16, 51: quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum ... tum profecto fuit, id. Brut. 2, 7: quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7: quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc., id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—
B In partic.
1 In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.: apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent, Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his; si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc., id. Off. 2, 9, 31: unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur, Caes. B. G. 3, 5: illud ignoscere aequum erit, si ... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc., Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—
2 In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod): dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset, Liv. 3, 46: adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur, id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—
3 Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9: dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent, Caes. B. G. 7, 29: errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare, Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—
4 In syllogistic reasonings: si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc., Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65: si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur, id. Fat. 6, 12.—
5 = etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.): quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc., Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.: quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc., id. Mur. 4, 8; and: quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc., Sall. J. 85, 48.—
II Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.): ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20: jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44: fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem, Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52: primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent, Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50: id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest, id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.: jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias, Plaut. Poen. prol. 12: hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant, Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.: Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset, id. ib. 3, 75: non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur, Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398: statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur, id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset, Liv. 39, 50: expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur, Val. Fl. 5, 562: Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati, Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.: temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset, Liv. 1, 57.—
B With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire (to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37: L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit, to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.: circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent, id. ib. 6, 37: fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent, id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56: pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent, Liv. 1, 7: saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere, Verg. A. 9, 512: ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset, Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit (that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6: milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset, id. 27, 28, 5: alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit, id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. (that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3: Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat, Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9: consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset, id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22: is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio, id. 5, 8: ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret, id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—
B Si ... si, for sive ... sive, whether ... or: si deus si dea es, Cato, R. R. 139; cf.: hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant, Gell. 2, 28, 3.
Latin > French (Gaffiot 2016)
sī² (primt seī), conj., si :
1 [conditionnel, avec ind. ou subj.] si, quand, toutes les fois que, même si, etc. : a) si suscipis causam, conficiam commentarios rerum omnium Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 10, si tu te charges de l’affaire, je rédigerai un mémoire de tous les faits ; tyrannos si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas Cic. Rep. 1, 68, si les bons citoyens écrasent le tyran, la cité renaît ; persequar, si potero Cic. Rep. 2, 42, je poursuivrai, si je puis ; accommodabo, si potuero Cic. Rep. 1, 70, j’adapterai, si je puis ; pergratum mihi feceris, si disputaris Cic. Læl. 16, tu me feras grand plaisir, si tu dissertes... ; b) si quis deus mihi largiatur, ut..., valde recusem Cic. CM 83, si un dieu m’accordait la grâce de..., je refuserais énergiquement ; si ad supplicium ducerere, quid aliud clamitares ? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 166, si tu étais conduit au supplice, que crierais-tu d’autre ? si nihil litteris adjuvarentur, numquam se ad earum studium contulissent Cic. Arch. 16, si les lettres ne leur servaient à rien, jamais ils ne se seraient adonnés à leur étude ; c) si non... at tamen Cic. Or. 103, sinon... du moins ; si minus Cic. Br. 248, sinon, cf. Cic. Rep. 3, 7 ; Cat. 1, 10 ; d) tum demum... si Cic. Nat. 1, 13, alors seulement... si ; ita... si Cic. CM 38, sous cette condition que, cf. Cic. Br. 195 ; si triginta illi... voluissent, num idcirco... Cic. Leg. 1, 42, si les fameux trente avaient voulu..., est-ce que pour cela (s’ensuit-il que) ? non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt Cic. de Or. 2, 170, ce n’est pas une raison, si tu as défendu Opimius, pour que ces gens-là te croient un bon citoyen, cf. Cic. Cæl. 21 ; e) ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio Cic. Att. 16, 13, 1, que je meure, si je ne le dis pas comme je le pense
2 [restrictif] si seulement, si du moins, v. modo, forte || tours elliptiques : aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit Cic. Læl. 9, ou il n’y eut jamais de sage, ou, s’il y en eut un, ce fut lui ; vereor, ne nihil sim tui nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quædam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum Cic. de Or. 3, 47, je crains de n’avoir jamais rien imité de toi que le frappement du pied, certaines expressions en petit nombre et tel ou tel geste, peut-être, cf. Cic. Off. 2, 70 ; si nihil aliud Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 152, à défaut d’autre chose, v. alius
3 = si quidem : si est ita necesse Cic. Br. 4, puisque c’est inévitable, puisqu’il ne peut en être autrement ; v. siquidem
4 si quis = le rel. qui : Alexandro roganti ut diceret, si quid opus esset Cic. Tusc. 5, 92, à Alexandre qui lui demandait de dire ce dont il pouvait avoir besoin ; [si quid ] Off. 3, 3 ; Nat. 3, 9 ; Att. 7, 9, 4 ; 8, 5, 2 ; [si quem, etc. ] : Pl. Capt. 390 ; Cic. Arch. 6 ; 7 ; 12 ; Verr. 2, 1, 9 ; Phil. 13, 39 ; Off. 2, 44 ; Cæs. G. 7, 29, 3
5 [explicatif] : summa gloria constat ex tribus his, si diligit multitudo, si... si... Cic. Off. 2, 31, le plus haut degré de gloire résulte de cette triple condition, que la foule nous aime, que... que..., cf. Off. 1, 67 ; Cæs. G. 3, 5, 2 ; Liv. 3, 46, 6 ; 30, 23, 6 ; 35, 18, 8 ; 41, 23, 5 ; ea quæ multum ab humanitate discrepant, ut si qui in foro cantet Cic. Off. 1, 145, ce qui s’éloigne beaucoup des bonnes manières, comme de chanter sur le forum
6 = etiam si Cic. CM 38 ; Mur. 8 ; etc.
7 [avec subj.] pour le cas où, dans l’hypothèse que, avec l’idée que : equitatum ostentare cœperunt, si ab re frumentaria Romanos excludere possent Cæs. G. 7, 55, 9, ils se mirent à faire des démonstrations de cavalerie dans l’hypothèse qu’ils pourraient empêcher l’approvisionnement des Romains, cf. Cæs. G. 6, 29, 4 ; 6, 37, 4 ; 7, 20, 10 ; C. 3, 55, 1 ; etc. ; Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2 ; Nep. Hann. 8, 1 || surtout après les v. qui signifient attendre, essayer, faire effort, v. exspecto, experior, conor, etc. || [pour le prétendu si interrogatif, v. Gaffiot, 1904 ; Gaffiot, 1908a ; et en gén. sur l’emploi du subj. dans les conditionnelles, v. Gaffiot, 1933, p. 291 sqq.
8 souhait : o si subj. ah ! si ; oh ! si seulement : Virg. En. 8, 560 ; 6, 187 ; Hor. S. 2, 6, 8 || v. siquidem.
Latin > German (Georges)
sī, Coni. (sibiliert aus εἰ), I) als Bedingungspartikel = wenn, wofern, gesetzt den Fall, daß, je nach dem Zusammenhange mit dem Indicat. od. Coniunctiv aller Tempora, 1) im allg.: numquam labere, si te audies, Cic.: si minus, wo nicht, Cic. – verb. quod si, und wenn nun, wenn demnach, zu Anfang eines mit dem Vorhergehenden zusammenhängenden Satzes, s. Cic. Cat. 2, 10; Rosc. com. 54 u.a. – si ne, si non = nisi, Plaut. u. Lucr. – si... si non (auch ohne wiederholtes Verbum), Cic. u.a. – si non... at saltem (doch wenigstens, doch sicherlich), Cic. – si... sive od. si... seu, Komik. (s. Spengel Ter. Andr. 216. Ritschl prolegg. ad Plaut. trin. p. 84 u. 324): si... si = sive... sive, Plaut. capt. 114. Gell. 2, 28, 3. – 2) insbes.: a) zur Angabe der Begründung u. Rechtfertigung = wenn anders, wenn nämlich, delectus habetur, si hic delectus appellandus, Cic.: bellum vobis indictum est, magno eorum malo, qui indixere, si viri estis, Liv. – b) wenn doch, bei Wünschen, si nunc se ostendat! Verg.: dah. o si! o wenn doch! Verg. u. Hor. – c) bei Vergleichungen, ac si, als wenn, gleich als wenn, mit Coniunctiv, Cic. u. Liv.: so auch perinde ac si, s. perinde. – d) zur Angabe eines Zugeständnisses, wenn auch, si omnes deos hominesque celare possimus, Cic. Vgl. Spengel Plaut. truc. 4, 4, 24. Fabri Sall. Iug. 85, 48. – II) in abhängigen Frage- u. Zweifelsätzen, falls = ob, ob wohl etwa, ob vielleicht (wie im griech. εἰ u. in bes. gemütlichen Fällen auch εάν), visam, si domi est, Ter.: conati, si possent etc., Caes.: dicito, si etc., Cic. Vgl. Brix Plaut. capt. prol. 26. Held Caes. b. c. 2, 34, 1. Fritzsche Hor. sat. 2, 5, 87. Zuw. ist der Begriff des Versuchens in Gedanken zu ergänzen (vgl. Held Caes. b. c. 2, 34, 1), equitatum ostentare coeperunt, si ab re frumentaria Romanos excludere possent, (um zu versuchen) ob sie usw., Caes.: castra movet, si... posset etc., (um zu versuchen) ob er usw., Liv. – / arch. sei, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 33; 1, 196, 28; 14, 3572 u. ö. Plaut. Men. 238 u. merc. 526 cod. A u. ö. Lucr. 5, 38 L. Catull. 39, 2 LM. u. Schw.
