αἰών: Difference between revisions
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|txtha=(ῶνος, ὁ (as if Αιε — poetic for ἀεί — ὤν, so teaches Aristotle, de caelo 1,11, 9, vol. i., p. 279{a} 27; (so Proclus book iv. in Plato, Timaeo, p. 241; and others); but more probable is the conjecture (cf. Etym. Magn. 41,11) that αἰών is so connected with ἄημι to breathe, blow, as to denote properly that which causes life, vital | |txtha=(ῶνος, ὁ (as if Αιε — poetic for [[ἀεί]] — ὤν, so teaches [[Aristotle]], de caelo 1,11, 9, vol. i., p. 279{a} 27; (so Proclus [[book]] iv. in [[Plato]], Timaeo, p. 241; and others); [[but]] [[more]] [[probable]] is the [[conjecture]] (cf. Etym. Magn. 41,11) [[that]] [[αἰών]] is so [[connected]] [[with]] [[ἄημι]] to [[breathe]], [[blow]], as to [[denote]] [[properly]] [[that]] [[which]] causes [[life]], [[vital]] [[force]]; cf. Harless on [[αἰών]] (= αἰϝών) is [[now]] [[generally]] [[connected]] [[with]] [[αἰεί]], [[ἀεί]], Sanskrit evas (aivas), Latin aevum, Goth. aivs, German ewig, English [[aye]], [[ever]]; cf. [[Curtius]], § 585; Fick, Part i., p. 27; Vanicek, p. 79; Benfey, Wurzellex, i., p. 7f; Schleicher, Compend. edition 2, p. 400; Pott, Etymologicum Forsch., edition 2,2:2, p. 442; Ebeling, Lex. [[Homer]] [[under]] the [[word]]; Liddell and Scott, [[under]] the [[word]] [[ἀεί]]; Cremer, edd, 2,3 ,4 ([[although]] in edition 1he agreed [[with]] Prof. Grimm); Pott and Fick, [[however]], [[connect]] it [[with]] Sanskrit ayus [[rather]] [[than]] evas, [[although]] [[both]] these forms are [[derived]] from i to go ([[see]] Pott, Sehleicher, Fick, Vanicek, as [[above]]).) In Greek authors:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[age]] (Latin aevum, [[which]] is [[αἰών]] [[with]] the Aeolic digamma), a [[human]] [[lifetime]] (in [[Homer]], [[Herodotus]], [[Pindar]], Tragic poets), [[life]] itself ([[Homer]] Iliad 5,685 με [[καί]] λίποι [[αἰών]] etc.).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> an [[unbroken]] [[age]], [[perpetuity]] of [[time]], [[eternity]], ([[Plato]], Tim., p. 37d. 38a.; Tim. Locr., p. 97d. (quoted [[below]]); [[Plutarch]], others). With [[this]] [[signification]] the [[Hebrew]] and rabbinical [[idea]] of the [[word]] עולָם (of [[which]] in the Sept. [[αἰών]] is the equivalent) combines in the Biblical and ecclesiastical writings Hence, in the N. T. used:<br /><b class="num">1.</b><br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[universally]]: in the phrases [[εἰς]] [[τόν]] αἰῶνα, לְעולָם (forever, [[εἰς]] [[τόν]] αἰῶνα [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος, Alexandrian LXX, cf. Winer's Grammar, § 36,22 ([[εἰς]] αἰῶνα, [[εἰς]] ἡμέραν αἰῶνος [[unto]] the [[day]] [[which]] is [[eternity]] (genitive of apposition), [[never]], [[not]] for [[ever]], [[not]] [[always]], [[εἰς]] [[τούς]] αἰῶνας, [[unto]] the ages, i. e., as [[long]] as [[time]] shall be (the plural denotes the [[individual]] ages whose [[sum]] is [[eternity]]): (R G Tr WH); [[εἰς]] πάντας [[τούς]] αἰῶνας, [[εἰς]] [[τούς]] αἰῶνας [[τῶν]] αἰώνων (in [[which]] [[expression]] the [[endless]] [[future]] is divided up [[into]] [[various]] periods, the shorter of [[which]] are comprehended in the [[longer]] (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 36,2; [[among]] the [[various]] phrases to [[express]] [[duration]] [[composed]] of [[this]] [[word]] [[with]] preposition or adjuncts ([[which]] to the [[number]] of [[more]] [[than]] [[fifteen]] are to be [[found]] in the Sept., cf. Vaughan on L T); [[εἰς]] αἰῶνας αἰώνων, ὁ [[αἰών]] [[τῶν]] αἰώνων the ([[whole]]) [[age]] embracing the (shorter) ages, [[ἀπό]] [[τῶν]] αἰώνων from the ages [[down]], from [[eternity]], [[πρό]] [[τῶν]] αἰώνων [[before]] [[time]] [[was]], [[before]] the [[foundation]] of the [[world]], [[πρόθεσις]] [[τῶν]] αἰώνων [[eternal]] [[purpose]], [[ἀπό]] [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος (מֵעולָם from the [[most]] [[ancient]] [[time]] [[down]] ([[within]] the [[memory]] of [[man]]), from of [[old]], οἱ πατέρες [[ἡμῶν]] [[ἀπό]] [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος; Longinus, 34 [[τούς]] ἀπ' αἰῶνος ῥήτορας); [[also]] ἐκ [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος, Diodorus 4:83 of the [[temple]] of [[Venus]] [[τήν]], ἐξ αἰῶνος [[ἀρχήν]] λαβόν, 17,1 [[τούς]] ἐξ αἰῶνος βασιλεῖς (excerpt. de legat, xl.), p. 632 [[τήν]] ἐξ αἰῶνος παραδεδομένην ἐλευθερίαν).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> by metonymy of the container for the contained, οἱ αἰῶνες denotes the worlds, the [[universe]], i. e. the aggregate of things contained in [[time]] (on the plural cf. Winer s Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 24 (21)): WH [[text]]; cf. [[Philo]] de [[plant]]. Noe § 12twice; de mundo § 7; Josephus, Antiquities 1,18, 7; Clement of [[Rome]], 1 Corinthians 61,2 [ET]; 35,3 [ET] ([[πατήρ]] [[τῶν]] αἰώνων); 55,6 [ET] (Θεός [[τῶν]] αἰώνων); Apostolic Constitutions 7,34; [[see]] Abbot in Journal Society for Biblical Literature etc. i., p. 106n.). So [[αἰών]] in οἱ αἰῶνες in the Fathers, equivalent to the [[world]] of [[mankind]], e. g. Ignatius ad Ephesians 19,2 [ET]):<br /><b class="num">3.</b> As the Jews [[distinguished]] הַזֶּה הָעולָם the [[time]] [[before]] the Messiah, and הַבָּא הַעולָם, the [[time]] [[after]] the [[advent]] of the Messiah (cf. Riehm, Lehrb. d. Hebraerbr., p. 204ff; (Schürer, § 29,9)), so [[most]] of the N. T. writers [[distinguish]] ὁ [[αἰών]] [[οὗτος]] [[this]] [[age]] ([[also]] [[simply]] ὁ [[αἰών]], G L T Tr WH; ὁ ἐνεστὼς [[αἰών]], ὁ [[νῦν]] [[αἰών]], [[παρουσία]], [[which]] [[see]]), the [[period]] of [[instability]], [[weakness]], [[impiety]], [[wickedness]], [[calamity]], [[misery]] — and [[αἰών]] μέλλων the [[future]] [[age]] ([[also]] ὁ [[αἰών]] [[ἐκεῖνος]], ὁ [[αἰών]] ὁ ἐρχόμενος, οἱ αἰῶνες οἱ ἐπερχόμενοι, Romans , vol. 3:22f. Hence, the things of '[[this]] [[age]]' are mentioned in the N. T. [[with]] [[censure]]: ὁ [[αἰών]] [[οὗτος]], by metonymy, men controlled by the thoughts and pursuits of [[this]] [[present]] [[time]], υἱοί [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος [[τούτου]] in [[κατά]] [[τόν]] αἰῶνα [[τοῦ]] κόσμου [[τούτου]] [[conformably]] to the [[age]] to [[which]] [[this]] ([[wicked]]) [[world]] belongs, Trench, § 59 [[under]] the [[end]]); ἀγαπᾶν [[τόν]] [[νῦν]] αἰῶνα, [[ἀγαπάω]]); ἀρχόντων [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος [[τούτου]], [[ἄρχων]]); ὁ Θεός [[τοῦ]] αἰ. [[τούτου]], the [[devil]], [[who]] rules the thoughts and deeds of the men of [[this]] [[age]], αἱ μέριμναι [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος, the anxieties for the things of [[this]] [[age]], [[πλούσιος]] ἐν τῷ [[νῦν]] αἰῶνι, [[rich]] in [[worldly]] [[wealth]], [[σοφία]] ... [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος [[τούτου]] [[such]] [[wisdom]] as belongs to [[this]] [[age]] — [[full]] of [[error]], [[arrogant]], [[hostile]] to the gospel, [[συζητητής]] [[τοῦ]] αἰ. [[τούτου]], disputer, [[sophist]], [[such]] as we [[now]] [[find]] him, [[συντέλεια]] [[τοῦ]] αἰ. τούτ., the [[end]], or [[rather]] [[consummation]], of the [[age]] [[preceding]] Christ's [[return]], [[with]] [[which]] [[will]] be [[connected]] the [[resurrection]] of the [[dead]], the [[last]] [[judgment]], the [[demolition]] of [[this]] [[world]] and its [[restoration]] to a [[more]] [[excellent]] [[condition]] (cf. 4Esdr. 7:43 [ [[συντέλεια]] [[τῶν]] αἰώνων in Test xii. Patr., [[test]]. Levi 10, [[test]]. Benj. 11 (cf. Vorstman, p. 133)); τά τέλη [[τῶν]] αἰώνων the ends ([[last]] [[part]]) of the ages [[before]] the [[return]] of Christ, δυνάμεις [[τοῦ]] μέλλοντος αἰῶνος, powers [[which]] [[present]] [[themselves]] from the [[future]] or [[divine]] [[order]] of things, i. e., the Holy Spirit, [[τοῦ]] αἰῶνος ἐκείνου [[τυχεῖν]], to partake of the blessings of the [[future]] [[age]], [[αἰών]]. (On the [[word]] in its [[relation]] to [[κόσμος]] [[see]] Trench, § 59: Its biblical [[sense]] and its [[relation]] to עולָם are discussed by Stuart, Exeget. Essays on Words relating to Future Punishment, Andover, 1830 (and Presbyterian Publishing Committee, Philadelphia); Tayler Lewis in Lange's Commentary on Ecclesiastes , pp. 44-51; J. W. Hanson, Aion-Aionios (pp. 174), Chicago, 1880. See [[especially]] E. Abbot, Literature of the Doctrine of a Future Life, etc. (New York, 1867), Index of subjects, [[under]] the [[word]] For its meanings in ecclesiastical writings [[see]] Suicer, Thesaurus Eccl. i. Colossians 140ff, cf. ii. Colossians 1609; Huet, Origeniana (Appendix to Vol. iv. of De la Rue's Origen) [[book]] ii. c. ii. quaest. 11, § 26. Its [[use]] in [[Homer]], [[Hesiod]], [[Pindar]], [[Aeschylus]], [[Sophocles]], [[Euripides]], [[Aristotle]], [[Plato]], Tim. Locr., is exhibited in [[detail]] by E. S. Goodwin in the Christ. Exam. for March and May, 1831, March and May, 1832. "On [[αἰών]] as the [[complete]] [[period]], [[either]] of [[each]] [[particular]] [[life]] or of [[all]] [[existence]], [[see]] [[Aristotle]], cael. 1,9, 15; on [[αἰών]] and [[χρόνος]], cf. [[Philo]] (quis rer. div. her. § 34) i. 496,18f; (de mut. nom. § 47) i. 619,10f." Liddell and Scott, edition 6; [[see]] [[also]] [[Philo]] de alleg. [[leg]]. iii. 8; quod deus immut. § 6 at the [[end]]; de [[secular]] § 11; de praem, et poen. § 15; and (de mund, opif. § 7) [[especially]] J. G. Muller, [[Philo]]'s Lehre v. d. Weltschopfung, p. 168 (Berl. 1864). Schmidt ([[chapter]] 44) gives the [[distinction]], for [[substance]], as follows: [[both]] words [[denote]] the [[abstract]] [[idea]] of [[time]] and [[with]] [[special]] [[reference]] to its [[extent]] or [[duration]]; [[χρόνος]] is the [[general]] [[designation]] for [[time]], [[which]] [[can]] be divided up [[into]] portions, [[each]] of [[which]] is in its [[turn]] a [[χρόνος]]; on the [[other]] [[hand]], [[αἰών]], [[which]] in the [[concrete]] and [[simple]] [[language]] of [[Homer]] ([[Pindar]] and the Tragedians) denotes the [[allotted]] [[lifetime]], [[even]] the [[life]], of the [[individual]] (Iliad 4,478 [[μινυνθάδιος]] δέ οἱ [[αἰών]] etc.), in Attic [[prose]] differs from [[χρόνος]] by denoting [[time]] [[unlimited]] and [[boundless]], [[which]] is [[not]] conceived of as [[divisible]] [[into]] αἰῶνες ([[contrast]] [[here]] biblical [[usage]] and [[see]] [[below]]), [[but]] [[rather]] [[into]] χρόνοι. In philosophical [[speech]] it is [[without]] [[beginning]] [[also]]. Cf. Tim. Locr. 97c. d. χρόνῳ δέ τά μέρεα τάσδε τάς περιόδως λέγοντι, ἅς ἐκόσμησεν ὁ Θεός [[σύν]] κόσμῳ. Οὐ [[γάρ]] ἦν [[πρό]] κόσμῳ ἄστρα. Διόπερ οὐδ' [[ἐνιαυτός]] ὀυδ' ὠρᾶν περίοδοι, αἷς μετρηταί ὁ γεννατὸς [[χρόνος]] [[οὗτος]]. Ἑικών δέ ἐστι τῷ ἀγεννάτω χρόνῳ, ὅν αἰῶνα ποταγορεύομες. ὡς [[γάρ]] ποτ' ἀΐδιον [[παράδειγμα]], [[τόν]] ἰδανικὸν κόσμον, [[ὅδε]] ὁ [[ὠρανός]] ἐγεννάθη, [[οὕτως]] ὡς [[πρός]] [[παράδειγμα]], [[τόν]] αἰῶνα, [[ὅδε]] ὁ [[χρόνος]] [[σύν]] κόσμῳ ἐδαμιουργήθη — [[after]] [[Plato]], Timaeus, p. 37d. ([[where]] [[see]] Stallbaum's [[note]] and references); Isocrates 8,34 [[τούς]] εὐσεβείας [[καί]] δικαιοσύνης ζῶντας (ὁρῶ) ἐν τέ τοῖς παροῦσι χρόνοις [[ἀσφαλῶς]] διάγοντας [[καί]] [[περί]] [[τοῦ]] σύμπαντος αἰῶνος ἡδίους τάς ἐλπίδας ἔχοντας. The adjective [[ἄχρονος]] [[independent]] of [[time]], [[above]] and [[beyond]] [[all]] [[time]], is [[synonymous]] [[with]] [[αἰώνιος]]; [[where]] [[time]] ([[with]] its subdivisions and limitations) ends [[eternity]] begins: Nonnus, metaph, evang. Johan. 1:1, [[ἄχρονος]] ἦν, [[ἀκίχητος]], ἐν ἀρρήτω [[λόγος]] [[ἀρχή]]. Thoroughly Platonic in [[cast]] are the definitions of Gregory of Nazianzus (orat. xxxviii. 8) [[αἰών]] [[γάρ]] [[οὔτε]] [[χρόνος]] [[οὔτε]] χρόνου τί [[μέρος]]. Οὐδέ [[γάρ]] μετρητόν, ἀλλ' [[ὅπερ]], [[ἡμῖν]] ὁ [[χρόνος]] ἡλίου [[φορά]] μετρούμενος, [[τοῦτο]] τοῖς ἀϊδίοις [[αἰών]], τό συμπαρεκτεινόμενον τοῖς οὖσιν [[οἷον]] τί χρονικὸν [[κίνημα]] [[καί]] [[διάστημα]] (Suicer as [[above]]). So Clement of [[Alexandria]], strom., i. 13, p. 756a., Migne edition, ὁ γ' [[οὖν]] [[αἰών]] [[τοῦ]] χρόνου τό μέλλον [[καί]] τό ἐνεστὼς, [[αὐτάρ]] δή [[καί]] τό παρωχηκος ἀκαριαιὼς συνίστησι. Instances from [[extra]]-biblical writings of the [[use]] of [[αἰών]] in the plural are: [[τόν]] ἀπ' αἰώνων μύθον, Anthol. vol iii., [[part]] ii., p. 55, Jacobs edition; [[εἰς]] αἰῶνας, ibid. vol. iv. epigr. 492; ἐκ περιτροπῆς αἰώνων, Josephus, b. j. 3,8, 5; [[εἰς]] αἰῶνας διαμενεῖ, Sextus Empiricus, adv. Phys. i. 62. The discussions [[which]] [[have]] been [[raised]] [[respecting]] the [[word]] [[may]] [[give]] [[interest]] to [[additional]] references to its [[use]] by [[Philo]] and Josephus. [[Philo]]: ὁ [[πᾶς]] ([[ἅπας]], [[σύμπας]]) or [[πᾶς]] (etc.) ὁ [[αἰών]]: de alleg. [[leg]]. iii. § 70; de cherub. § I (a [[noteworthy]] [[passage]], cf. de congressu ernd. § 11and references [[under]] the [[word]] [[θάνατος]]); de sacrif. Ab. et Caini § 11; quod det. [[pot]]. § 48; quod deus immut. § 1, § 24; de plantat. § 27; de sobrietate § 13; de migr. Abr. § 2; de [[secular]] § 9; de mut. nom. § 34; de somn. ii., § 15, § 31, § 38; de legat. ad Gaium § 38; (ὁ) [[μακρός]] [[αἰών]]: de sacrif. Ab et Caini § 21; de ebrietate § 47; de [[secular]] § 20; [[αἰών]] [[μήκιστος]]: de sobrietate § 5; de [[secular]] § 21; ὁ [[ἄπειρος]] [[αἰών]]: de legat, ad Gaium § 11; ὁ [[ἔμπροσθεν]] [[αἰών]]: de praem, et. poen. § 6; [[αἰών]] [[πολύς]]: de Abrah. § 46; [[τίς]] [[αἰών]]: de merc. meretr. § 1; δἰ [[αἰών]]: de cherub. § 26; de plantat. § 27; [[εἰς]] [[τόν]] [[αἰών]]: de gigant. § 5; ἐν (τῷ) αἰώνω: de mut. nom. § 2 ([[twice]]) ([[note]] the [[restriction]]); quod deus immut. § 6; ἐξ [[αἰών]]: de somn. 1 § 3; ἐπ' αἰῶνος: de plantat. § 12 ([[twice]]); de mundo § 7; [[πρό]] αἰῶνος: de mut. nom. § 2; [[πρός]] αἰ.: de mut. nom. § 11; (ὁ) [[αἰών]]: de [[secular]] § 18; de alleg. [[leg]]. iii. § 70; de cherub. § 22; de migr. Abr. § 22; de somn. i., § 18, § 22; de Josepho § 5; de vita Moys. ii. § 3; de decalogo § 14; de victimis § 3; [[fragment]] in Mang. 2:660 (Richter vi., p. 219); de plantat. § 12 (bis); de mundo § 7. Josephus: (ὁ) [[πᾶς]] [[αἰών]]: Antiquities 1,18, 7; 3,8, 10; contra Apion 2,11, 3; 2,22, 1; [[μακρός]] [[αἰών]]: Antiquities 2,7, 3; [[πολύς]] [[αἰών]]: contra Apion 2,31, 1; [[τοσοῦτος]] [[αἰών]]: contra Apion 1,8, 4; [[πλῆθος]] αἰῶνος: Antiquities prooem. § 3; ἀπ' αἰῶνος: b. j. prooem. § 4; δἰ αἰῶνος: Antiquities 1,18, 8; 4,6, 4; b. j. 6,2, 1; [[εἰς]] ([[τόν]]) αἰωνον: Antiquities 4,8, 18; 5,1, 27; 7,9, 5; 7,14, 5; ἐξ αἰωνον: b. j. 5,10, 5; (ὁ) [[αἰών]]: Antiquities 19,2, 2; b. j. 1,21, 10; plural ([[see]] [[above]]) 3,8, 5. See [[αἰώνιος]].) | ||
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Revision as of 16:58, 28 August 2017
English (LSJ)
ῶνος, ὁ, Ion. and Ep. also ἡ, as in Pi.P.4.186, E.Ph.1484: apocop. acc. αἰῶ,
A like Ποσειδῶ, restored by Ahrens (from AB363) in A.Ch.350: (properly αἰϝών, cf. aevum, v. αἰεί):—period of existence (τὸ τέλος τὸ περιέχον τὸν τῆς ἑκάστου ζωῆς χρόνον . . αἰὼν ἑκάστου κέκληται Arist.Cael.279a25): I lifetime, life, ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών Il.16.453; ἐκ δ' αἰ. πέφαται Il.19.27; μηδέ τοι αἰ. φθινέτω Od.5.160; λείπει τινά Il.5.685; ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο (Zenod. νέον) 24.725; τελευτᾶν τὸν αἰῶνα Hdt.1.32, etc.; αἰῶνος στερεῖν τινά A.Pr.862; αἰῶνα διοιχνεῖν Id.Eu.315; συνδιατρίβειν Cratin. 1; αἰ. Αἰακιδᾶν, periphr. for the Aeacidae, S.Aj.645 s. v. l.; ἀπέπνευσεν αἰῶνα E.Fr.801; ἐμὸν κατ' αἰῶνα A.Th.219. 2 age, generation, αἰ. ἐς τρίτον ib.744; ὁ μέλλων αἰών posterity, D.18.199, cf. Pl.Ax.370c. 3 one's life, destiny, lot, S.Tr.34, E.Andr.1215, Fr.30, etc. II long space of time, age, αἰὼν γίγνεται 'tis an age, Men.536.5; esp. with Preps., ἀπ' αἰῶνος of old, Hes.Th.609, Ev.Luc.1.70; οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰ. Ῥωμαῖοι D.C. 63.20; δι' αἰῶνος perpetually, A.Ch.26, Eu.563; all one's life long, S. El.1024; δι' αἰῶνος μακροῦ, ἀπαύστου, A.Supp.582,574; τὸν δι' αἰ. χρόνον for ever, Id.Ag.554; εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν αἰ. Lycurg.106, Isoc.10.62; εἰς τὸν αἰ. LXX Ge.3.23, al., D.S.21.17, Ev.Jo.8.35, Ps.-Luc. Philopatr.17; εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος LXX Ps.131(132).14; ἐξ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως αἰῶνος ib.Je.7.7; ἐπ' αἰ. ib.Ex.15.18; ἕως αἰῶνος ib.1 Ki.1.22, al.:— without a Prep., τὸν ἅπαντα αἰ. Arist. Cael.279a22; τὸν αἰῶνα Lycurg. 62, Epicur.Ep.1p.8U.; eternity, opp. χρόνος, Pl.Ti.37d, cf. Metrod. Fr.37, Ph.1.496,619, Plot.3.7.5, etc.; τοὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους Epicur.Sent.20. 2 space of time clearly defined and marked out, epoch, age, ὁ αἰὼν οὗτος this present world, opp. ὁ μέλλων, Ev.Matt.13.22, cf. Ep.Rom.12.2; ὁ νῦν αἰ. 1 Ep.Tim.6.17, 2 Ep.Tim.4.10:—hence in pl., the ages, i.e. eternity, Phld.D.3 Fr.84; εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰ. LXX To.13.4; εἰς τοὺς αἰ.ib.Si.45.24, al., Ep.Rom.1.25, etc.; εἰς τοὺς αἰ. τῶν αἰώνων LXX 4 Ma.18.24, Ep.Phil.4.20, etc.; ἀπὸ τῶν αἰ., πρὸ τῶν αἰ., Ep.Eph.3.9, 1Cor.2.7; τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰ. ib.10.11. 3 Αἰών, ὁ, personified, Αἰὼν Χρόνου παῖς E.Heracl.900 (lyr.), cf. Corp.Herm.11, etc.; as title of various divine beings, Dam.Pr.151, al.; esp.=Persian Zervan, Suid. s.v. Ἡρασκος. 4 Pythag., = 10, Theol.Ar.59. B spinal marrow (perh. regarded as seat of life), h.Merc 42, 119, Pi.Fr.111, Hp.Epid.7.122; perh. also Il.19.27.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ῶνος (ὁ, poét. ἡ)
temps :
1 durée de la vie, vie ; destinée, sort : τὸ δὲ μετ’ εὐτυχίαν κακοῦσθαι θνατοῖς βαρὺς αἰών EUR subir le malheur après la prospérité, voilà un sort pénible pour les mortels;
2 temps, éternité : δι’ αἰῶνος dans le cours des âges;
3 âge, génération, monde : ὁ μέλλων αἰών DÉM les âges à venir, la postérité.
Étymologie: p. *αἰϜών ; cf. lat. aevum.
English (Autenrieth)
ῶνος (cf. aevum), m., fem. Il. 22.58: lifetime, life.
English (Slater)
αἰών (ὁ, ἡ. αἰών, -ῶνος, -ῶνα)
a span, course of life αἰὼν δ' ἔφεπε μόρσιμος (O. 2.10) ἄδακρυν νέμονται αἰῶνα (O. 2.67) μὴ καθέλοι μιν αἰὼν πότμον ἐφάψαις ὀρφανὸν γενεᾶς (O. 9.60) αἰὼν δ' ἀσφαλὴς οὐκ ἔγεντ οὔτ Αἰακίδᾳ παρὰ Πηλεῖ οὔτε (P. 3.86) τὰν ἀκίνδυνον παρὰ ματρὶ μένειν αἰῶνα πέσσοντ (P. 4.186) κλυτᾶς αἰῶνος ἀκρᾶν βαθμίδων ἄπο (P. 5.7) λαμπρὸν φέγγος ἔπεστιν ἀνδρῶν καὶ μείλιχος αἰών (P. 8.97) νιν εὐθυπομπὸς αἰὼν ταῖς μεγάλαις δέδωκε κόσμον Ἀθάναις (N. 2.8) ἐλᾷ δὲ καὶ τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς ὁ θνατὸς αἰών (N. 3.75) ἐκ πόνων δ' τελέθει πρὸς γῆρας αἰὼν ἡμέρα (N. 9.44) ἐπεὶ τούτον, ἢ πάμπαν θεὸς ἔμμεναι οἰκεῖν τοὐρανῷ, εἵλετ' αἰῶνα Πολυδεύκης (N. 10.59) αἰὼν δὲ κυλινδομέναις ἁμέραις ἄλλ' ἄλλοτ ἐξ ἄλλαξεν (I. 3.18) ἕκαλος ἔπειμι γῆρας ἔς τε τὸν μόρσιμον αἰῶνα (I. 7.42) δόλιος γὰρ αἰὼν ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κρέμαται (I. 8.14) πολύ τοι φέριστον ἀνδρὶ τερπνὸς αἰών fr. 126. 2. ζωὸν δ' ἔτι λείπεται αἰῶνος εἴδωλον existence fr. 131b. 2. ἰσοδένδρου τέκμαρ αἰῶνος θεόφραστον λαχοῖσα (sc. a Dryad nymph.) fr. 165.
b marrow αἰὼν δὲ δἰὀστέων ἐρραίσθη fr. 111. 5.
English (Abbott-Smith)
αἰών, -ῶνος, ὁ, [in LXX chiefly for עַד ,עוֹלָם;]
1.in cl., like Lat. aevum (LS, MM, VGT, s.v.), a space of time, as, a lifetime, generation, period of history, an indefinitely long period; in NT of an indefinitely long period, an age, eternity, usually c. prep. (MM, VGT);
(a)of the past: ἀπ’ αἰ. (cf. Heb. מֵעוֹלָם), Lk 1:70;
(b)of the future: εἰς τ. αἰ. (cf. לְעוֹלָם), forever, Mt 21:19; id., c. neg., never, Jo 4:14; more strongly, εἰς τὸν αἰ. τοῦ αἰ., He 1:8 (LXX); εἰς τοὺς αἰ., Mt 6:13; εἰς τοὺς αἰ. τῶν αἰ. (cf. Is 45:17, עַד־עוֹלְמֵי עַד), Ro 16:27, LT; cf. also Eph 3:21, II Pe 3:18, Ju 25, Re 14:11.
2.οἱ αἰ., the worlds, the universe, "the sum of the periods of time, including all that is manifested in them": He :12 11:3 (cf. I Ti 1:17, where τῶν αἰ. are prob. "the ages or world-periods which when summed up make eternity".
3.the present age (Heb. הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה): ὁ αἰ., Mt 13:22; ὁ αἰ. οὗτος, Mt 12:32; ὁ νῦν αἰ., I Ti 6:17; ὁ ἐνεστὼς αἰ., Ga 1:4; similarly, of the time after Christ's second coming (הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא), ὁ αἰ. ἐκεῖνος, Lk 20:35; ὁ αἰ. μέλλων, Mt 12:32; ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐρχόμενος, Mk 10:30.SYN.: κόσμος, the ordered universe, the scheme of material things; οἰκουμένη, the inhabited earth; in contrast with both of which αἰ. is the world under aspects of time (cf. Westc. on He 1:2; Tr., Syn., §lix; Thayer, s.v., αἰ.; Cremer, 74, 620; MM, VGT).
English (Strong)
from the same as ἀεί; properly, an age; by extension, perpetuity (also past); by implication, the world; specially (Jewish) a Messianic period (present or future): age, course, eternal, (for) ever(-more), (n-)ever, (beginning of the, while the) world (began, without end). Compare χρόνος.
English (Thayer)
(ῶνος, ὁ (as if Αιε — poetic for ἀεί — ὤν, so teaches Aristotle, de caelo 1,11, 9, vol. i., p. 279{a} 27; (so Proclus book iv. in Plato, Timaeo, p. 241; and others); but more probable is the conjecture (cf. Etym. Magn. 41,11) that αἰών is so connected with ἄημι to breathe, blow, as to denote properly that which causes life, vital force; cf. Harless on αἰών (= αἰϝών) is now generally connected with αἰεί, ἀεί, Sanskrit evas (aivas), Latin aevum, Goth. aivs, German ewig, English aye, ever; cf. Curtius, § 585; Fick, Part i., p. 27; Vanicek, p. 79; Benfey, Wurzellex, i., p. 7f; Schleicher, Compend. edition 2, p. 400; Pott, Etymologicum Forsch., edition 2,2:2, p. 442; Ebeling, Lex. Homer under the word; Liddell and Scott, under the word ἀεί; Cremer, edd, 2,3 ,4 (although in edition 1he agreed with Prof. Grimm); Pott and Fick, however, connect it with Sanskrit ayus rather than evas, although both these forms are derived from i to go (see Pott, Sehleicher, Fick, Vanicek, as above).) In Greek authors:
1. age (Latin aevum, which is αἰών with the Aeolic digamma), a human lifetime (in Homer, Herodotus, Pindar, Tragic poets), life itself (Homer Iliad 5,685 με καί λίποι αἰών etc.).
2. an unbroken age, perpetuity of time, eternity, (Plato, Tim., p. 37d. 38a.; Tim. Locr., p. 97d. (quoted below); Plutarch, others). With this signification the Hebrew and rabbinical idea of the word עולָם (of which in the Sept. αἰών is the equivalent) combines in the Biblical and ecclesiastical writings Hence, in the N. T. used:
1.
a. universally: in the phrases εἰς τόν αἰῶνα, לְעולָם (forever, εἰς τόν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος, Alexandrian LXX, cf. Winer's Grammar, § 36,22 (εἰς αἰῶνα, εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος unto the day which is eternity (genitive of apposition), never, not for ever, not always, εἰς τούς αἰῶνας, unto the ages, i. e., as long as time shall be (the plural denotes the individual ages whose sum is eternity): (R G Tr WH); εἰς πάντας τούς αἰῶνας, εἰς τούς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων (in which expression the endless future is divided up into various periods, the shorter of which are comprehended in the longer (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 36,2; among the various phrases to express duration composed of this word with preposition or adjuncts (which to the number of more than fifteen are to be found in the Sept., cf. Vaughan on L T); εἰς αἰῶνας αἰώνων, ὁ αἰών τῶν αἰώνων the (whole) age embracing the (shorter) ages, ἀπό τῶν αἰώνων from the ages down, from eternity, πρό τῶν αἰώνων before time was, before the foundation of the world, πρόθεσις τῶν αἰώνων eternal purpose, ἀπό τοῦ αἰῶνος (מֵעולָם from the most ancient time down (within the memory of man), from of old, οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν ἀπό τοῦ αἰῶνος; Longinus, 34 τούς ἀπ' αἰῶνος ῥήτορας); also ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος, Diodorus 4:83 of the temple of Venus τήν, ἐξ αἰῶνος ἀρχήν λαβόν, 17,1 τούς ἐξ αἰῶνος βασιλεῖς (excerpt. de legat, xl.), p. 632 τήν ἐξ αἰῶνος παραδεδομένην ἐλευθερίαν).
2. by metonymy of the container for the contained, οἱ αἰῶνες denotes the worlds, the universe, i. e. the aggregate of things contained in time (on the plural cf. Winer s Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 24 (21)): WH text; cf. Philo de plant. Noe § 12twice; de mundo § 7; Josephus, Antiquities 1,18, 7; Clement of Rome, 1 Corinthians 61,2 [ET]; 35,3 [ET] (πατήρ τῶν αἰώνων); 55,6 [ET] (Θεός τῶν αἰώνων); Apostolic Constitutions 7,34; see Abbot in Journal Society for Biblical Literature etc. i., p. 106n.). So αἰών in οἱ αἰῶνες in the Fathers, equivalent to the world of mankind, e. g. Ignatius ad Ephesians 19,2 [ET]):
3. As the Jews distinguished הַזֶּה הָעולָם the time before the Messiah, and הַבָּא הַעולָם, the time after the advent of the Messiah (cf. Riehm, Lehrb. d. Hebraerbr., p. 204ff; (Schürer, § 29,9)), so most of the N. T. writers distinguish ὁ αἰών οὗτος this age (also simply ὁ αἰών, G L T Tr WH; ὁ ἐνεστὼς αἰών, ὁ νῦν αἰών, παρουσία, which see), the period of instability, weakness, impiety, wickedness, calamity, misery — and αἰών μέλλων the future age (also ὁ αἰών ἐκεῖνος, ὁ αἰών ὁ ἐρχόμενος, οἱ αἰῶνες οἱ ἐπερχόμενοι, Romans , vol. 3:22f. Hence, the things of 'this age' are mentioned in the N. T. with censure: ὁ αἰών οὗτος, by metonymy, men controlled by the thoughts and pursuits of this present time, υἱοί τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου in κατά τόν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου conformably to the age to which this (wicked) world belongs, Trench, § 59 under the end); ἀγαπᾶν τόν νῦν αἰῶνα, ἀγαπάω); ἀρχόντων τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, ἄρχων); ὁ Θεός τοῦ αἰ. τούτου, the devil, who rules the thoughts and deeds of the men of this age, αἱ μέριμναι τοῦ αἰῶνος, the anxieties for the things of this age, πλούσιος ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι, rich in worldly wealth, σοφία ... τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου such wisdom as belongs to this age — full of error, arrogant, hostile to the gospel, συζητητής τοῦ αἰ. τούτου, disputer, sophist, such as we now find him, συντέλεια τοῦ αἰ. τούτ., the end, or rather consummation, of the age preceding Christ's return, with which will be connected the resurrection of the dead, the last judgment, the demolition of this world and its restoration to a more excellent condition (cf. 4Esdr. 7:43 [ συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων in Test xii. Patr., test. Levi 10, test. Benj. 11 (cf. Vorstman, p. 133)); τά τέλη τῶν αἰώνων the ends (last part) of the ages before the return of Christ, δυνάμεις τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος, powers which present themselves from the future or divine order of things, i. e., the Holy Spirit, τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐκείνου τυχεῖν, to partake of the blessings of the future age, αἰών. (On the word in its relation to κόσμος see Trench, § 59: Its biblical sense and its relation to עולָם are discussed by Stuart, Exeget. Essays on Words relating to Future Punishment, Andover, 1830 (and Presbyterian Publishing Committee, Philadelphia); Tayler Lewis in Lange's Commentary on Ecclesiastes , pp. 44-51; J. W. Hanson, Aion-Aionios (pp. 174), Chicago, 1880. See especially E. Abbot, Literature of the Doctrine of a Future Life, etc. (New York, 1867), Index of subjects, under the word For its meanings in ecclesiastical writings see Suicer, Thesaurus Eccl. i. Colossians 140ff, cf. ii. Colossians 1609; Huet, Origeniana (Appendix to Vol. iv. of De la Rue's Origen) book ii. c. ii. quaest. 11, § 26. Its use in Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristotle, Plato, Tim. Locr., is exhibited in detail by E. S. Goodwin in the Christ. Exam. for March and May, 1831, March and May, 1832. "On αἰών as the complete period, either of each particular life or of all existence, see Aristotle, cael. 1,9, 15; on αἰών and χρόνος, cf. Philo (quis rer. div. her. § 34) i. 496,18f; (de mut. nom. § 47) i. 619,10f." Liddell and Scott, edition 6; see also Philo de alleg. leg. iii. 8; quod deus immut. § 6 at the end; de secular § 11; de praem, et poen. § 15; and (de mund, opif. § 7) especially J. G. Muller, Philo's Lehre v. d. Weltschopfung, p. 168 (Berl. 1864). Schmidt (chapter 44) gives the distinction, for substance, as follows: both words denote the abstract idea of time and with special reference to its extent or duration; χρόνος is the general designation for time, which can be divided up into portions, each of which is in its turn a χρόνος; on the other hand, αἰών, which in the concrete and simple language of Homer (Pindar and the Tragedians) denotes the allotted lifetime, even the life, of the individual (Iliad 4,478 μινυνθάδιος δέ οἱ αἰών etc.), in Attic prose differs from χρόνος by denoting time unlimited and boundless, which is not conceived of as divisible into αἰῶνες (contrast here biblical usage and see below), but rather into χρόνοι. In philosophical speech it is without beginning also. Cf. Tim. Locr. 97c. d. χρόνῳ δέ τά μέρεα τάσδε τάς περιόδως λέγοντι, ἅς ἐκόσμησεν ὁ Θεός σύν κόσμῳ. Οὐ γάρ ἦν πρό κόσμῳ ἄστρα. Διόπερ οὐδ' ἐνιαυτός ὀυδ' ὠρᾶν περίοδοι, αἷς μετρηταί ὁ γεννατὸς χρόνος οὗτος. Ἑικών δέ ἐστι τῷ ἀγεννάτω χρόνῳ, ὅν αἰῶνα ποταγορεύομες. ὡς γάρ ποτ' ἀΐδιον παράδειγμα, τόν ἰδανικὸν κόσμον, ὅδε ὁ ὠρανός ἐγεννάθη, οὕτως ὡς πρός παράδειγμα, τόν αἰῶνα, ὅδε ὁ χρόνος σύν κόσμῳ ἐδαμιουργήθη — after Plato, Timaeus, p. 37d. (where see Stallbaum's note and references); Isocrates 8,34 τούς εὐσεβείας καί δικαιοσύνης ζῶντας (ὁρῶ) ἐν τέ τοῖς παροῦσι χρόνοις ἀσφαλῶς διάγοντας καί περί τοῦ σύμπαντος αἰῶνος ἡδίους τάς ἐλπίδας ἔχοντας. The adjective ἄχρονος independent of time, above and beyond all time, is synonymous with αἰώνιος; where time (with its subdivisions and limitations) ends eternity begins: Nonnus, metaph, evang. Johan. 1:1, ἄχρονος ἦν, ἀκίχητος, ἐν ἀρρήτω λόγος ἀρχή. Thoroughly Platonic in cast are the definitions of Gregory of Nazianzus (orat. xxxviii. 8) αἰών γάρ οὔτε χρόνος οὔτε χρόνου τί μέρος. Οὐδέ γάρ μετρητόν, ἀλλ' ὅπερ, ἡμῖν ὁ χρόνος ἡλίου φορά μετρούμενος, τοῦτο τοῖς ἀϊδίοις αἰών, τό συμπαρεκτεινόμενον τοῖς οὖσιν οἷον τί χρονικὸν κίνημα καί διάστημα (Suicer as above). So Clement of Alexandria, strom., i. 13, p. 756a., Migne edition, ὁ γ' οὖν αἰών τοῦ χρόνου τό μέλλον καί τό ἐνεστὼς, αὐτάρ δή καί τό παρωχηκος ἀκαριαιὼς συνίστησι. Instances from extra-biblical writings of the use of αἰών in the plural are: τόν ἀπ' αἰώνων μύθον, Anthol. vol iii., part ii., p. 55, Jacobs edition; εἰς αἰῶνας, ibid. vol. iv. epigr. 492; ἐκ περιτροπῆς αἰώνων, Josephus, b. j. 3,8, 5; εἰς αἰῶνας διαμενεῖ, Sextus Empiricus, adv. Phys. i. 62. The discussions which have been raised respecting the word may give interest to additional references to its use by Philo and Josephus. Philo: ὁ πᾶς (ἅπας, σύμπας) or πᾶς (etc.) ὁ αἰών: de alleg. leg. iii. § 70; de cherub. § I (a noteworthy passage, cf. de congressu ernd. § 11and references under the word θάνατος); de sacrif. Ab. et Caini § 11; quod det. pot. § 48; quod deus immut. § 1, § 24; de plantat. § 27; de sobrietate § 13; de migr. Abr. § 2; de secular § 9; de mut. nom. § 34; de somn. ii., § 15, § 31, § 38; de legat. ad Gaium § 38; (ὁ) μακρός αἰών: de sacrif. Ab et Caini § 21; de ebrietate § 47; de secular § 20; αἰών μήκιστος: de sobrietate § 5; de secular § 21; ὁ ἄπειρος αἰών: de legat, ad Gaium § 11; ὁ ἔμπροσθεν αἰών: de praem, et. poen. § 6; αἰών πολύς: de Abrah. § 46; τίς αἰών: de merc. meretr. § 1; δἰ αἰών: de cherub. § 26; de plantat. § 27; εἰς τόν αἰών: de gigant. § 5; ἐν (τῷ) αἰώνω: de mut. nom. § 2 (twice) (note the restriction); quod deus immut. § 6; ἐξ αἰών: de somn. 1 § 3; ἐπ' αἰῶνος: de plantat. § 12 (twice); de mundo § 7; πρό αἰῶνος: de mut. nom. § 2; πρός αἰ.: de mut. nom. § 11; (ὁ) αἰών: de secular § 18; de alleg. leg. iii. § 70; de cherub. § 22; de migr. Abr. § 22; de somn. i., § 18, § 22; de Josepho § 5; de vita Moys. ii. § 3; de decalogo § 14; de victimis § 3; fragment in Mang. 2:660 (Richter vi., p. 219); de plantat. § 12 (bis); de mundo § 7. Josephus: (ὁ) πᾶς αἰών: Antiquities 1,18, 7; 3,8, 10; contra Apion 2,11, 3; 2,22, 1; μακρός αἰών: Antiquities 2,7, 3; πολύς αἰών: contra Apion 2,31, 1; τοσοῦτος αἰών: contra Apion 1,8, 4; πλῆθος αἰῶνος: Antiquities prooem. § 3; ἀπ' αἰῶνος: b. j. prooem. § 4; δἰ αἰῶνος: Antiquities 1,18, 8; 4,6, 4; b. j. 6,2, 1; εἰς (τόν) αἰωνον: Antiquities 4,8, 18; 5,1, 27; 7,9, 5; 7,14, 5; ἐξ αἰωνον: b. j. 5,10, 5; (ὁ) αἰών: Antiquities 19,2, 2; b. j. 1,21, 10; plural (see above) 3,8, 5. See αἰώνιος.)
