ὑπό: Difference between revisions
Σοφία δὲ πλούτου κτῆμα τιμιώτερον → Pretiosior res opipus est sapientia → Die Weisheit ist mehr wert als Säcke voller Geld
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|Transliteration C=ypo | |Transliteration C=ypo | ||
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|Definition=[ῠ], Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Aeol. ὐπά <span class="bibl">Alc.39</span>; Boeot. ὑπά <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Ἀρχ.Δελτ. <span class="bibl">14</span> Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. ηυπύ only in <span class="title">IG</span> 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. ὁπύ <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 664.15,21 (Orchom.Arc., iv B.C.); in Ep. ὑπαί (also <span class="bibl">B. 12.139</span>): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑ. πόδα <span class="bibl">Il.2.824</span>, ὑ. δέ <span class="bibl">3.217</span>, <span class="bibl">11.417</span>, <span class="bibl">12.149</span>, ὑ. δείους <span class="bibl">10.376</span>, <span class="bibl">15.4</span>); elsewh. (before <b class="b3">λ ν ρ ϝ</b>) it is weakly attested as v. l. for [[ὑπὸ]] (?~X ¯ ), e.g. <b class="b3">ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ</b> (v.l. [[ὑπαὶ]]) λιπαροῖσι <span class="bibl">Il.2.44</span>, al.; but <b class="b3">ὑπαὶ νεφέων</b> is given by most codd. in <span class="bibl">Il.15.625</span>, <span class="bibl">16.375</span> (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon. ap. Plu.2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>165</span>, [[ὑπαιφοινίσσω]] (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>892</span>,<span class="bibl">944</span>,<span class="bibl">1164</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span> 711</span>,<span class="bibl">1418</span> (lyr.), <span class="title">Inach.</span> in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>692 ii5</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1188</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>970</span> (paratrag.). (With [[ὑπό]] (ὕπο) cf. Skt. [[úpa]] 'towards, near to, etc.', Goth. [[uf]] 'under'.) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GENITIVE, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of Place, with Verbs of motion, [[from under]], <b class="b3">αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου</b> they will rise again [[from under]] the gloom, <span class="bibl">Il.21.56</span>; ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>669</span>; ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους <span class="bibl">Od.9.141</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>230b</span>; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν <span class="bibl">Il.19.17</span>; <b class="b3">ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν</b> [[from under]] the storm-cloud, <span class="bibl">B.12.139</span>; esp. of rescuing [[from under]] another's power, after the Verbs <b class="b3">ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.248</span>, <span class="bibl">13.198</span>, <span class="bibl">17.224</span>,<span class="bibl">235</span>; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς [[from the consequences of]], <span class="bibl">23.86</span>; also <b class="b3">ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ</b> [[from under]] the yoke, <span class="bibl">8.543</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.39</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην</b> I loosed myself [[from under]] the ram, <span class="bibl">9.463</span>; <b class="b3">σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν</b>, i.e. was born, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>6.43</span>; rarely in Trag., ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>441</span>; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>53</span>; once in Hdt., τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι <span class="bibl">4.8</span>; αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ <span class="title">SIG</span>47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. [[ὑπέκ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of the object [[under]] which a thing is or is placed, [[under]], [[beneath]], with collat. sense of motion, as <b class="b3">μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς</b> thrust it [[in under]] the embers, <span class="bibl">Od. 9.375</span>; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας <span class="bibl">Il.4.106</span>; τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>717</span>: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο <span class="bibl">Il.3.372</span>; βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον <span class="bibl">8.14</span>; ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός <span class="bibl">Od.11.52</span>; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>588</span>; ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέλη <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.83</span>; νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιο <span class="bibl">Il.16.347</span>; τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>249a</span>; δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>342</span>; <b class="b3">φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">762</span>: Thom.Mag.<span class="bibl">p.375</span> R. says that [[ὑ]]. = [[under]] takes gen. in Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; <b class="b3">κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου</b>, which is v.l. in <span class="bibl">Od.9.329</span> for <b class="b3">ὑ. κόπρῳ</b>, is called by <span class="bibl">Eust.1631.36</span> <b class="b3">Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης</b> (v. [[κόλπος]], [[μάλη]]); but in Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine [[ὑ]]. c. gen. in signfs. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">2</span> is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς;</b> it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and <b class="b2">NT;</b> X. has <b class="b3">ὑ. ἁμάξης</b> ( = [[from under]]) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>6.4.22</span>,<span class="bibl">25</span>; the Orators have only <b class="b3">ὑ. μάλης</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.<span class="title">Fr.</span>54</span>, <span class="bibl">D.29.12</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς</b> is found in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mx.</span> 246d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>414d</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>352b6</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hipparch.2.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.18.18.10</span> (ὑ. τῆς γῆς), <span class="bibl">21.28.3</span>,<span class="bibl">10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> metaph., <b class="b3">ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ</b> [[under]] his rule, <span class="bibl">Od.19.114</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς <span class="bibl">Il.3.436</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.479</span>; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ' Ἕκτορος <span class="bibl">17.428</span>; <b class="b3">εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι</b> <span class="bibl">1.242</span>; τὸν . . τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ . . παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.137</span>; οἵαις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>308</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>7</span>, al.; πέλεκυς . . ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος <span class="bibl">Il.3.61</span>; ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν . . φοβέοντο . . ἀπὸ νηῶν <span class="bibl">16.303</span>; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ' ἐχθρῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1042</span> (anap.); ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες <span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>; ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους <span class="bibl">Id.4.66</span>; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων <span class="bibl">Id.6.5</span>; ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.4.64</span>; <b class="b3">κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους . . τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως</b> we have been called shameful names [[by]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1321</span>; <b class="b3">κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν</b> to be ill spoken of [[by]]... <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>304e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.7.23</span>; of a subordinate agent, <b class="b3">ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.98</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>737</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.32</span>; ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων . . πορεύεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>391</span>; ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>66a</span>: sts. with a verbal Subst., <b class="b3">τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα</b> (i. e. [[ἐπιταττόμενον]]) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>359a</span>; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1029</span>; ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.34</span>; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.2</span>; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>378d</span>; so <b class="b3">ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους</b>( = [[οὐ τετρωμένον]]) prob. in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 532</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, <b class="b3">ὅθ' ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι</b> hasten driven on [[by]] them, <span class="bibl">Il.13.334</span>; <b class="b3">ὑφ' Ἕκτορος . . φεύγοντες</b> fleeing [[before]] him, <span class="bibl">18.149</span>, χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος <span class="bibl">13.153</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.64</span>, <span class="bibl">11.119</span>,<span class="bibl">424</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.320</span>, <span class="bibl">7.263</span>, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.78</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>99</span>; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων <span class="bibl">Th.7.78</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1084</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου <span class="bibl">Th.7.77</span>; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>; ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα</b> ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος</b> ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.20.4</span>: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ' ὑ. χάρματος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span> 371</span>; <b class="b3">ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>541</span>,<span class="bibl">587</span>; μαίνεται . . ὑφ' ἡδονῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1153</span>; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους <span class="bibl">Il.10.376</span>; ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.33</span>; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.4.66</span>; ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.129</span>; ὑπ' ἄλγους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>183</span>; ὑπ' ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1083</span>; ὑ. λύπης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1073</span>: hence [[ὑπό]] is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. <b class="b3">ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας</b> [[from]] courage, i. e. impelled [[by]] courage, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.1</span>; ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων <span class="bibl">Id.7.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">56</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ' ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς</b> [[by]] my agency, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1118</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκας</b> not [[under]] compulsion, <span class="title">GDI</span>5128.5 (Vaxos). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[ὑπό]] freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς <span class="bibl">Il.4.276</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.591</span>, etc.: sts. with part. added, <b class="b3">ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν</b> [[at]] their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, <span class="bibl">2.334</span>, <span class="bibl">16.277</span>; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. <span class="bibl">18.220</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of [[accompanying]] music, to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>281</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">278</span>; ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆρος <span class="bibl">Archil.123</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.825</span>, <span class="bibl">Charon <span class="title">Fr.</span>9</span>; πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1001</span>: generally, of anything [[attendant]], <b class="b3">δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον</b> [[by]] torchlight, <span class="bibl">Il.18.492</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>639</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span>1474</span> (lyr.); καταθάψομεν . . ὑ. κλαυθμῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1554</span> (anap.); ὑπ' εὐκλείας θανεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1299</span>; εἴσειμ' ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>970</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι</b> offer a sacrifice [[accompanied by]] it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>630</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι</b> [[by]] lantern-light, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>5.7</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά</b> [[in]] or [[with]] solemn procession, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1030</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. βίης βήξας</b> coughing [[with]] violence, violently, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.107</span>; <b class="b3">ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων</b>, i.e. they shot and lashed, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.25</span>: v. infr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.4</span>, C. IV. 1. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν</b>, = [[ἐπί]] c. gen., <span class="title">SIG</span>171 (Olympia, iv B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> Math., <b class="b3">ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ</b> [[the angle]] [[ΘΔΗ]]( = [[ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία]]), <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">Hyp.</span>2.26</span>; but also <b class="b3">τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ</b> [[the rectangle contained by]] [[ΑΓ]], [[ΓΒ]], = [[ΑΓ χ ΓΒ]], <span class="bibl">Euc.2.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου</b> [[laden with]] wine, Pap. in <span class="title">Hermes</span> 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in LXX (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jb.</span>12.5</span> is dub. l.) or [[NT]], not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position [[under]], ὑ. ποσσί <span class="bibl">Il.2.784</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ὑ. πλατανίστῳ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">307</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.558</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. Τμώλῳ</b> [[at]] its [[foot]], <span class="bibl">2.866</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.186</span>; Βερύσιοι ὑ. τῇ Ἴδῃ <span class="title">IG</span>12.191.11, cf. 373.118, al.; ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλι <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.105</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν θανόντων ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ</b> [[under]] its walls, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>764</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>860</span>; πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ' ἰωγῇ <span class="bibl">Od.14.533</span>; ὑ. τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>350b27</span>; ὑ. πέτρᾳ παῖς <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.19 (Epid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ὑ. τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ</b> ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς</b> (or [[Λῆνος]]) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); στρουθοὶ ὑ. τῇ τραπέζῃ <span class="title">Michel</span> 832.33 (Samos, iv B.C.); ὑ. τῇ μασχάλῃ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>11</span>; χέλυν δ' ὑ. μασχάλῃ εἶχεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>242</span>; ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>688b5</span>,<span class="bibl">14</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ὑ. τῇ γῇ ἀήρ</b> [[under]] the earth, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>295a28</span>; <b class="b3">ἐὰν ὑ. σοὶ κατακλινῇ</b> lies [[next below]] you, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>222e</span>; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἅρμασι</b> [[under]], i.e. [[yoked to]], the chariot, <span class="bibl">Il.8.402</span>, <span class="bibl">18.244</span>; εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ' αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος <span class="bibl">Plb.8.20.6</span> codd., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1800</span> <span class="title">Fr.</span>2.36 (<span class="title">Vit.Aesop.</span>); ὑ. τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν <span class="bibl">Plb.12.26a</span>.<span class="bibl">4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.7.9</span>; <b class="b3">τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτοῖς σχεδίας</b> [[under]] them, on which they stood, <span class="bibl">Id.3.46.8</span>; τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑ. τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae. ap. eund.<span class="bibl">12.25.7</span>; οἱ ὑ. τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam.2.31, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>940a37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phgn.</span>806b16</span>; ὑ. τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>491b14</span>; ὑ. τῷ γενείῳ <span class="bibl">Plb.34.10.9</span>; τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero *Deff.135.12; ὑ. τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, <b class="b3">εἷσαν ὑ. φηγῷ</b> set [him] [[down under]] it, <span class="bibl">Il.5.693</span>; ἔζευξαν ὑφ' ἅρμασιν . . ἵππους <span class="bibl">Od.3.478</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.24.782</span>; ὑ. δ' ἄξοσι . . ἔπιπτον <span class="bibl">16.378</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.37</span>; δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.24.644</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in such phrases as <b class="b3">ὑ. χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι</b>, <span class="bibl">2.374</span>,<span class="bibl">860</span>, al.; ἐμῇς ὑ. χερσὶ δάμασσον <span class="bibl">3.352</span>; ὑ. δουρὶ δαμῆναι <span class="bibl">5.653</span>, etc.; ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑ. χερσί <span class="bibl">11.180</span>; ὤλετο . . ὑ. γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος <span class="bibl">16.489</span>; πέπληγμαι δ' ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1164</span> (lyr.); ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ' ἀνδράσι <span class="bibl">Il.6.453</span>; ὑ. τινὶ κτείνεσθαι <span class="bibl">16.490</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[behind]], ὑ. φάλαγγι Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>6.1; [[under the cover]] or [[protection of]], ὑ. τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.37.9</span>; ὑ. ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις <span class="bibl">Plb. 1.57.8</span>, <span class="bibl">4.12.10</span>, <span class="bibl">16.6.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of the person [[under whose hand]], [[power]], or [[influence]], or the thing [[by]] or [[through which]] a thing is done, <b class="b3">ὑπ' Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο</b> fled [[before]] them, <span class="bibl">Il.11.121</span>; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs, ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ' Ἕκτορι <span class="bibl">Il.15.637</span>; ὁρμηθέντες ὑ. πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης <span class="bibl">Od.13.82</span>; βῆ . . θεῶν ὑ. πομπῇ <span class="bibl">Il.6.171</span>; ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο <span class="bibl">23.215</span>; ὑ. λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών <span class="bibl">16.384</span>; <b class="b3">τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑ. τινί</b>, <span class="bibl">2.714</span>,<span class="bibl">728</span>,<span class="bibl">742</span>; ἀτῆθαι ὑ. τῷ μεμφομένῳ <span class="title">GDI</span>4994.8 (Crete); ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑ. τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>38.5, cf. 12,31,52. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> expressing [[subjection]] or [[dependence]], <b class="b3">ὑ. τινί</b> [[under]] one's [[power]], δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ <span class="bibl">Od.3.305</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.9.156</span>; ὑπ' ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν <span class="bibl">Od. 7.68</span>; <b class="b3">εἶναι ὑ. τισί</b> to be [[subordinate]], [[subject to]] them, <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος</b> [[under the eye of]]... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391c</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ</b> have [[under]] one, [[at]] one's [[command]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.26</span>; τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>563c</span>; ὑ. τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cic.</span>44</span>: in pregnant sense, ἵνα . . πάντα ὑ. Πέρσῃσι γένηται <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.64</span>; ὑπ' ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.157</span>; κινδυνεύσαιμ' ἂν ὑ. τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ <span class="bibl">Lys.24.6</span>; ὑ. τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων <span class="bibl">Plb.18.11.4</span>; τοὺς τραφέντας ὑ. τούτοις <span class="bibl">Id.6.7.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of the subordination of things coming [[under]] a class, αἱ ὑ. ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>205c</span>; τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>511b</span>; ὄργανα . . τὰ ὑ. τῇ μουσικῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span> 295d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> as in A. 11.5, <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον</b> advanced [[to the music of]] the flute-player, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>283</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐλῷ, ὑ. κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>2.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alex.</span>19</span>; ὑ. μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu.2.470e: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι . . πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο <span class="bibl">Od.4.402</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών</b> [[escorted by]] the lictors, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Publ.</span>10</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. σκότῳ, νυκτί</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1030</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">A.R. 1.1022</span>, etc.; λάμπει δ' ὑ. μαρμαρυγαῖς ὁ χρυσός <span class="bibl">B.3.17</span>; αἰθομένα δᾲς ὑ. ξανθαἵσι πεύκαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>79</span>; ὑ. φωτὶ πολλῷ προσῄει <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Galb.</span>14</span>; ὑ. λαμπάσιν ἡμμέναις <span class="bibl">Hld.10.41</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. πολλῷ στρατῷ</b> [[escorted by]] a great host, <span class="bibl">Nic.Dam.10J.</span>; ὑ. δικαιοσύνῃ διαγαγεῖν τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>335d</span>.— [[ὑπό]] has no sense c. dat. which it has not also c. gen.; but all its senses c. gen. do not belong to the dat.:—later [[ὑπό]] c. dat. is found as a mere periphr. of the dat., στέφος . . αὐτὸς ὑφ' ἡμετέραις πλεξάμενος παλάμαις <span class="title">AP</span>5.73 (Rufin.), cf. <span class="bibl">85</span> (Claudian.); λέων ὑπ' ἄκοντι τετυμμένος <span class="bibl">A.R.2.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Man.2.131</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUSATIVE, of Place; to express motion [[towards and under]] an object, <b class="b3">ὑ. σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα</b> drove them [[under]], i.e. [[into]], the cave, <span class="bibl">Il.4.279</span>; ὑ. ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν <span class="bibl">Od.3.383</span>; <b class="b3">σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμ' ὑ. γαῖαν</b>, i.e. shall die, <span class="bibl">Il.18.333</span>; νέεσθαι ὑ. ζόφον <span class="bibl">23.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.335</span>; <b class="b3">κατακρύπτειν τινὰ ὑ. τὴν αὐτὴν θύρην</b> [[under shelter]] of it, i.e. [[behind]] it, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.12</span>; πάϊς ὣς ὑ. μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα <span class="bibl">Il.8.271</span>; ὅκως ἔωσι ὑ. τὸν πεζὸν στρατὸν τὸν σφέτερον <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.96</span>; ὑ. τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ὁπλιτῶν τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ψιλῶν τετάχθαι <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Tact.</span>15.2</span>; of coming [[close up under]] a lofty citadel, <b class="b3">ἤλθεθ' ὑ. Τροίην</b> [[up to]] T., <span class="bibl">Od.4.146</span>; ὅτ' ἔμελλεν ὑ. πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος ἵξεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.11.181</span>; παυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθ' ὑ. τεῖχος ἄρειον <span class="bibl">4.407</span>; ὑ. τὰ τείχη φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Plb.1.74.11</span>; ὑ. τὰς ἴλας φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Id.3.65.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.105.6</span>, <span class="bibl">11.21.5</span>, al.; ὑ. ταὐτὸ στέγος εἰσελθεῖν <span class="title">GDI</span>3536 <span class="title">B</span>3 (Cnidus); πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἔλθῃ . . ὑ. τὴν ῥάβδον <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Le.</span>27.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">De.</span>4.11</span>, al.; so <b class="b3">ὑ. δικαστήριον ὑπαχθείς, ἀγαγόντες</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.72</span>,<span class="bibl">104</span> (cf. <b class="b3">ὑπάγειν ὑ. τοὺς ἐφόρους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">82</span>) prob. refers to the elevated seats of the judges in court, cf. [[ὑπάγω]] A ΙΙ. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of Position or Extension [[under]] an object, without sense of motion, Ἀρκαδίην ὑ. Κυλλήνης ὄρος <span class="bibl">Il.2.603</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">824</span>, etc.; ἰκριώσασι ὑ. τὴν ὀροφήν <span class="title">IG</span>12.374.76; <b class="b3">ἐργασαμένοις τὸ ἄνθεμον ὑ. τὴν ἀσπίδα</b> ib.371.9; τὰ μὲν ὑ. τὸν λόφον καὶ τὰμ φάραγγα <span class="title">Inscr.Prien.</span>37.162 (ii B.C.); ἀνθέντω ὑ. τὸν ναὸν τᾶς Δάματρος <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1498.13 (loc. inc., ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε</b> everywhere [[under]] the sun, <span class="bibl">Il.5.267</span>; ὑπ' αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο φοιτῶσι <span class="bibl">Od.2.181</span>; τῶν ὑ. τοῦτον τὸν ἥλιον . . ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">D.18.270</span>; τὰ ὑ. τὴν ἄρκτον <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>362a17</span>; οἴκησις ἡ λεγομένη ὑ. τὸν πόλον <span class="bibl">Gem.5.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.21</span>, al.; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ex.</span>17.14</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>106.14</span> (i B.C.); τὸ ὑ. τὴν ἀκρόπολιν <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>; ὁ ὑ. γῆν λεγόμενος εἶναι θεός <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.114</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.19.259</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆν</b> is more freq. than <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς</b> in <span class="bibl">Arist., <span class="title">Mete.</span>349b29</span>, al., in <span class="bibl">Hipparch., 1.3.10</span>, al., and entirely supersedes <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς</b> in <span class="bibl">Hdt., 2.124</span>,<span class="bibl">125</span>,<span class="bibl">127</span>,<span class="bibl">148</span>,<span class="bibl">150</span>, <span class="bibl">3.102</span>, <span class="bibl">4.195</span>, <span class="bibl">7.114</span>, and <span class="bibl">Gem., 2.19</span>, al.; it is found also in <span class="bibl">Plb.21.28.11</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆν</b> [[the nadir]], opp. [[μεσουράνημα]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.98r</span>.<span class="bibl">49</span>, <span class="bibl">110.33</span> (i/ii A.D.); also ἄγχε δέ μιν . . ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑ. δειρήν <span class="bibl">Il.3.371</span>; Τρῶες . . πτῶσσον ὑ. κρημνούς <span class="bibl">21.26</span>; ἀγέροντο . . ἄλσος ὕ. σκιερόν <span class="bibl">Od.20.278</span>; τρωφεὶς ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.120 (Epid., iv B.C.); οὐλὴ ὑπ' ὀφθαλμὸν δεξιόν <span class="title">PCair.Zen</span>76.13 (iii B.C.); ὑ. τὸ μέρος τοῦ ἐνοφειλομένου ὑπογραψάτω ὅσον ἰδίᾳ ἔχει <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span> 19.2</span> (iii B.C.); κείμενος ὑ. τὸν ὀμφαλόν <span class="bibl">Sor.1.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">67</span>, al.; ὑ. τὰς πύλας ἵππων πόδες φαίνονται <span class="bibl">Th.5.10</span>; μὴ ὑποτιθέναι κύλικα ὑ. τὴν κλίνην <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).593 <span class="title">A</span>21 (Ceos, v B. C.); <b class="b3">ὑ. τὸν ὀδόν</b> ib.42(1).102.249 (Epid., iv B.C.); καταψύξατε ὑ. τὸ δένδρον <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>18.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τὸν λέβητα</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>7.7(6)</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τοὺς πόδας</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>3.34</span>; εἰς τοὺς ὑ. πόδα χωρεῖ τόπους Dsc.5.75 (v. πούς 1.6 g); <b class="b3">ἡ ὑ. πόδα</b> (sc. [[γραμμή]]) the [[base]] of a triangle, Hero | |Definition=[ῠ], Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Aeol. ὐπά <span class="bibl">Alc.39</span>; Boeot. ὑπά <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Ἀρχ.Δελτ. <span class="bibl">14</span> Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. ηυπύ only in <span class="title">IG</span> 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. ὁπύ <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 664.15,21 (Orchom.Arc., iv B.C.); in Ep. ὑπαί (also <span class="bibl">B. 12.139</span>): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑ. πόδα <span class="bibl">Il.2.824</span>, ὑ. δέ <span class="bibl">3.217</span>, <span class="bibl">11.417</span>, <span class="bibl">12.149</span>, ὑ. δείους <span class="bibl">10.376</span>, <span class="bibl">15.4</span>); elsewh. (before <b class="b3">λ ν ρ ϝ</b>) it is weakly attested as v. l. for [[ὑπὸ]] (?~X ¯ ), e.g. <b class="b3">ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ</b> (v.l. [[ὑπαὶ]]) λιπαροῖσι <span class="bibl">Il.2.44</span>, al.; but <b class="b3">ὑπαὶ νεφέων</b> is given by most codd. in <span class="bibl">Il.15.625</span>, <span class="bibl">16.375</span> (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon. ap. Plu.2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>165</span>, [[ὑπαιφοινίσσω]] (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>892</span>,<span class="bibl">944</span>,<span class="bibl">1164</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span> 711</span>,<span class="bibl">1418</span> (lyr.), <span class="title">Inach.</span> in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>692 ii5</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>1188</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>970</span> (paratrag.). (With [[ὑπό]] (ὕπο) cf. Skt. [[úpa]] 'towards, near to, etc.', Goth. [[uf]] 'under'.) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GENITIVE, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of Place, with Verbs of motion, [[from under]], <b class="b3">αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου</b> they will rise again [[from under]] the gloom, <span class="bibl">Il.21.56</span>; ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>669</span>; ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους <span class="bibl">Od.9.141</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>230b</span>; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν <span class="bibl">Il.19.17</span>; <b class="b3">ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν</b> [[from under]] the storm-cloud, <span class="bibl">B.12.139</span>; esp. of rescuing [[from under]] another's power, after the Verbs <b class="b3">ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.248</span>, <span class="bibl">13.198</span>, <span class="bibl">17.224</span>,<span class="bibl">235</span>; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς [[from the consequences of]], <span class="bibl">23.86</span>; also <b class="b3">ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ</b> [[from under]] the yoke, <span class="bibl">8.543</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.39</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην</b> I loosed myself [[from under]] the ram, <span class="bibl">9.463</span>; <b class="b3">σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν</b>, i.e. was born, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>6.43</span>; rarely in Trag., ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>441</span>; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>53</span>; once in Hdt., τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι <span class="bibl">4.8</span>; αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ <span class="title">SIG</span>47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. [[ὑπέκ]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of the object [[under]] which a thing is or is placed, [[under]], [[beneath]], with collat. sense of motion, as <b class="b3">μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς</b> thrust it [[in under]] the embers, <span class="bibl">Od. 9.375</span>; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας <span class="bibl">Il.4.106</span>; τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>717</span>: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο <span class="bibl">Il.3.372</span>; βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον <span class="bibl">8.14</span>; ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός <span class="bibl">Od.11.52</span>; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>588</span>; ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέλη <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.83</span>; νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιο <span class="bibl">Il.16.347</span>; τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>249a</span>; δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>342</span>; <b class="b3">φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">762</span>: Thom.Mag.<span class="bibl">p.375</span> R. says that [[ὑ]]. = [[under]] takes gen. in Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; <b class="b3">κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου</b>, which is v.l. in <span class="bibl">Od.9.329</span> for <b class="b3">ὑ. κόπρῳ</b>, is called by <span class="bibl">Eust.1631.36</span> <b class="b3">Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης</b> (v. [[κόλπος]], [[μάλη]]); but in Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine [[ὑ]]. c. gen. in signfs. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">2</span> is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς;</b> it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and <b class="b2">NT;</b> X. has <b class="b3">ὑ. ἁμάξης</b> ( = [[from under]]) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>6.4.22</span>,<span class="bibl">25</span>; the Orators have only <b class="b3">ὑ. μάλης</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.<span class="title">Fr.</span>54</span>, <span class="bibl">D.29.12</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς</b> is found in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mx.</span> 246d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>414d</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>352b6</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hipparch.2.2.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.18.18.10</span> (ὑ. τῆς γῆς), <span class="bibl">21.28.3</span>,<span class="bibl">10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> metaph., <b class="b3">ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ</b> [[under]] his rule, <span class="bibl">Od.19.114</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς <span class="bibl">Il.3.436</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.479</span>; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ' Ἕκτορος <span class="bibl">17.428</span>; <b class="b3">εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι</b> <span class="bibl">1.242</span>; τὸν . . τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ . . παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.137</span>; οἵαις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>308</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>7</span>, al.; πέλεκυς . . ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος <span class="bibl">Il.3.61</span>; ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν . . φοβέοντο . . ἀπὸ νηῶν <span class="bibl">16.303</span>; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ' ἐχθρῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1042</span> (anap.); ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες <span class="bibl">Th.1.77</span>; ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους <span class="bibl">Id.4.66</span>; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων <span class="bibl">Id.6.5</span>; ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.4.64</span>; <b class="b3">κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους . . τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως</b> we have been called shameful names [[by]]... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1321</span>; <b class="b3">κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν</b> to be ill spoken of [[by]]... <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>304e</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 7.7.23</span>; of a subordinate agent, <b class="b3">ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.98</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>737</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.32</span>; ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων . . πορεύεται <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>391</span>; ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>66a</span>: sts. with a verbal Subst., <b class="b3">τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα</b> (i. e. [[ἐπιταττόμενον]]) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>359a</span>; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1029</span>; ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.34</span>; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.2</span>; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>378d</span>; so <b class="b3">ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους</b>( = [[οὐ τετρωμένον]]) prob. in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 532</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, <b class="b3">ὅθ' ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι</b> hasten driven on [[by]] them, <span class="bibl">Il.13.334</span>; <b class="b3">ὑφ' Ἕκτορος . . φεύγοντες</b> fleeing [[before]] him, <span class="bibl">18.149</span>, χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος <span class="bibl">13.153</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.64</span>, <span class="bibl">11.119</span>,<span class="bibl">424</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.320</span>, <span class="bibl">7.263</span>, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.78</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>99</span>; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων <span class="bibl">Th.7.78</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1084</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου <span class="bibl">Th.7.77</span>; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>; ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα</b> ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος</b> ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.20.4</span>: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ' ὑ. χάρματος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span> 371</span>; <b class="b3">ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>541</span>,<span class="bibl">587</span>; μαίνεται . . ὑφ' ἡδονῆς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1153</span>; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους <span class="bibl">Il.10.376</span>; ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.85</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.33</span>; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.4.66</span>; ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.129</span>; ὑπ' ἄλγους <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>183</span>; ὑπ' ὀργῆς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1083</span>; ὑ. λύπης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1073</span>: hence [[ὑπό]] is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. <b class="b3">ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας</b> [[from]] courage, i. e. impelled [[by]] courage, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.1</span>; ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων <span class="bibl">Id.7.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">56</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ' ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς</b> [[by]] my agency, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1118</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκας</b> not [[under]] compulsion, <span class="title">GDI</span>5128.5 (Vaxos). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[ὑπό]] freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς <span class="bibl">Il.4.276</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.591</span>, etc.: sts. with part. added, <b class="b3">ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν</b> [[at]] their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, <span class="bibl">2.334</span>, <span class="bibl">16.277</span>; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. <span class="bibl">18.220</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> of [[accompanying]] music, to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>281</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">278</span>; ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆρος <span class="bibl">Archil.123</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thgn.825</span>, <span class="bibl">Charon <span class="title">Fr.</span>9</span>; πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1001</span>: generally, of anything [[attendant]], <b class="b3">δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον</b> [[by]] torchlight, <span class="bibl">Il.18.492</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>639</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span>1474</span> (lyr.); καταθάψομεν . . ὑ. κλαυθμῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1554</span> (anap.); ὑπ' εὐκλείας θανεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1299</span>; εἴσειμ' ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>970</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι</b> offer a sacrifice [[accompanied by]] it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>630</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι</b> [[by]] lantern-light, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>5.7</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά</b> [[in]] or [[with]] solemn procession, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1030</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. βίης βήξας</b> coughing [[with]] violence, violently, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.107</span>; <b class="b3">ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων</b>, i.e. they shot and lashed, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.25</span>: v. infr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.4</span>, C. IV. 1. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν</b>, = [[ἐπί]] c. gen., <span class="title">SIG</span>171 (Olympia, iv B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> Math., <b class="b3">ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ</b> [[the angle]] [[ΘΔΗ]]( = [[ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία]]), <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">Hyp.</span>2.26</span>; but also <b class="b3">τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ</b> [[the rectangle contained by]] [[ΑΓ]], [[ΓΒ]], = [[ΑΓ χ ΓΒ]], <span class="bibl">Euc.2.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου</b> [[laden with]] wine, Pap. in <span class="title">Hermes</span> 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in LXX (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jb.</span>12.5</span> is dub. l.) or [[NT]], not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position [[under]], ὑ. ποσσί <span class="bibl">Il.2.784</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ὑ. πλατανίστῳ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">307</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.558</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. Τμώλῳ</b> [[at]] its [[foot]], <span class="bibl">2.866</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.1.186</span>; Βερύσιοι ὑ. τῇ Ἴδῃ <span class="title">IG</span>12.191.11, cf. 373.118, al.; ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλι <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.105</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν θανόντων ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ</b> [[under]] its walls, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>764</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>860</span>; πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ' ἰωγῇ <span class="bibl">Od.14.533</span>; ὑ. τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>350b27</span>; ὑ. πέτρᾳ παῖς <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.19 (Epid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ὑ. τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ</b> ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); <b class="b3">ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς</b> (or [[Λῆνος]]) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); στρουθοὶ ὑ. τῇ τραπέζῃ <span class="title">Michel</span> 832.33 (Samos, iv B.C.); ὑ. τῇ μασχάλῃ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>11</span>; χέλυν δ' ὑ. μασχάλῃ εἶχεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>242</span>; ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>688b5</span>,<span class="bibl">14</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ὑ. τῇ γῇ ἀήρ</b> [[under]] the earth, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>295a28</span>; <b class="b3">ἐὰν ὑ. σοὶ κατακλινῇ</b> lies [[next below]] you, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>222e</span>; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἅρμασι</b> [[under]], i.e. [[yoked to]], the chariot, <span class="bibl">Il.8.402</span>, <span class="bibl">18.244</span>; εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ' αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος <span class="bibl">Plb.8.20.6</span> codd., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1800</span> <span class="title">Fr.</span>2.36 (<span class="title">Vit.Aesop.</span>); ὑ. τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν <span class="bibl">Plb.12.26a</span>.<span class="bibl">4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.7.9</span>; <b class="b3">τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτοῖς σχεδίας</b> [[under]] them, on which they stood, <span class="bibl">Id.3.46.8</span>; τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑ. τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae. ap. eund.<span class="bibl">12.25.7</span>; οἱ ὑ. τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam.2.31, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>940a37</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phgn.</span>806b16</span>; ὑ. τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>491b14</span>; ὑ. τῷ γενείῳ <span class="bibl">Plb.34.10.9</span>; τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero *Deff.135.12; ὑ. τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, <b class="b3">εἷσαν ὑ. φηγῷ</b> set [him] [[down under]] it, <span class="bibl">Il.5.693</span>; ἔζευξαν ὑφ' ἅρμασιν . . ἵππους <span class="bibl">Od.3.478</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.24.782</span>; ὑ. δ' ἄξοσι . . ἔπιπτον <span class="bibl">16.378</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.37</span>; δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.24.644</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in such phrases as <b class="b3">ὑ. χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι</b>, <span class="bibl">2.374</span>,<span class="bibl">860</span>, al.; ἐμῇς ὑ. χερσὶ δάμασσον <span class="bibl">3.352</span>; ὑ. δουρὶ δαμῆναι <span class="bibl">5.653</span>, etc.; ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑ. χερσί <span class="bibl">11.180</span>; ὤλετο . . ὑ. γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος <span class="bibl">16.489</span>; πέπληγμαι δ' ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1164</span> (lyr.); ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ' ἀνδράσι <span class="bibl">Il.6.453</span>; ὑ. τινὶ κτείνεσθαι <span class="bibl">16.490</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[behind]], ὑ. φάλαγγι Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>6.1; [[under the cover]] or [[protection of]], ὑ. τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.37.9</span>; ὑ. ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις <span class="bibl">Plb. 1.57.8</span>, <span class="bibl">4.12.10</span>, <span class="bibl">16.6.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of the person [[under whose hand]], [[power]], or [[influence]], or the thing [[by]] or [[through which]] a thing is done, <b class="b3">ὑπ' Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο</b> fled [[before]] them, <span class="bibl">Il.11.121</span>; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs, ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ' Ἕκτορι <span class="bibl">Il.15.637</span>; ὁρμηθέντες ὑ. πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης <span class="bibl">Od.13.82</span>; βῆ . . θεῶν ὑ. πομπῇ <span class="bibl">Il.6.171</span>; ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο <span class="bibl">23.215</span>; ὑ. λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών <span class="bibl">16.384</span>; <b class="b3">τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑ. τινί</b>, <span class="bibl">2.714</span>,<span class="bibl">728</span>,<span class="bibl">742</span>; ἀτῆθαι ὑ. τῷ μεμφομένῳ <span class="title">GDI</span>4994.8 (Crete); ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑ. τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>38.5, cf. 12,31,52. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> expressing [[subjection]] or [[dependence]], <b class="b3">ὑ. τινί</b> [[under]] one's [[power]], δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ <span class="bibl">Od.3.305</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.9.156</span>; ὑπ' ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν <span class="bibl">Od. 7.68</span>; <b class="b3">εἶναι ὑ. τισί</b> to be [[subordinate]], [[subject to]] them, <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος</b> [[under the eye of]]... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>391c</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ</b> have [[under]] one, [[at]] one's [[command]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.1.26</span>; τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>563c</span>; ὑ. τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cic.</span>44</span>: in pregnant sense, ἵνα . . πάντα ὑ. Πέρσῃσι γένηται <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.64</span>; ὑπ' ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.157</span>; κινδυνεύσαιμ' ἂν ὑ. τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ <span class="bibl">Lys.24.6</span>; ὑ. τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων <span class="bibl">Plb.18.11.4</span>; τοὺς τραφέντας ὑ. τούτοις <span class="bibl">Id.6.7.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of the subordination of things coming [[under]] a class, αἱ ὑ. ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>205c</span>; τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>511b</span>; ὄργανα . . τὰ ὑ. τῇ μουσικῇ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span> 295d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> as in A. 11.5, <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον</b> advanced [[to the music of]] the flute-player, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>283</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐλῷ, ὑ. κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">DDeor.</span>2.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Alex.</span>19</span>; ὑ. μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu.2.470e: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι . . πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο <span class="bibl">Od.4.402</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών</b> [[escorted by]] the lictors, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Publ.</span>10</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. σκότῳ, νυκτί</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1030</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">A.R. 1.1022</span>, etc.; λάμπει δ' ὑ. μαρμαρυγαῖς ὁ χρυσός <span class="bibl">B.3.17</span>; αἰθομένα δᾲς ὑ. ξανθαἵσι πεύκαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>79</span>; ὑ. φωτὶ πολλῷ προσῄει <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Galb.</span>14</span>; ὑ. λαμπάσιν ἡμμέναις <span class="bibl">Hld.10.41</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. πολλῷ στρατῷ</b> [[escorted by]] a great host, <span class="bibl">Nic.Dam.10J.</span>; ὑ. δικαιοσύνῃ διαγαγεῖν τὸν βίον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>335d</span>.— [[ὑπό]] has no sense c. dat. which it has not also c. gen.; but all its senses c. gen. do not belong to the dat.:—later [[ὑπό]] c. dat. is found as a mere periphr. of the dat., στέφος . . αὐτὸς ὑφ' ἡμετέραις πλεξάμενος παλάμαις <span class="title">AP</span>5.73 (Rufin.), cf. <span class="bibl">85</span> (Claudian.); λέων ὑπ' ἄκοντι τετυμμένος <span class="bibl">A.R.2.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Man.2.131</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUSATIVE, of Place; to express motion [[towards and under]] an object, <b class="b3">ὑ. σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα</b> drove them [[under]], i.e. [[into]], the cave, <span class="bibl">Il.4.279</span>; ὑ. ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν <span class="bibl">Od.3.383</span>; <b class="b3">σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμ' ὑ. γαῖαν</b>, i.e. shall die, <span class="bibl">Il.18.333</span>; νέεσθαι ὑ. ζόφον <span class="bibl">23.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.335</span>; <b class="b3">κατακρύπτειν τινὰ ὑ. τὴν αὐτὴν θύρην</b> [[under shelter]] of it, i.e. [[behind]] it, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.12</span>; πάϊς ὣς ὑ. μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα <span class="bibl">Il.8.271</span>; ὅκως ἔωσι ὑ. τὸν πεζὸν στρατὸν τὸν σφέτερον <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.96</span>; ὑ. τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ὁπλιτῶν τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ψιλῶν τετάχθαι <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Tact.</span>15.2</span>; of coming [[close up under]] a lofty citadel, <b class="b3">ἤλθεθ' ὑ. Τροίην</b> [[up to]] T., <span class="bibl">Od.4.146</span>; ὅτ' ἔμελλεν ὑ. πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος ἵξεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.11.181</span>; παυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθ' ὑ. τεῖχος ἄρειον <span class="bibl">4.407</span>; ὑ. τὰ τείχη φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Plb.1.74.11</span>; ὑ. τὰς ἴλας φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Id.3.65.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.105.6</span>, <span class="bibl">11.21.5</span>, al.; ὑ. ταὐτὸ στέγος εἰσελθεῖν <span class="title">GDI</span>3536 <span class="title">B</span>3 (Cnidus); πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἔλθῃ . . ὑ. τὴν ῥάβδον <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Le.</span>27.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">De.</span>4.11</span>, al.; so <b class="b3">ὑ. δικαστήριον ὑπαχθείς, ἀγαγόντες</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.72</span>,<span class="bibl">104</span> (cf. <b class="b3">ὑπάγειν ὑ. τοὺς ἐφόρους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">82</span>) prob. refers to the elevated seats of the judges in court, cf. [[ὑπάγω]] A ΙΙ. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of Position or Extension [[under]] an object, without sense of motion, Ἀρκαδίην ὑ. Κυλλήνης ὄρος <span class="bibl">Il.2.603</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">824</span>, etc.; ἰκριώσασι ὑ. τὴν ὀροφήν <span class="title">IG</span>12.374.76; <b class="b3">ἐργασαμένοις τὸ ἄνθεμον ὑ. τὴν ἀσπίδα</b> ib.371.9; τὰ μὲν ὑ. τὸν λόφον καὶ τὰμ φάραγγα <span class="title">Inscr.Prien.</span>37.162 (ii B.C.); ἀνθέντω ὑ. τὸν ναὸν τᾶς Δάματρος <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1498.13 (loc. inc., ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε</b> everywhere [[under]] the sun, <span class="bibl">Il.5.267</span>; ὑπ' αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο φοιτῶσι <span class="bibl">Od.2.181</span>; τῶν ὑ. τοῦτον τὸν ἥλιον . . ἀνθρώπων <span class="bibl">D.18.270</span>; τὰ ὑ. τὴν ἄρκτον <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>362a17</span>; οἴκησις ἡ λεγομένη ὑ. τὸν πόλον <span class="bibl">Gem.5.38</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.21</span>, al.; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ex.</span>17.14</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>106.14</span> (i B.C.); τὸ ὑ. τὴν ἀκρόπολιν <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>; ὁ ὑ. γῆν λεγόμενος εἶναι θεός <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.114</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.19.259</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆν</b> is more freq. than <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς</b> in <span class="bibl">Arist., <span class="title">Mete.</span>349b29</span>, al., in <span class="bibl">Hipparch., 1.3.10</span>, al., and entirely supersedes <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆς</b> in <span class="bibl">Hdt., 2.124</span>,<span class="bibl">125</span>,<span class="bibl">127</span>,<span class="bibl">148</span>,<span class="bibl">150</span>, <span class="bibl">3.102</span>, <span class="bibl">4.195</span>, <span class="bibl">7.114</span>, and <span class="bibl">Gem., 2.19</span>, al.; it is found also in <span class="bibl">Plb.21.28.11</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὑ. γῆν</b> [[the nadir]], opp. [[μεσουράνημα]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.98r</span>.<span class="bibl">49</span>, <span class="bibl">110.33</span> (i/ii A.D.); also ἄγχε δέ μιν . . ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑ. δειρήν <span class="bibl">Il.3.371</span>; Τρῶες . . πτῶσσον ὑ. κρημνούς <span class="bibl">21.26</span>; ἀγέροντο . . ἄλσος ὕ. σκιερόν <span class="bibl">Od.20.278</span>; τρωφεὶς ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).122.120 (Epid., iv B.C.); οὐλὴ ὑπ' ὀφθαλμὸν δεξιόν <span class="title">PCair.Zen</span>76.13 (iii B.C.); ὑ. τὸ μέρος τοῦ ἐνοφειλομένου ὑπογραψάτω ὅσον ἰδίᾳ ἔχει <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span> 19.2</span> (iii B.C.); κείμενος ὑ. τὸν ὀμφαλόν <span class="bibl">Sor.1.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">67</span>, al.; ὑ. τὰς πύλας ἵππων πόδες φαίνονται <span class="bibl">Th.5.10</span>; μὴ ὑποτιθέναι κύλικα ὑ. τὴν κλίνην <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).593 <span class="title">A</span>21 (Ceos, v B. C.); <b class="b3">ὑ. τὸν ὀδόν</b> ib.42(1).102.249 (Epid., iv B.C.); καταψύξατε ὑ. τὸ δένδρον <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>18.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τὸν λέβητα</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>7.7(6)</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τοὺς πόδας</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>3.34</span>; εἰς τοὺς ὑ. πόδα χωρεῖ τόπους Dsc.5.75 (v. πούς 1.6 g); <b class="b3">ἡ ὑ. πόδα</b> (sc. [[γραμμή]]) the [[base]] of a triangle, Hero *Mens.55; also <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐγὰς . . λεύσσουσαι πέπλους</b> [[holding]] them [[up to]] the light, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1154</span>; also <b class="b3">ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν</b> [[close to]] the eye, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pr.</span>874a9</span>; ὑποκειμένης τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑ. τὴν Ἀττικήν <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.108</span>; ὑπ' αὐτὴν ἐσχάτην στήλην ἔχων ἔχριμπτ' ἀεὶ σύριγγα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>720</span>; εἰ θεωρήσειεν ὑπ' αὐγὰς τὸν ἀνθρώπειον βίον <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Protr.</span>8</span> (cf. αὐγή ''1''): of subordinate position. κατακλίνεσθαι ὑ. τινά <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Symp.</span>9</span>; <b class="b3">τίς ὑ. τίνα;</b> who is [[next to]] whom, <span class="bibl">Onos.10.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> Math., <b class="b3">ὁ κύβος ὁ ὑ. τὴν . . σφαῖραν</b> [[inscribed in]] the sphere, <span class="bibl">Papp.440.5</span>; εἶναι ὑ. τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος <span class="bibl">Euc.11.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1.19</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τὰν αὐτὰν γωνίαν</b> [[subtending]]... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aren.</span> 1.20</span> (cj.), cf. <span class="bibl">21</span>; αἱ γωνίαι ὑφ' ἃς αἱ ὁμόλογοι πλευραὶ ὑποτείνουσι <span class="bibl">Euc.6.6</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of the logical subordination of things [[under]] a class, τῶν ἑτερογενῶν καὶ μὴ ὑπ' ἄλληλα τεταγμένων <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cat.</span>1b16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ ὑ. τὸ ψεῦδος τεταγμένοι</b> [[in the category of]]... <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Ind.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of [[subjection]], [[control]], [[dependence]], never in Hom., once in Hdt., ὑ. βασιλέα δασμοφόρος <span class="bibl">7.108</span>; ὑ. σφᾶς ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.4.60</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>348d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>488a10</span>, etc.; ἕως κα ᾖ ὑ. τὸν πατέρα <span class="title">Test.Epict.</span>3.29; ὑ. τιν' ἦν τῶν βασιλέων <span class="bibl">Men.340</span>; τί δ' οὐ κρατέοντος ὑπ' ἰσχύν; <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>75</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">74</span>; ὑ. Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>5616</span> (i A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>722.6</span> (i/ii A.D.), etc. (v. ἥλιος <span class="bibl">11.1</span>); ὑ. θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον <span class="title">Michel</span>854.52 (Halic., iii B.C.); τοῦ τοπαρχοῦντος ὑ. σέ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>322.3</span> (iii B.C.); στρατενσάμενον ὑ. ἄρχοντα Ἀντίοχον <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).43.7 (Rhodes); μηδὲ ὑ. δεσπότην ὤν <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Pr.</span> 6.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ps.</span>143.2</span>; for <b class="b3">ὑ. χεῖρα</b>, v. [[χείρ; οἱ ὑ. τινά]] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.6</span>,<span class="bibl">8.8.5</span>, etc.; τοῖς ὑφ' αὑτὸν τεταγμένοις <span class="title">GDI</span>3750.75 (Rhodes). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of Time, [[in the course of]], [[during]], or to be left untranslated in English, ἐκέλευε Τοωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθ' ὕ. τήνδ' ὀλοήν <span class="bibl">Il.22.102</span>; ὑ. τὴν νύκτα ταύτην <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">58</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τὴν πρώτην ἐπελθοῦσαν νύκτα ἀπέδρη</b> Id <span class="bibl">6.2</span>; τῆς κολοκύνθης . . ἣ ἐγενήθη ὑ. νύκτα καὶ ὑ. νύκτα ἀπώλετο <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Jn.</span>4.10</span>: rarely with stress on the [[duration]], <b class="b3">πάνθ' ὑ. μηνιθμόν</b> [[throughout]] its continuance, <span class="bibl">Il.16.202</span>; ὑ. τὸν παρεόντα τόνδε πόλεμον <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.60</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν τῶν κατ' Αἴγυπτον ὑ. ταῦτα ἑτεροιωθῆναι</b> [[during]] that time, <span class="bibl">Id.2.142</span>; ὑ. τὸν χρόνον ὃν οἱ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσιοι ἦρχον οἵδε ἐθεόρεον <span class="title">IG</span>12(8).276.4 (Thasos). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> also of Time, [[about]], sts. more precisely [[at]], and of events, [[about]] or [[at the time of]], <b class="b3">ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν χρόνον ὅτε</b> . . <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.165</span>; ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν καιρόν <span class="bibl">Plb. 11.27.4</span>, <span class="bibl">16.15.8</span>; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἕνα καιρόν</b> [[at]] one time, <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.38</span>; ὑ. τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον <span class="bibl">Th.2.26</span>; ὑ. τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους <span class="bibl">Id.1.100</span>; ὑ. τὸν σεισμόν <span class="bibl">Id.2.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.4.33.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alex.</span>14</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τὴν ἑωθινήν, ὑ. τὴν ὄρφνην</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb. 18.19.5</span>,<span class="bibl">7</span>; ὑ. τὸν ὄρθρον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>5.21</span>, <span class="title">Gp.</span>2.4.3; <b class="b3">ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς περιπάτους ὑ. τὸ ψῦχος</b> [[in]] the cool of the morning, <span class="bibl">Plb.5.56.10</span>; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἓν πάντες</b> all [[at]] once, [[at]] the same time, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.22.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span> 10.124</span>, <span class="bibl">Sor.1.103</span>, al.; <b class="b3">παιδάριον ὑ. τὴν ἀναπνοὴν ἑπτὰ καὶ πέντε στίχους συνεῖρον</b> [[in]] one breath, <span class="bibl">Plb.10.47.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὑφ' ἓν ἐκτρῖψαι</b> [[at]] one blow, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Wi.</span>12.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. μίαν ἄρσιν καὶ θέσιν ἀνατείνοντες καὶ κατατιθέμενοι</b>, of a squad of diggers, <span class="title">Gp.</span>2.45.5; <b class="b3">ὑ. μίαν φωνήν</b> Aristeas 178; <b class="b3">πῶς γὰρ ἂν ὑ. τὰς αὐτὰς ἡμέρας ἔν τε τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Κιλικίᾳ . . πολεμήσειε;</b> [[at]] the same time, <span class="bibl">D.C.36.35</span>; sts. c. part., <b class="b3">ὑ. τὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα</b> [[at the time of]] its burning, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.51</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τὴν κατάλυσιν τοῦ πολέμου</b> [[just at]] the end, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.8.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Mar.</span>46</span>; <b class="b3">ὑ. τὸν θυμὸν ἐκ χειρὸς ἐπιστρατευσαμένων</b> [[at the very time of]] their anger, <span class="bibl">Plb. 2.19.10</span>; ὑ. παροξυσμόν Gal.19.215; <b class="b3">παραδόντω τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσι εἰς τὸν ὑπ' αὐτὰ</b> (or [[ὕπαυτα]] as Adv. = [[ἑξῆς]]) ἐνιαυτόν <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).694.60 (Corc., ii/i B.C.); ὑ. κύνα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>547a14</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>1.13.3</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.19.109</span>; ὑ. τὰς θερινὰς [τροπὰς] καὶ τοῦ κυνὸς τὴν ἐπιτολήν <span class="title">Gp.</span>2.6.17. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> of accompaniment, ὑπὸ ὄρχησίν τε καὶ ᾠδήν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>670a</span>; ὑ. αὐλὸν διαλέγεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>6.3</span> codd. (<b class="b3">ὑ. τοῦ αὐλοῦ</b> Cobet); <b class="b3">ὑ. κήρυκα</b> (v. κῆρυξ <span class="bibl">1.3</span>).—Compare A.11.5, <span class="bibl">B.11.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὄνον ἕνα ὑ. λαχανόσπερμον</b> [[laden with]]... Meyer <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.</span>81.2</span> (i A. D.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>p.324</span> (i A.D.); ὄνοι ὑ. δένδρα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>362i6</span>, al. (iii A.D.); cf. supr. A.11.8. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> POSITION: [[ὑ]]. can follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe [[ὕπο]]. It is freq. separated from the Subst. by intervening words, as in <span class="bibl">Il.2.465</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.320</span>, <span class="bibl">7.130</span>:—[[ὑπαί]] is placed after its case in <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Eu.</span>417</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1418</span>, <span class="title">Inach.</span> l.c., although acc. to Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.480</span> it cannot suffer anastrophe. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">E</span> AS ADV., [[under]], [[below]], [[beneath]], freq. in Hom.; esp. of young animals, [[under the mother]], i.e. [[at the breast]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.636</span>, <span class="bibl">21.23</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[behind]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.61</span>: cf. C. ''1''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">ὑπ' ἐκ</b> or [[ὑπέκ]], v. [[ὑπέκ]].—In Hom. the separation of the Prep. from its Verb by tmesis is very freq., and sts. it follows, in which case it suffers anastrophe, φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ <span class="bibl">Od.9.17</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">F</span> IN COMPOSITION: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[under]], as well of rest as of motion, as in [[ὕπειμι]], [[ὑποβαίνω]], etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of the [[casing]] or [[covering]] of one thing with another, as [[ὑπάργυρος]], [[ὑπόχρυσος]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of the [[agency]] or [[influence under which]] a thing is done, to express subjection or subordination, [[ὑποδαμνάω]], [[ὑποδμώς]], [[ὑφηνίοχος]], cf. [[ἐπί]] G. ''III''. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> denoting what is in small degree or gradual, [[somewhat]], [[a little]], as in [[ὑποκινέω]], [[ὑποδεής]], [[ὑπόλευκος]] (so in tmesi, ὑ. τι ἀσεβῆ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 242d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>493c</span>; ὑ. τι μικρὸν ἐπιθήκισα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1290</span> (lyr.)). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[underhand]], [[secretly]], as in <b class="b3">ὑποθέω, ὑποθωπεύω, ὑποκορίζομαι, ὑπόρνυμι</b>.</span> | ||
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Revision as of 11:40, 4 January 2021
English (LSJ)
[ῠ], Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Aeol. ὐπά Alc.39; Boeot. ὑπά A Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 14 Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. ηυπύ only in IG 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. ὁπύ Schwyzer 664.15,21 (Orchom.Arc., iv B.C.); in Ep. ὑπαί (also B. 12.139): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑ. πόδα Il.2.824, ὑ. δέ 3.217, 11.417, 12.149, ὑ. δείους 10.376, 15.4); elsewh. (before λ ν ρ ϝ) it is weakly attested as v. l. for ὑπὸ (?~X ¯ ), e.g. ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ (v.l. ὑπαὶ) λιπαροῖσι Il.2.44, al.; but ὑπαὶ νεφέων is given by most codd. in Il.15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon. ap. Plu.2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικα h.Merc.165, ὑπαιφοινίσσω (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A.Ag.892,944,1164 (lyr.), Eu.417, S.El. 711,1418 (lyr.), Inach. in PTeb.692 ii5 (lyr.), E.El.1188 (lyr.), Ar. Ach.970 (paratrag.). (With ὑπό (ὕπο) cf. Skt. úpa 'towards, near to, etc.', Goth. uf 'under'.) A WITH GENITIVE, I of Place, with Verbs of motion, from under, αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου they will rise again from under the gloom, Il.21.56; ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε Hes.Th.669; ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους Od.9.141, cf. Pl.Phdr.230b; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν Il.19.17; ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν from under the storm-cloud, B.12.139; esp. of rescuing from under another's power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν, Il.9.248, 13.198, 17.224,235; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς from the consequences of, 23.86; also ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ from under the yoke, 8.543, Od.4.39; ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην I loosed myself from under the ram, 9.463; σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν, i.e. was born, Pi.N.1.35, cf. O.6.43; rarely in Trag., ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας E.Andr.441; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα Id.Hec.53; once in Hdt., τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8; αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ SIG47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. ὑπέκ. 2 of the object under which a thing is or is placed, under, beneath, with collat. sense of motion, as μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς thrust it in under the embers, Od. 9.375; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας Il.4.106; τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν Hes.Th.717: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο Il.3.372; βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14; ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός Od.11.52; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός A.Th.588; ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέλη Pi.O.2.83; νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιο Il.16.347; τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια Pl.Phdr.249a; δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτειν E.Hec.342; φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο ib.762: Thom.Mag.p.375 R. says that ὑ. = under takes gen. in Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου, which is v.l. in Od.9.329 for ὑ. κόπρῳ, is called by Eust.1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης (v. κόλπος, μάλη); but in Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine ὑ. c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. ὑ. γῆς; it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and NT; X. has ὑ. ἁμάξης ( = from under) An.6.4.22,25; the Orators have only ὑ. μάλης, Lys.Fr.54, D.29.12; ὑ. γῆς is found in Pl.Ap.18b, Mx. 246d, R.414d, al., Arist.Mete.352b6, al., Hipparch.2.2.45, Plb.18.18.10 (ὑ. τῆς γῆς), 21.28.3,10. b metaph., ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ under his rule, Od.19.114. II of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς Il.3.436, cf. 4.479; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ' Ἕκτορος 17.428; εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι 1.242; τὸν . . τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ . . παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt.1.137; οἵαις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι A.Pr.308, cf. Th.7, al.; πέλεκυς . . ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος Il.3.61; ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν . . φοβέοντο . . ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ' ἐχθρῶν A.Pr.1042 (anap.); ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες Th.1.77; ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους Id.4.66; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων Id.6.5; ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν Id.4.64; κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους . . τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως we have been called shameful names by... S.Aj.1321; κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν to be ill spoken of by... Isoc.4.77, cf. Pl.Hp.Ma.304e, X.An. 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο, Hdt.9.98, E.Alc.737, cf. Th.6.32; ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων . . πορεύεται S.Tr.391; ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων Pl.Phlb.66a: sts. with a verbal Subst., τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα (i. e. ἐπιταττόμενον) Id.R.359a; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο A.Th.1029; ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις X. Mem.2.1.34; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή Id.Cyr.3.3.2; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος Pl. R.378d; so ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους( = οὐ τετρωμένον) prob. in A.Ch. 532. 2 also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, ὅθ' ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι hasten driven on by them, Il.13.334; ὑφ' Ἕκτορος . . φεύγοντες fleeing before him, 18.149, χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος 13.153, cf. 7.64, 11.119,424, Od.5.320, 7.263, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν X.HG5.1.5; ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν, Hdt.9.78, A.Eu.99; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων Th.7.78, cf. Ar.V.1084. 3 freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου Th.7.77; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς IG42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων Pl.Tht.142b; ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς IG42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου Aen.Tact.20.4: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ' ὑ. χάρματος h.Cer. 371; ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο, A.Ag.541,587; μαίνεται . . ὑφ' ἡδονῆς S.El.1153; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il.10.376; ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν Hdt.1.85, cf. Th.6.33; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν Id.4.66; ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο Hdt.3.129; ὑπ' ἄλγους A.Eu.183; ὑπ' ὀργῆς Ar.V.1083; ὑ. λύπης S.OT1073: hence ὑπό is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας from courage, i. e. impelled by courage, Hdt.8.1; ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων Id.7.22, cf. 56; οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ' ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς by my agency, S.Ph. 1118 (lyr.); αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκας not under compulsion, GDI5128.5 (Vaxos). 4 ὑπό freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς Il.4.276, cf. 16.591, etc.: sts. with part. added, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν at their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. 18.220. 5 of accompanying music, to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦ Hes.Sc.281, cf. 278; ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆρος Archil.123, cf. Thgn.825, Charon Fr.9; πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος Ar.Ach.1001: generally, of anything attendant, δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il.18.492, cf. E.Hel.639 (lyr.), Ion1474 (lyr.); καταθάψομεν . . ὑ. κλαυθμῶν A.Ag.1554 (anap.); ὑπ' εὐκλείας θανεῖν E.Hipp.1299; εἴσειμ' ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων Ar.Ach.970; ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, S.El.630; ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι by lantern-light, X.Lac.5.7; ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά in or with solemn procession, Hdt.2.45, cf. Ar.Th.1030; ὑ. βίης βήξας coughing with violence, violently, Hdt.6.107; ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων, i.e. they shot and lashed, X.An.3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1. 6 ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν, = ἐπί c. gen., SIG171 (Olympia, iv B.C.). 7 Math., ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ the angle ΘΔΗ( = ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία), Procl. Hyp.2.26; but also τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ the rectangle contained by ΑΓ, ΓΒ, = ΑΓ χ ΓΒ, Euc.2.4. 8 ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου laden with wine, Pap. in Hermes 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2. B WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in LXX (Jb.12.5 is dub. l.) or NT, not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position under, ὑ. ποσσί Il.2.784, al.; ὑ. πλατανίστῳ ib.307, cf. 18.558; ὑ. Τμώλῳ at its foot, 2.866, cf. Od.1.186; Βερύσιοι ὑ. τῇ Ἴδῃ IG12.191.11, cf. 373.118, al.; ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλι Hdt.6.105; τῶν θανόντων ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ under its walls, E.Hec.764, cf. A.Ag.860; πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ' ἰωγῇ Od.14.533; ὑ. τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς Arist.Mete.350b27; ὑ. πέτρᾳ παῖς IG42(1).122.19 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς (or Λῆνος) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); στρουθοὶ ὑ. τῇ τραπέζῃ Michel 832.33 (Samos, iv B.C.); ὑ. τῇ μασχάλῃ Hp.Art.11; χέλυν δ' ὑ. μασχάλῃ εἶχεν h.Merc.242; ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις Arist.PA688b5,14; ὁ ὑ. τῇ γῇ ἀήρ under the earth, Id.Cael.295a28; ἐὰν ὑ. σοὶ κατακλινῇ lies next below you, Pl.Smp.222e; ὑφ' ἅρμασι under, i.e. yoked to, the chariot, Il.8.402, 18.244; εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ' αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος Plb.8.20.6 codd., cf. POxy.1800 Fr.2.36 (Vit.Aesop.); ὑ. τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν Plb.12.26a.4, cf. 13.7.9; τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτοῖς σχεδίας under them, on which they stood, Id.3.46.8; τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑ. τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae. ap. eund.12.25.7; οἱ ὑ. τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam.2.31, cf. Arist.Pr.940a37, Phgn.806b16; ὑ. τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες Id.HA491b14; ὑ. τῷ γενείῳ Plb.34.10.9; τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero *Deff.135.12; ὑ. τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102. 2 with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, εἷσαν ὑ. φηγῷ set [him] down under it, Il.5.693; ἔζευξαν ὑφ' ἅρμασιν . . ἵππους Od.3.478, cf. Il.24.782; ὑ. δ' ἄξοσι . . ἔπιπτον 16.378, cf. X.Cyr.7.1.37; δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι Il.24.644. 3 in such phrases as ὑ. χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι, 2.374,860, al.; ἐμῇς ὑ. χερσὶ δάμασσον 3.352; ὑ. δουρὶ δαμῆναι 5.653, etc.; ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑ. χερσί 11.180; ὤλετο . . ὑ. γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος 16.489; πέπληγμαι δ' ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ A.Ag.1164 (lyr.); ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ' ἀνδράσι Il.6.453; ὑ. τινὶ κτείνεσθαι 16.490. 4 behind, ὑ. φάλαγγι Ascl.Tact.6.1; under the cover or protection of, ὑ. τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι Aen.Tact.37.9; ὑ. ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις Plb. 1.57.8, 4.12.10, 16.6.1. II of the person under whose hand, power, or influence, or the thing by or through which a thing is done, ὑπ' Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο fled before them, Il.11.121; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs, ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ' Ἕκτορι Il.15.637; ὁρμηθέντες ὑ. πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης Od.13.82; βῆ . . θεῶν ὑ. πομπῇ Il.6.171; ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο 23.215; ὑ. λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών 16.384; τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑ. τινί, 2.714,728,742; ἀτῆθαι ὑ. τῷ μεμφομένῳ GDI4994.8 (Crete); ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑ. τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι Inscr.Magn.38.5, cf. 12,31,52. 2 expressing subjection or dependence, ὑ. τινί under one's power, δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ Od.3.305, cf. Il.9.156; ὑπ' ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν Od. 7.68; εἶναι ὑ. τισί to be subordinate, subject to them, Th.1.32; ὑ. Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος under the eye of... Pl.R.391c; ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ have under one, at one's command, X.Cyr.2.1.26; τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Pl.R.563c; ὑ. τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι Plu.Cic.44: in pregnant sense, ἵνα . . πάντα ὑ. Πέρσῃσι γένηται Hdt.7.11, cf. Th.7.64; ὑπ' ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt.7.157; κινδυνεύσαιμ' ἂν ὑ. τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ Lys.24.6; ὑ. τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων Plb.18.11.4; τοὺς τραφέντας ὑ. τούτοις Id.6.7.2. 3 of the subordination of things coming under a class, αἱ ὑ. ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι Pl.Smp.205c; τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις Id.R.511b; ὄργανα . . τὰ ὑ. τῇ μουσικῇ Id.Hp.Ma. 295d. 4 as in A. 11.5, ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον advanced to the music of the flute-player, Hes.Sc.283; ὑπ' αὐλῷ, ὑ. κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ, Luc.DDeor.2.2, Alex.19; ὑ. μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu.2.470e: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι . . πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od.4.402; ὑ. ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών escorted by the lictors, Plu.Publ.10; ὑ. σκότῳ, νυκτί, A.Ag.1030 (lyr.), A.R. 1.1022, etc.; λάμπει δ' ὑ. μαρμαρυγαῖς ὁ χρυσός B.3.17; αἰθομένα δᾲς ὑ. ξανθαἵσι πεύκαις Pi.Fr.79; ὑ. φωτὶ πολλῷ προσῄει Plu.Galb.14; ὑ. λαμπάσιν ἡμμέναις Hld.10.41; ὑ. πολλῷ στρατῷ escorted by a great host, Nic.Dam.10J.; ὑ. δικαιοσύνῃ διαγαγεῖν τὸν βίον Pl.Ep.335d.— ὑπό has no sense c. dat. which it has not also c. gen.; but all its senses c. gen. do not belong to the dat.:—later ὑπό c. dat. is found as a mere periphr. of the dat., στέφος . . αὐτὸς ὑφ' ἡμετέραις πλεξάμενος παλάμαις AP5.73 (Rufin.), cf. 85 (Claudian.); λέων ὑπ' ἄκοντι τετυμμένος A.R.2.26, cf. Man.2.131. C WITH ACCUSATIVE, of Place; to express motion towards and under an object, ὑ. σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα drove them under, i.e. into, the cave, Il.4.279; ὑ. ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Od.3.383; σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμ' ὑ. γαῖαν, i.e. shall die, Il.18.333; νέεσθαι ὑ. ζόφον 23.51, cf. Od.3.335; κατακρύπτειν τινὰ ὑ. τὴν αὐτὴν θύρην under shelter of it, i.e. behind it, Hdt.1.12; πάϊς ὣς ὑ. μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα Il.8.271; ὅκως ἔωσι ὑ. τὸν πεζὸν στρατὸν τὸν σφέτερον Hdt.9.96; ὑ. τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ὁπλιτῶν τὸν πρῶτον λόχον τῶν ψιλῶν τετάχθαι Ael.Tact.15.2; of coming close up under a lofty citadel, ἤλθεθ' ὑ. Τροίην up to T., Od.4.146; ὅτ' ἔμελλεν ὑ. πτόλιν αἰπύ τε τεῖχος ἵξεσθαι Il.11.181; παυρότερον λαὸν ἀγαγόνθ' ὑ. τεῖχος ἄρειον 4.407; ὑ. τὰ τείχη φεύγειν Plb.1.74.11; ὑ. τὰς ἴλας φεύγειν Id.3.65.7, cf. 3.105.6, 11.21.5, al.; ὑ. ταὐτὸ στέγος εἰσελθεῖν GDI3536 B3 (Cnidus); πᾶν ὃ ἐὰν ἔλθῃ . . ὑ. τὴν ῥάβδον LXXLe.27.32, cf. De.4.11, al.; so ὑ. δικαστήριον ὑπαχθείς, ἀγαγόντες, Hdt.6.72,104 (cf. ὑπάγειν ὑ. τοὺς ἐφόρους ib.82) prob. refers to the elevated seats of the judges in court, cf. ὑπάγω A ΙΙ. 2 of Position or Extension under an object, without sense of motion, Ἀρκαδίην ὑ. Κυλλήνης ὄρος Il.2.603, cf. 824, etc.; ἰκριώσασι ὑ. τὴν ὀροφήν IG12.374.76; ἐργασαμένοις τὸ ἄνθεμον ὑ. τὴν ἀσπίδα ib.371.9; τὰ μὲν ὑ. τὸν λόφον καὶ τὰμ φάραγγα Inscr.Prien.37.162 (ii B.C.); ἀνθέντω ὑ. τὸν ναὸν τᾶς Δάματρος IG5(1).1498.13 (loc. inc., ii B.C.); ὅσσοι ἔασιν ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε everywhere under the sun, Il.5.267; ὑπ' αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο φοιτῶσι Od.2.181; τῶν ὑ. τοῦτον τὸν ἥλιον . . ἀνθρώπων D.18.270; τὰ ὑ. τὴν ἄρκτον Hdt. 5.10, cf. Arist.Mete.362a17; οἴκησις ἡ λεγομένη ὑ. τὸν πόλον Gem.5.38, cf. 16.21, al.; ὑ. τὸν οὐρανόν LXXEx.17.14, al., UPZ106.14 (i B.C.); τὸ ὑ. τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Th.2.17; ὁ ὑ. γῆν λεγόμενος εἶναι θεός Hdt.7.114, cf. Il.19.259; ὑ. γῆν is more freq. than ὑ. γῆς in Arist., Mete.349b29, al., in Hipparch., 1.3.10, al., and entirely supersedes ὑ. γῆς in Hdt., 2.124,125,127,148,150, 3.102, 4.195, 7.114, and Gem., 2.19, al.; it is found also in Plb.21.28.11, etc.; ὑ. γῆν the nadir, opp. μεσουράνημα, PLond.1.98r.49, 110.33 (i/ii A.D.); also ἄγχε δέ μιν . . ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑ. δειρήν Il.3.371; Τρῶες . . πτῶσσον ὑ. κρημνούς 21.26; ἀγέροντο . . ἄλσος ὕ. σκιερόν Od.20.278; τρωφεὶς ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν IG42(1).122.120 (Epid., iv B.C.); οὐλὴ ὑπ' ὀφθαλμὸν δεξιόν PCair.Zen76.13 (iii B.C.); ὑ. τὸ μέρος τοῦ ἐνοφειλομένου ὑπογραψάτω ὅσον ἰδίᾳ ἔχει PRev.Laws 19.2 (iii B.C.); κείμενος ὑ. τὸν ὀμφαλόν Sor.1.7, cf. 67, al.; ὑ. τὰς πύλας ἵππων πόδες φαίνονται Th.5.10; μὴ ὑποτιθέναι κύλικα ὑ. τὴν κλίνην IG12(5).593 A21 (Ceos, v B. C.); ὑ. τὸν ὀδόν ib.42(1).102.249 (Epid., iv B.C.); καταψύξατε ὑ. τὸ δένδρον LXX Ge.18.4; ὑ. τὸν λέβητα ib.Ec.7.7(6); ὑ. τοὺς πόδας ib.La.3.34; εἰς τοὺς ὑ. πόδα χωρεῖ τόπους Dsc.5.75 (v. πούς 1.6 g); ἡ ὑ. πόδα (sc. γραμμή) the base of a triangle, Hero *Mens.55; also ὑπ' αὐγὰς . . λεύσσουσαι πέπλους holding them up to the light, E.Hec.1154; also ὑ. τὸν ὀφθαλμόν close to the eye, Arist. Pr.874a9; ὑποκειμένης τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑ. τὴν Ἀττικήν Isoc.4.108; ὑπ' αὐτὴν ἐσχάτην στήλην ἔχων ἔχριμπτ' ἀεὶ σύριγγα S.El.720; εἰ θεωρήσειεν ὑπ' αὐγὰς τὸν ἀνθρώπειον βίον Iamb.Protr.8 (cf. αὐγή 1): of subordinate position. κατακλίνεσθαι ὑ. τινά Luc.Symp.9; τίς ὑ. τίνα; who is next to whom, Onos.10.2. b Math., ὁ κύβος ὁ ὑ. τὴν . . σφαῖραν inscribed in the sphere, Papp.440.5; εἶναι ὑ. τὸ αὐτὸ ὕψος Euc.11.29, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.19; ὑ. τὰν αὐτὰν γωνίαν subtending... Id.Aren. 1.20 (cj.), cf. 21; αἱ γωνίαι ὑφ' ἃς αἱ ὁμόλογοι πλευραὶ ὑποτείνουσι Euc.6.6,al. 3 of the logical subordination of things under a class, τῶν ἑτερογενῶν καὶ μὴ ὑπ' ἄλληλα τεταγμένων Arist.Cat.1b16, etc.; οἱ ὑ. τὸ ψεῦδος τεταγμένοι in the category of... Luc.Ind.20. II of subjection, control, dependence, never in Hom., once in Hdt., ὑ. βασιλέα δασμοφόρος 7.108; ὑ. σφᾶς ποιεῖσθαι Th.4.60, cf. Pl.R.348d, Arist. HA488a10, etc.; ἕως κα ᾖ ὑ. τὸν πατέρα Test.Epict.3.29; ὑ. τιν' ἦν τῶν βασιλέων Men.340; τί δ' οὐ κρατέοντος ὑπ' ἰσχύν; Call.Jov.75, cf. 74; ὑ. Δία Γῆν Ἥλιον Sammelb.5616 (i A.D.), POxy.722.6 (i/ii A.D.), etc. (v. ἥλιος 11.1); ὑ. θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον Michel854.52 (Halic., iii B.C.); τοῦ τοπαρχοῦντος ὑ. σέ PCair.Zen.322.3 (iii B.C.); στρατενσάμενον ὑ. ἄρχοντα Ἀντίοχον IG12(1).43.7 (Rhodes); μηδὲ ὑ. δεσπότην ὤν LXXPr. 6.7, cf. Ps.143.2; for ὑ. χεῖρα, v. χείρ; οἱ ὑ. τινά X.Cyr.3.3.6,8.8.5, etc.; τοῖς ὑφ' αὑτὸν τεταγμένοις GDI3750.75 (Rhodes). III of Time, in the course of, during, or to be left untranslated in English, ἐκέλευε Τοωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθ' ὕ. τήνδ' ὀλοήν Il.22.102; ὑ. τὴν νύκτα ταύτην Hdt.9.51, cf. 58; ὑ. τὴν πρώτην ἐπελθοῦσαν νύκτα ἀπέδρη Id 6.2; τῆς κολοκύνθης . . ἣ ἐγενήθη ὑ. νύκτα καὶ ὑ. νύκτα ἀπώλετο LXXJn.4.10: rarely with stress on the duration, πάνθ' ὑ. μηνιθμόν throughout its continuance, Il.16.202; ὑ. τὸν παρεόντα τόνδε πόλεμον Hdt.9.60; οὐδὲν τῶν κατ' Αἴγυπτον ὑ. ταῦτα ἑτεροιωθῆναι during that time, Id.2.142; ὑ. τὸν χρόνον ὃν οἱ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσιοι ἦρχον οἵδε ἐθεόρεον IG12(8).276.4 (Thasos). 2 also of Time, about, sts. more precisely at, and of events, about or at the time of, ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν χρόνον ὅτε . . Ar.Ach.139, cf. Hdt.7.165; ὑπ' αὐτὸν τὸν καιρόν Plb. 11.27.4, 16.15.8; ὑφ' ἕνα καιρόν at one time, Diog.Oen.38; ὑ. τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Th.2.26; ὑ. τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους Id.1.100; ὑ. τὸν σεισμόν Id.2.27, cf. Plb.4.33.5, Plu.Alex.14; ὑ. τὴν ἑωθινήν, ὑ. τὴν ὄρφνην, Plb. 18.19.5,7; ὑ. τὸν ὄρθρον Act.Ap.5.21, Gp.2.4.3; ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς περιπάτους ὑ. τὸ ψῦχος in the cool of the morning, Plb.5.56.10; ὑφ' ἓν πάντες all at once, at the same time, Arr.Epict.3.22.33, cf. S.E.M. 10.124, Sor.1.103, al.; παιδάριον ὑ. τὴν ἀναπνοὴν ἑπτὰ καὶ πέντε στίχους συνεῖρον in one breath, Plb.10.47.9; ὑφ' ἓν ἐκτρῖψαι at one blow, LXX Wi.12.9; ὑ. μίαν ἄρσιν καὶ θέσιν ἀνατείνοντες καὶ κατατιθέμενοι, of a squad of diggers, Gp.2.45.5; ὑ. μίαν φωνήν Aristeas 178; πῶς γὰρ ἂν ὑ. τὰς αὐτὰς ἡμέρας ἔν τε τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ καὶ ἐν τῇ Κιλικίᾳ . . πολεμήσειε; at the same time, D.C.36.35; sts. c. part., ὑ. τὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα at the time of its burning, Hdt.1.51; ὑ. τὴν κατάλυσιν τοῦ πολέμου just at the end, X.Mem.2.8.1, cf. Plu.Mar.46; ὑ. τὸν θυμὸν ἐκ χειρὸς ἐπιστρατευσαμένων at the very time of their anger, Plb. 2.19.10; ὑ. παροξυσμόν Gal.19.215; παραδόντω τοῖς αἱρεθεῖσι εἰς τὸν ὑπ' αὐτὰ (or ὕπαυτα as Adv. = ἑξῆς) ἐνιαυτόν IG9(1).694.60 (Corc., ii/i B.C.); ὑ. κύνα Arist.HA547a14, Thphr.CP1.13.3, D.S.19.109; ὑ. τὰς θερινὰς [τροπὰς] καὶ τοῦ κυνὸς τὴν ἐπιτολήν Gp.2.6.17. IV of accompaniment, ὑπὸ ὄρχησίν τε καὶ ᾠδήν Pl.Lg.670a; ὑ. αὐλὸν διαλέγεσθαι X.Smp.6.3 codd. (ὑ. τοῦ αὐλοῦ Cobet); ὑ. κήρυκα (v. κῆρυξ 1.3).—Compare A.11.5, B.11.4. 2 ὄνον ἕνα ὑ. λαχανόσπερμον laden with... Meyer Ostr.81.2 (i A. D.), cf. PFay.p.324 (i A.D.); ὄνοι ὑ. δένδρα BGU362i6, al. (iii A.D.); cf. supr. A.11.8. D POSITION: ὑ. can follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe ὕπο. It is freq. separated from the Subst. by intervening words, as in Il.2.465, Od.5.320, 7.130:—ὑπαί is placed after its case in A. Eu.417, S.El.1418, Inach. l.c., although acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.480 it cannot suffer anastrophe. E AS ADV., under, below, beneath, freq. in Hom.; esp. of young animals, under the mother, i.e. at the breast, Od.4.636, 21.23. 2 behind, Hdt.7.61: cf. C. 1. II ὑπ' ἐκ or ὑπέκ, v. ὑπέκ.—In Hom. the separation of the Prep. from its Verb by tmesis is very freq., and sts. it follows, in which case it suffers anastrophe, φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρ Od.9.17. F IN COMPOSITION: I under, as well of rest as of motion, as in ὕπειμι, ὑποβαίνω, etc. 2 of the casing or covering of one thing with another, as ὑπάργυρος, ὑπόχρυσος. 3 of the agency or influence under which a thing is done, to express subjection or subordination, ὑποδαμνάω, ὑποδμώς, ὑφηνίοχος, cf. ἐπί G. III. II denoting what is in small degree or gradual, somewhat, a little, as in ὑποκινέω, ὑποδεής, ὑπόλευκος (so in tmesi, ὑ. τι ἀσεβῆ Pl.Phdr. 242d, cf. Grg.493c; ὑ. τι μικρὸν ἐπιθήκισα Ar.V.1290 (lyr.)). III underhand, secretly, as in ὑποθέω, ὑποθωπεύω, ὑποκορίζομαι, ὑπόρνυμι.
German (Pape)
[Seite 1207] p. u. bes. ep. ὑπαί, wenn die letzte Sylbe lang sein soll (s. oben besonders), sub.
French (Bailly abrégé)
adv. et prép.
sous;
Adv. (accentué ὕπο) dessous, en dessous : τοὺς δ’ ἄρ’ ὕπο τρόμος εἷλεν IL le tremblement les saisit en bas, càd dans les jambes ; τρομέειν δ’ ὕπο φαίδιμα γυῖα IL en bas mes membres brillants tremblent;
Prép.;
• GÉN. 1 de dessous : ἵππους λῦσαι ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ IL délier les chevaux de dessous le joug, dételer des chevaux ; λύεσθαι ὑπ’ ἀρνειοῦ OD se détacher de dessous le ventre du bélier ; αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑπὸ ζόφου IL ils ressusciteront du royaume des ombres;
2 sous : ὑπὸ χθονός, ὑπὸ γῆς sous terre ; ὄσσε ὑπὸ βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν IL les yeux brillèrent sous les paupières;
3 par suite de, par le fait de, par : δαμῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ δουρί IL être dompté, abattu par la lance de qqn ; θνῄσκειν ὑπό τινος IL mourir par le fait de qqn ; φεύγειν ὑπό τινος IL être mis en fuite par qqn, fuir devant qqn (pour d’autres sens de φεύγειν ὑπό τινος, v. φεύγω) ; ἐκπεσεῖν ὑπό τινος THC être chassé par qqn ; ἀναστῆναι ὑπό τινος THC être forcé par qqn d’émigrer ; εὖ πράττω ὑπό τινος SOPH j’éprouve, il m’arrive qch de bon de la part de qqn ; δίκην διδόναι ὑπό τινος être puni par qqn, être l’objet d’une vengeance de la part de qqn ; αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑπό τινος ESCHL ête accusé par qqn ; εὖ ἀκούειν ὑπό τινος XÉN avoir bonne réputation auprès de qqn ; ὑπὸ λύπης XÉN par l’effet du chagrin ; ὑπὸ δέους THC par l’effet de la peur, de peur ; μνήμης ὕπο SOPH de mémoire ; ὑπ’ ἀπλοίας THC par suite d’un temps défavorable sur mer ; ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν βέλων XÉN par suite de l’abondance des traits ; avec le rég. de la pers. par le concours ou l’entremise de laquelle qch arrive : ὑπὸ κήρυκος προαγορεύειν HDT, ἀπειπεῖν EUR annoncer, défendre par la voix du héraut ; ὑπὸ κήρυκος εὐχὰς ποιεῖσθαι THC faire une prière que le héraut prononce à haute voix ; avec un subst. au lieu d’un verbe : ἡ ὑπό τινος παίδευσις XÉN l’éducation faite par qqn ; ἡ ὑπὸ πάντων τιμή XÉN témoignages de respect de la part de tous;
4 sous la conduite de ; avec accompagnement de : χωρεῖν ὑπ’ αὐλητῶν THC s’avancer au son de la musique des joueurs de flûte ; ἄελλα ὑπὸ βροντῆς εἶσι πέδονδε IL l’orage se précipite sur le sol avec accompagnement de tonnerre ; δαΐδων ὑπὸ λαμπομενάων IL à la lueur brillante des torches ; ὑπὸ πομπῆς HDT en un cortège solennel ; ὑπὸ κλαυθμῶν ESCHL au milieu des hurlements de douleur ; ὑπὸ σκότου dans l’obscurité, dans le secret;
• DAT. : sous :
1 au propre sous avec idée d’une chose qui recouvre, sans mouv. : ἔρδειν ἑκατόμβας ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ IL offrir des hécatombes sous un platane ; ὑφ’ ἅρμασιν IL attelés au char ; οἱ ὑπὸ τοῖς ἅρμασιν ἵπποι XÉN les chevaux de trait;
2 p. anal. au bas de, au pied de : τοῦ ὄρους ὑφ’ ᾧ ἦν ἡ κώμη XÉN de la montagne au bas de laquelle était le village ; μάρνασθαι τείχει ὕπο Τρώων IL combattre sous les murs des Troyens;
3 fig. pour marquer l’infériorité, la dépendance : δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ’ αὐτῷ OD le peuple était sujet sous lui, càd soumis à son autorité ; εἶναι ὑπό τινι THC être sous la dépendance de qqn ; ὑφ’ ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν XÉN avoir sous sa domination ; γίγνεσθαι ὑπό τινι HDT, THC, XÉN tomber sous la domination de qqn, devenir le sujet de qqn ; ὑφ’ ἑαυτῷ ποιεῖσθαι HDT amener en sa puissance, soumettre à soi-même;
4 sous l’influence de, par le fait de, par suite de, à cause de, par : εἴκει δ’ ὑπὸ βῶλος ἀρότρῳ OD la glèbe cède sous la charrue ; ὑπὸ χερσί τινος δαμῆναι IL être dompté ou vaincu par la main de qqn;
5 sous la consuite de, avec accompagnement de : θεῶν ὑπ’ ἀμύμονι πομπῇ IL sous la conduite sûre des dieux ; ὑπ’ αὐλῷ καὶ τυμπάνοις LUC au son de la flûte et des tambours ; ὑπὸ σκότῳ dans l’obscurité, dans le secret;
• ACC. : sous :
I. avec mouv.
1 ἰέναι ὑπὸ γαῖαν IL aller sous terre ; νέεσθαι ὑπὸ ζόφον IL, ἐλθεῖν ὑπὸ ζόφον OD aller dans le royaume des ombres ; δῦναι ὑπὸ κῦμα IL, ὑπὸ πόντον OD s’enfoncer dans les flots, sous la mer ; ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἄγειν ἵππους IL mener des chevaux sous le joug;
2 p. anal. sous, au bas de, au pied de : ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἐλθεῖν IL venir sous les murs de Troie ; ὑπὸ δικαστήριον ἄγειν τινά HDT citer qqn en justice ; ὑπὸ τοὺς ἐφόρους ὑπάγειν HDT, ὑπὸ τὸν δῆμον ὑπάγειν HDT citer devant les éphores, devant le peuple;
3 p. ext. au fond de : ὑπὸ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα IL il poussa les brebis au fond de la caverne;
4 à l’abri, sous ; derrière : ὑπὸ θύρην HDT derrière la porte;
II. sans mouv.
1 sous : ὑπὸ γῆν εἶναι HDT être sous terre, dans les enfers ; οὔτε ὕπεστι οἰκήματα ὑπὸ γῆν HDT et il n’y a pas de chambres souterraines;
2 au pied de : Ἀρκαδίη ὑπὸ Κυλλήνης ὄρος IL l’Arcadie qui s’étend au pied du mt Kyllènè ; αἱ ὑπὸ τὸ ὄρος κῶμαι XÉN les villages situés au pied de la montagne ; οἱ ὑπὸ τὸ ψεῦδος τεταγμένοι LUC ceux appartenant à la catégorie des pseudonymes ; adv. ὑπό τι AR en qqe mesure;
3 fig. pour marquer la subordination ou la dépendance : ὑφ’ ἑαυτὸν ποιεῖσθαι mettre sous son pouvoir, soumettre à soi-même ; γίγνεσθαι ὑπό τινα THC tomber sous la domination de qqn ; οἱ ὑπό τινα XÉN les sujets, les subordonnés de qqn ; avec idée de protection εἶναι ὑπὸ τὸν πεζὸν στρατόν HDT être sous la protection de l’armée de terre;
4 avec idée de temps près de, aux environs de, à l’approche de : ὑπὸ νύκτα IL à l’entrée de la nuit ; ὑπὸ τὴν κατάλυσιν τοῦ πολέμου XÉN peu de temps avant (litt. vers) la fin de la guerre ; durant, pendant : ὑπὸ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους THC à la même époque ; πάνθ’ ὑπὸ μηνιθμόν IL pendant toute ma rancune, tant que je gardai rancune ; ὑπὸ ταῦτα HDT pendant ce temps;
REM. I. ὑπό se place souv. en poésie après son rég. ; il s’accentue alors ὕπο;
II. en composition, ὑπό marque;
1 l’idée de « être sous », sans mouv. (ὕπειμι, ὑπολείπω, ὑπόγειος, …), avec mouv. (ὑπάγω, ὑποβάλλω, …);
2 une idée de subordination : ὑποτάσσω, ὑπακούω, …;
3 l’idée de « agir en dessous » : ὑπάγω, ὑφαιρέω, …;
4 l’idée de « approcher de, être voisin de », au sens d’un dim. : ὑπόλεπτος.
Étymologie: cf. lat. sub.
English (Autenrieth)
(cf. sub): under. — I. adv., underneath, below, beneath, of motion or rest, ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυν ποσὶν (‘for the feet’) ἥσει, Il. 14.240; ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν, Od. 1.131; χεῦεν ὕπο ῥῶπας, Od. 16.47; often to indicate the position of parts of the body (in ‘plastic’ style as if one were looking at a picture up and down), ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλῦσεν (the knees ‘beneath him’), ὑπὸ δ' ἔτρεμε γυῖα, Il. 10.390; sometimes causal, thereunder, thereby, Od. 8.380, Il. 8.4; thus to denote accompaniment in music, λίνον δ' ὑπὸ κᾶλὸν ἄειδεν (to it, the harp), Il. 18.570, Od. 21.411. — II. prep., (1) w. gen., of position or motion; under, out or forth from under; ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ἐλεῖν, κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τανύσσαι, Od. 5.346, and thus often w. verbs of hitting; ῥέει κρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους, ‘from beneath,’ Od. 9.141; then of agency, influence, by, through, in consequence of; δαμῆναι, θνήσκειν ὑπό τινος (‘at the hands of’), φεύγειν ὑπό τινος (‘before’), Il. 18.149 ; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης (‘from necessity,’ ‘perforce’), ὑπὸ δείους (‘for’), ὑπὸ φρῖκὸς Βορέω, Il. 23.692. —(2) w. dat., of position, under, and w. verbs of motion when the resulting position of rest is chiefly in mind, πίπτειν, τιθέναι τι ὑπό τινι, χ , Il. 16.378; instrumental or causal, under (not ‘by’ as w. the gen., but rather denoting subjection), ὑπὸ χερσί τινος θανέειν, ὀλέσαι ψῦχήν, γήραι ὕπο ἆρημένος, Od. 11.136; of power, mastery, δέδμητο λᾶὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ, γ 3, Il. 24.636; and of accompanying circumstances, ὑπὸ πομπῇ (‘under the guidance’), πνοιῇ ὕπο (‘with the breeze’), Od. 4.402. —(3) w. acc., of motion (or extension), under, but often where the idea of motion is quite faint, ζώειν ὑπ' αὐγᾶς ἠελίοιο, thinking of the duration of life, Od. 15.349, Il. 5.267; of time, during, Il. 16.202, Il. 22.102.
English (Slater)
ὑπό <span class=mstonen>A prep. (anastrophe (P. 3.10), (P. 5.100), (P. 1.64), (P. 11.18), (N. 1.35) )
1 c. acc.,
a under, below ὑπὸ Κυλλάνας ὄρο̄ς, Ἁγησία, μάτρωες ἄνδρες ναιετάοντες (Π: ὅροις codd.) (O. 6.77) τὸν κρύψαν ἔνερθ' ὑπὸ γᾶν διφρηλάτα Ἀμφιτρύωνος σάματι (P. 9.81) [codd. (P. 10.15) ] ὄλβιος ὅστις ἰδὼν κεῖν' εἶσ ὑπὸ χθόν fr. 137. 1.
b under, up to the walls of θαλασσίαις ἀνέμων ῥιπαῖσι πεμφθεὶς ὑπὸ Τροίαν (N. 3.60)
2 c. gen.,
a below πολλά μοι ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος ὠκέα βέλη ἔνδον ἐντὶ φαρέτρας (O. 2.83) λόχμας ὑπὸ κυανέας τίκτε θεόφρονα κοῦρον (O. 6.40) λόχμαισι δὲ δοκεύσαις ὑπὸ Κλεωνᾶν δάμασε (O. 10.30) ταί θ' ὑπ Αἴτνας ὑψιλόφου καλλίπλουτοι πόλιες (O. 13.111) [coni. Bergk (P. 8.77) ] ἔθηκε καὶ βαθυλείμων ὑπὸ Κίρρας πετρᾶν ἀγὼν κρατησίποδα Φρικίαν (Christ: βαθυλείμων(α)ἀγὼν πέτραν codd.) (P. 10.15)
b from (out of) of the delivery of a child, ἦλθεν δ' ὑπὸ σπλάγχνων ὑπ ὠδῖνός τ ἐρατᾶς Ἴαμος ἐς φάος αὐτίκα (O. 6.43) “παῖδα ὃν κλυτὸς Ἑρμᾶς εὐθρόνοις ὥραισι καὶ Γαίᾳ ἀνελὼν φίλας ὑπὸ ματέρος οἴσει” (P. 9.61) ἐπεὶ σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος αὐτίκα θαητὰν ἐς αἴγλαν παῖς Διὸς ὠδῖνα φεύγων μόλεν (N. 1.35) met., of deliverance, ὑπ' ἀμαχανίας ἄγων ἐς φάος τόνδε δᾶμον ἀστῶν (ἀπ byz.) (O. 5.14) Ὀρέστα· τὸν δὴ Κλυταιμήστρας χειρῶν ὕπο κρατερᾶν ἐκ δόλου τροφὸς ἄνελε δυσπενθέος (P. 11.18)
c to the accompaniment of τεαὶ γὰρ ὧραι ὑπὸ ποικιλοφόρμιγγος ἀοιδᾶς ἑλισσόμεναί (O. 4.2) καί νυν ὑπ' ἀμφοτέρων σὺν Διαγόρᾳ κατέβαν (i. e. with lyre and flute) (O. 7.13) σειρῆνα δὲ κόμπον αὐλίσκων ὑπὸ λωτίνων μιμήσομ' ἀοιδαῖς Παρθ. 2. 14.
d of agency,
I of things, under the influence of ἐσλῶν γὰρ ὑπὸ χαρμάτων πῆμα θνᾴσκει O.2.19.cf.O.6.43.
II of pers. ἀλλ' αἶνον ἐπέβα κόρος οὐ δίκᾳ συναντόμενος ἀλλὰ μάργων ὑπ ἀνδρῶν under the influence of (O. 2.96) Κορινθίων ὑπὸ φωτῶν ἐν ἐσλοῦ Πέλοπος πτυχαῖς ὀκτὼ στεφάνοις ἔμιχθεν ἤδη by, at the the hands of (N. 2.20)
3 c. dat.,
a lying below, at the foot of [ὑπὸ Κυλλάνας ὅροις (ὄρος Π.) (O. 6.77) ] τὰ δ' ὑπ ὀφρύι Παρνασσίᾳ ἕξ (v. l. ἐπ) (O. 13.106) ὄχθαις ὕπο Ταυγέτου ναίοντες (P. 1.64) δασκίοις Φλειοῦντος ὑπ' ὠγυγίοις ὄρεσιν (N. 6.44) ἐν δὲ κέχλαδ[εν] κρόταλ' αἰθομένα τε δαὶς ὑπὸ ξανθαῖσι πεύκαις Δ. 2. 11.
b down in, under ἁμέραν τὰν μὲν παρὰ πατρὶ φίλῳ Δὶ νέμονται, τὰν δ' ὑπὸ κεύθεσι γαίας ἐν γυάλοις Θεράπνας (N. 10.56) ἥβαν γὰρ οὐκ ἄπειρον ὑπὸ χειᾷ καλῶν δάμασεν (I. 8.70) “ὑπὸ σπλάγχ[νοις] φέροισα τόνδ' ἀνέῤ Πα. 8A. 18. πρῶτον εὐνάσθην ἀγαπατὸς ὑπὸ σπαργάνοις fr. 193.
c from under (θρῆνον) τὸν παρθενίοις ὑπό τ' ἀπλάτοις ὀφίων κεφαλαῖς ἄιε λειβόμενον (P. 12.9)
d yoked to ἐριζόμεναι νᾶες ἐν πόντῳ καὶ λτ;ὑφγτ;ἅρμασιν ἵπποι (Bergk e Σ: ἐν unus cod.; om. alter) (I. 5.5) ὑφ' ἅρμασιν ἵππος (v. l. ἐν) fr. 234. 1.
e by means of, by, with βωμοὺς ἓξ διδύμους ἐγέραρεν ἑορταῖς θεῶν μεγίσταις ὑπὸ βουθυσίαις ἀέθλων τε πεμπαμέροις ἁμίλλαις (O. 5.6) μεγαλᾶν δ' ἀρετᾶν δρόσῳ μαλθακᾷ ῥανθεισᾶν κώμων ὑπὸ χεύμασιν (byz.: θ' ὑπὸ codd.) (P. 5.100) (σοφοὶ) οὐδ' ὑπὸ κέρδει βλάβεν (N. 7.18) λέγοντι γὰρ Αἰακόν μιν ὑπὸ ματροδόκοις γοναῖς φυτεῦσαι (N. 7.84) αἰδὼς γὰρ ὑπὸ κρύφα κέρδει κλέπτεται (N. 9.33) “νῦν σε, νῦν εὐχαῖς ὑπὸ θεσπεσίαις λίσσομαι” (I. 6.44) κείνων λυθέντες σαῖς ὑπὸ χερσίν, ἄναξ fr. 35. ὁ δὲ μηδὲν ἔχων ὑπὸ σιγᾷ μελαίνᾳ κάρα κέκρυπται Παρθ. 1. 9.
f under the force of, under the influence of [εἴ τί τοι Πίσας τε καὶ Φερενίκου χάρις νόον ὑπὸ γλυκυτάταις ἔθηκε φροντίσιν (v. ὑποτίθημι) (O. 1.19) ] ὑπὸ στερεῷ πυρὶ πλαγαῖς τε σιδάρου βαθὺν εἰς ὀχετὸν ἄτας ἵζοισαν ἑὰν πόλιν (O. 10.36) δαμεῖσα χρυσέοις τόξοισιν ὕπ' Ἀρτέμιδος (Hermann: ὑπ codd.) (P. 3.10) βελέων ὑπὸ ῥιπαῖσι κείνου φαιδίμαν γαίᾳ πεφύρσεσθαι κόμαν ἔνεπεν (N. 1.68) ἦ μὰν ἀνόμοιά γε δᾴοισιν ἐν θερμῷ χροὶ ἕλκεα ῥῆξαν πελεμιζόμενοι ὑπ' ἀλεξιμβρότῳ λόγχᾳ (N. 8.30) δαίμων δὲ παρίσχει, ἄλλοτ' ἄλλον ὕπερθε βάλλων ἄλλον δ ὑπὸ χειρῶν μέτρῳ καταβαίνει (v. l. μέτρον: post χειρῶν distinxit Bergk) (P. 8.77) τῶν μὲν ὑπὸ στάθμᾳ νέμονται (I. 9.4) ἐκράνθην ὑπὸ δαιμονίῳ τινι (sc. δείματι, simm.) — συνάγεν θρόον (Pae. 9.34)
g of pers., by, through ὑπ' Ἀπόλλωνι γλυκείας πρῶτον ἔψαυσ Ἀφροδίτας (O. 6.35) “ἐρατὸν λύοι κεν χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωι παρθενίας” (I. 8.45)
4 fragg. ]α βοῦς ὑπ' οἴστρ[ fr. 51f. b. 13. ]ὕπο[ P. Oxy. 2447. 5. <span class=mstonen>B in tmesis νόον ὑπὸ γλυκυτάταις ἔθηκε φροντίσιν (v. ὑποτίθημι) (O. 1.19) ὑπὸ κίονες ἕστασαν (v. ὑφίσταμι) (Pae. 8.69)
English (Abbott-Smith)
ὑπό (before smooth breathing ὑπ’, Mt 8:9b, Lk 7:8b; before rough breathing ὑφ’, Ro 3:9; on the neglect of elision in Mt, Lk, ll. c.a, Ga 3:22, v. WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., iv), prep. c. gen., dat. (not in NT), acc.
I.C. gen., primarily of place, under, hence, metaph., of the efficient cause, by: after passive verbs, c. gen. pers., Mt 1:22, Mk 1:5, Lk 2:18, Jo 14:21, Ac 4:11, I Co 1:11, He 3:4, al.; c. gen. rei, Mt 8:24, Lk 7:24, Ro 3:21, al.; with neut. verbs and verbs with pass, meaning, Mt 17:12, Mk 5:26, I Co 10:9, 10 I Th 2:14, al.
II.C. acc., under;
1.of motion: Mt 5:15 8:8, Mk 4:21, Lk 13:34; hence, metaph., of subjection, Ro 7:14, I Co 15:27, Ga 3:22, I Pe 5:6, al.
2.Of position: Jo 1:49, Ac 4:12, Ro 3:13, I Co 10:1, al.; hence, metaph., under, subject to, Mt 8:9, Ro 3:9, I Co 9:20, Ga 4:5, al.
3.Of time, about: Ac 5:21.
III.In composition: under (ὑποδέω), hence, of subjection (ὑποτάσσω), compliance (ὑπακούω), secrecy (ὑποβάλλω), diminution (ὑποπνέω).
English (Strong)
a primary preposition; under, i.e. (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (underneath) or where (below) or time (when (at)): among, by, from, in, of, under, with. In the comparative, it retains the same general applications, especially of inferior position or condition, and specially, covertly or moderately.
English (Thayer)
(i. e. Latin sub (Curtius, § 393)), preposition, under, in secular authors used with the genitive, dative, and accusative, but in the N. T. with the genitive and accusative only. (On the use and the omission of elision with it before words beginning with a vowel, see WH's Appendix, p. 146{b}; Tdf Proleg., p. 4, (addenda et emendanda).) I. with the genitive (cf. Winer s Grammar, 364 (342), 368f, (346); Buttmann, § 147,29), it is used:
1. properly, in a local sense, of situation or position under something higher, as ὑπό χτονος, often from Homer down; ὁ ἐπί γῆς καί ὑπό γῆς χρυσός, Plato, legg. 5, p. 728a.; hence,
2. metaphorically, of the efficient cause, as that under the power of which an event is conceived of as being; here the Latin uses ἆ or ἀβ, and the English by; thus a. after passive verbs — with the genitive of a person: L T Tr WH); ); R G; L T Tr WH); R G L); φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης ὑπό τῆς μεγαλοπρεποῦς δόξης, when a voice was brought by the majestic glory (cf. R. V. marginal reading), i. e. came down to him from God, γίνομαι, to be done, effected, R L in brackets; γίνεται τίνι ἐπιβουλή, ἡ ἐπιτιμία ἡ ὑπό τῶν πλειόνων, namely, ἐπιτιμηθεισα, πορεύω, at the end); πάσχειν ὑπό τίνος, Homer, Iliad 11,119; Thucydides 1,77; Xenophon, symp. 1,9; Cyril 6,1, 36; Hier. 7,8); ἀπολέσθαι, to perish, Herodotus 3,32on); ὑπομένειν τί, ἀντιλογία, 2); λαμβάνειν namely, πληγάς, to be beaten, ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ῤομφαία καί ὑπό τῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς, by the wild beasts, ) (so ὠλεσε θυμόν ὑφ' Ἐκτορος, Homer, Iliad 17,616; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1393; (Buttmann, 341 (293))). II. with the accusative (Winer's Grammar, § 49, k.);
1. of motion, in answer to the question 'whither?': to come ὑπό τήν στέγην, ἐπισυνάγειν, ἔχω τινα ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν, γίνεσθαι, born under i. e. subject to, Rst εἰς ὑπκρισιν).
2. of situation, position, tarrying: after κατασκηνοῦν, κάθημαι, εἶναι: (to and under) in a local or proper sense, ἡ ὑπό (τόν) ὀυρνανος namely, χώρα, πάσῃ κτίσει τῇ ὑπό τόν οὐρανοῦ, namely, οὔσῃ, τά ὑπό τόν οὐρανόν namely, ὄντα, τά ὑπό σελήνην, Philo de vit. Moys. ii., § 12); εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τί, to be under, i. e. subject to the power of, any person or thing: ὑπό ἐξουσίαν namely, ὤν, L WH brackets read ὑπό ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος (set under authority), so also the Sinaiticus manuscript); οἱ ὑπό νόμον, namely, ὄντες, ὑπό ἐκπληξιν εἶναι, Protevangelium Jacobi, 18). τηρεῖν τινα, φρουρεῖσθαι, sub (cf. sub vespe. ram), equivalent to about (see examples from the Greek writings in Passow, p. 2111{a}; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, C. III.)): ὑπό τόν ὄρθρον, about daybreak, R G is counted (cf. III. in Composition ὑπό denotes:
1. locality, under: ὑποκάτω, ὑποπόδιον, ὑπωπιάζω, ὑποδέω; of the goal of motion, i. e. ὑπό τί, as ὑποδέχομαι (under one's roof); ὑπολαμβάνω (to receive by standing under); ὑποβάλλω, ὑποτίθημι; tropically, in expressions of subjection, compliance, etc., as ὑπακούω, ὑπακοή, ὑπηκως, ὑπόδικος, ὕπανδρος, ὑπάγω, ὑπολείπω, ὑποχωρέω.
2. small in degree, slightly, as ὑποπνέω.
Greek Monotonic
ὑπό: [ῠ], Λατ. sub, πρόθ. με γεν., δοτ. και αιτ. Επικ. ὑπαί πριν από δ, π.
Α. ΜΕ ΓΕΝ.,
I. 1. λέγεται για τόπο, από κάτω, ῥέεικρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· λέγεται για διάσωση, απαλλαγή από την εξουσία κάποιου· ακολουθ. τα ρήματα ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ἵππους λῦσαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ, έλυσαν τα άλογα από κάτω από τον ζυγό, σε Όμηρ.
2. κάτω από, από κάτω, μοχλὸν ὑπὸ σποδοῦ ἤλασα, έμπηξα, έχωσα τη ράβδο μέσα και κάτω από τα αναμμένα κάρβουνα φωτιάς που κοντεύει να σβήσει, κάτω από τη θράκα, χόβολη, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τυχήσας, πλήττοντάς τον κάτω από το στήθος, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑπὸ χθονός, σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.
II. 1. χρησιμ. για το ποιητ. αίτιο, με Παθ. ρήματα, από/μέσω, Λατ. a ή ab, ὑπό τινος δαμῆναι, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ, από δική του ενέργεια, δηλ. αφ' εαυτού, σε Θουκ.· επίσης, φεύγειν ὑπό τινος, δηλ. καταδιώκομαι από κάποιον και φεύγω, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ἔπαινον ἔχειν ὑπό τινος, σε Ηρόδ.·
2. λέγεται για πράγματα και πρόσωπα, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου, σε Θουκ.· ἐνδακρύειν χαρᾶς ὕπο, σε Αισχύλ.· μαίνεται ὑφ' ἡδονῆς, σε Σοφ.· ὀρύσσειν ὑπὸ μαστίγων, σκάβω, εξορύσσω κάτω από το φόβο, υπό απειλή μαστιγίου, δηλ. εξορύσσω ενώ μαστιγώνομαι, σε Ηρόδ.
3. λέγεται για μουσική συνοδεία, στον ρυθμό ενός πράγματος, κωμάζειν ὑπ' αὐλοῦ, σε Ησίοδ.· πίνειν ὑπὸ σάλπιγγος, σε Αριστοφ.· έπειτα, για οτιδήποτε συνοδεύει κάτι, δαΐδων ὑπὸ λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον, υπό το φως δαυλών, πυρσών, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι, προσφορά θυσίας που συνοδεύεται από εύφημη βοή, σε Σοφ.· ὑπὸ πομπῆς, σε ή με επίσημη, σοβαρή πομπή, σε Ηρόδ. Β. ΜΕ ΔΟΤ., λέγεται για τόπο ή για θέση,
1. ὑπὸ ποσσί, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ, στο ίδ.· ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ, κάτω από τα τείχη του, σε Ευρ.· ὑφ' ἅρμασι, κάτω από το άρμα, δηλ. ζευγμένος σε αυτό, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.
2. ὑπὸ χερσί τινος δαμῆναι, υποταγμένος κάτω από, δηλ. μέσω της δύναμης των όπλων του, στο ίδ.· ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμῆναι, στο ίδ.
II. 1. λέγεται για πρόσωπο υπό την εξουσία ή την επιρροή του οποίου γίνεται κάτι, φέβεσθαι ὑπό τινι, τρέπομαι σε φυγή ενώπιόν του, στο ίδ.· ὑπὸ πομπῇ τινος βῆναι, ακολουθώ, κατατάσσομαι, συμμετέχω σε φάλαγγα, σε εφοδιοπομπή, στη νηοπομπή κάποιου, στο ίδ.
2. λέγεται για δήλωση υποταγής, ὑπό τινι, κάτω από την εξουσία κάποιου, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· εἶναιὑπό τινι, είμαι υποτελής κάποιου, σε Θουκ.· ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ, υπόκειμαι στην εξουσία κάποιου, στις διαταγές κάποιου, σε Ξεν.
3. χρησιμ. για πράγματα που έρχονται σε μία τάξη, ἐργασίαι ὑπὸ ταῖς τέχναις, σε Πλάτ.
4. όπως στο
Α. II. 3, ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον, προχωρούσαν στον ρυθμό της μουσικής του αυλητή, σε Ησίοδ.· γενικά, λέγεται για συνακόλουθες περιστάσεις, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· ὑπὸ σκότῳ, νυκτί, σε Αισχύλ. Γ. ΜΕ ΑΙΤ., λέγεται για τόπο, προς και κάτω από,
I. 1. ὑπὸ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα, τα οδήγησε κάτω από, δηλ. μέσα στη σπηλιά, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν, σε Ομήρ. Οδ.· ὑπὸ δικαστήριον ἄγειν, φέρνω κάποιον κάτω από ή ενώπιον των υψηλών εδρών των δικαστών, σε Ηρόδ.
2. όπως το ὑπό με δοτ. χωρίς έννοια κίνησης, ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε, παντού κάτω από τον ήλιο, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑπὸτὴν ἄρκτον, σε Ηρόδ.· τὸ ὑπὸ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν, σε Θουκ.
II. λέγεται για υποταγή, ποιεῖσθαι ὑπὸ σφᾶς, στον ίδ. κ.λπ.
III. λέγεται για χρόνο, όπως το Λατ. sub, μόλις μετά, σχεδόν κατά, ὑπὸ νύκτα, κατά τη νύχτα, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑπὸ ταῦτα, εκείνη περίπου την περίοδο, σε Ηρόδ.· ὑπὸτὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα, κατά την περίοδο που κάηκε ο ναός, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.· ὑπὸ τὸν σεισμόν, κατά την περίοδο του σεισμού, σε Θουκ.
IV.χρησιμ. για μουσική συνοδεία, ὑπὸ αὐλὸν διαλέγεσθαι, σε Ξεν.
V. ὑπό τι, ως επίρρ., σ' έναν συγκεκριμένο βαθμό, κατά ένα συγκεκριμένο μέτρο, Λατ. aliquatenus, σε Πλάτ. Δ. ΘΕΣΗ, η ὑπὸ μπορεί πάντοτε να ακολουθεί μετά την πτώση, οπότε με αναστροφή μετατρέπεται σε ὕπο. Ε. ΩΣ ΕΠΙΡΡ.,
1. κάτω από, από κάτω, από κάτω, σε Όμηρ.
2. από πίσω, σε Ηρόδ.
II. μυστικά, απαρατήρητα, ανεπαίσθητα, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ. Ζ. ΣΤΑ ΣΥΝΘ.,
I. 1. κάτω από, λέγεται για στάση και κίνηση, όπως στα ὕπ-ειμι, ὑπο-βαίνω.
2. λέγεται για περίβλημα, επένδυση ή περικάλυψη ενός πράγματος από ένα άλλο, όπως στο ὑπό-χρυσος.
3. λέγεται για δήλωση υποταγής, ὑπο-δαμνάω, ὑφ-ηνίοχος.
II. μάλλον, κάπως, λιγάκι, λίγο, ὑπο-κινέω, ὑπό-λευκος, κρυφά, ανεπαίσθητα, μυστικά, ὑποθωπεύω.
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ὑπό:
I (ῠ) adv. внизу, снизу: τρομέει δ᾽ ὑ. γυῖα Hom. ноги дрожат подо мной; πῖαρ ὕπ᾽ οὖδας Hom. внизу (находится) тучная почва; ὑ. δὲ φαρετρεῶνες ἐκρέμαντο Her. снизу же висели колчаны.
II эп.-поэт. тж. ὑπαί (перед δ и π), в анастрофе ὕπο, in elisione ὑπ᾽ - перед придых. ὑφ᾽
1) praep. cum gen.; 1.1) из-под: ἐρύειν τι ὑ. τινος Hom. вырвать что-л. из-под кого-л., т. е. из чьих-л. рук; ὑ. βλεφάρων Hom. из-под век: ὑ. χθονός Hes. из-под земли (ср. 2); 1.2) под (на вопросы «куда» и «где»): ὑ. χθονός Hom. (ср. 1) и ὑ. γῆς Plat. под землей или под землю; οἱ ὑ. χθονός Aesch., Soph. погребенные, умершие; λαβεῖν ὑ. μάλης τι Plat. взять что-л. под мышку; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχεῖν Hom. поразить под (самую) грудь; ὑ. τῆς αἰθρίας Xen. под открытым небом; 1.3) у подножия (ὑ. τῆς πλατάνου Plat.); 1.4) от, из: τὸ ὑπό τινος λοιπόν Dem. остаток от чего-л.; λύεσθαι ἵππους ὑ. ζυγοῦ Hom. распрягать лошадей; 1.5) от, из-за, по причине: δαμῆναι δουρὶ ὑ. τινος Hom. пасть от чьего-л. копья; ὑ. τινος θνῄσκειν Hom. и ἀποθνῄσκειν Her., Thuc. умирать от чьей-л. руки; χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων Plat. тяжело страдать от ран; ἀϋσάντων ὑπ᾽ Ἀχαιῶν Hom. от крика ахейцев; ὑ. χάρματος HH или χαρᾶς ὕ. Aesch. от радости; ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης Hom. поневоле; ὀργῆς ὕπο Eur. из-за гнева; ὑ. ταύτης τῆς αἰτίας Plat. по этой причине; ὑπ᾽ ἄλγους Aesch. и ὑπ᾽ ὀδύνης Plat. от боли; ὑπ᾽ ἀγνοίας Aesch. по незнанию; ὑφ᾽ ἡδονῆς Soph. из-за (ради) удовольствия; μνήμης ὕπο Soph. по памяти; ὑ. ἀπλοίας Thuc. вследствие неблагоприятных для плавания условий; ὑ. τῆς παρεούσης συμφορῆς Her. ввиду случившегося несчастья; 1.6) с, при, в сопровождении: ὑπ᾽ αὐλοῦ Hes., Her. под звуки свирели; ὑπ᾽ οἰωνῶν καλῶν Eur. при благоприятных предзнаменованиях; ἄελλα ὑ. βροντῆς Hom. буря с громом; ὑπὸ φανοῦ Xen. при свете факела; ὑπὸ σκότου Soph., Xen. во тьме, перен. втайне; ὑ. πομπῆς Her. в торжественном шествии; ὑ. θυσιῶν καὶ ὑ. εὐχῶν Plat. среди жертвоприношений и молитв; ὑ. μαστίγων Her. под ударами бичей; ὑπ᾽ εὐκλείας θανεῖν Eur. умереть со славой; 1.7) в подчинении у: λαοὶ ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ Hom. управляемые им народные массы; ὑπ᾽ ὀρφανιστῶν Soph. под властью опекунов; 1.8) при обознач. действующего лица (ср. англ. by, франц. par), в переводе обычно опускается; существительное переводится творительным падежом, иногда же может быть передано выражениями из-за, через посредство, благодаря и т. п.: εὖ πράττειν ὑ. τινος Soph. быть облагодетельствованным кем-л.; αἰτίας ἔχειν ὑ. τινος Xen. быть обвиненным кем-л.; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι ὑπό τινος Thuc. быть в почете у кого-л.; ὑπ᾽ ἀγγέλων Plat. через (посредство) гонцов; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή Xen. всеобщее уважение; εὖ ἀκούειν ὑπό τινος Xen. пользоваться хорошей репутацией у кого-л.; τὸ ὑ. τοῦ νόμου ἐπίταγμα Plat. предписанное законом; ἡ ὑπό τινος παίδευσις Xen. полученное от кого-л. воспитание;
2) praep. cum dat.; 2.1) под (ὑ. δρυΐ, ὑπ᾽ οὐρανῷ Hom.; ὑ. τῷ ἱματίῳ Plat.): ὑφ᾽ ἅρμασιν Hom. и ὑ. τοῖς ἅρμασιν ἵπποι Xen. запряженные или упряжные лошади; 2.2) из-под (ὑ. ποσσὶ κονίσαλος ὤρνυτο Hom.); 2.3) у подножия (τείχει ὕπο Τρώων Hom.): ὑ. ὄρει Xen. у подошвы горы; ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλει Her. у основания акрополя; 2.4) под управлением, в зависимости от (ὑπό τινι εἶναι Thuc., Plat.): τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Plat. подвластные людям животные; ὑφ᾽ ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν Xen. иметь в своей власти; ὑφ᾽ ἑαυτῷ ποιεῖσθαι Her. подчинить себе; ὑπό τινι γενέσθαι Her., Thuc., Xen. оказаться под чьей-л. властью; τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις τέχναις Plat. относящееся к области пространственных искусств; ὑ. Καίσαρι στρατεΰεσθαι Plut. служить в армии под началом Цезаря; ὑ. πόλεσι καὶ νόμοις οἰκεῖν Isocr. жить в условиях государственности и законности; 2.5) от, из-за, по причине: ὑ. χερσί τινος θανέειν Hom. умереть от чьей-л. руки; ὑ. δουρὶ τυπείς Hom. пораженный копьем; 2.6) (при обозначении действующего лица, ср. англ. by, франц. par; в переводе обычно опускается): ὑπό τινος κτεινόμενος Hom. пораженный кем-л.; τὸν ὑπ᾽ Ἀδμήτῳ τέκε Ἄλκηστις Hom. (Эвмел), которого Алкестида родила от Адмета; ὑπό τινι τεθραμμένος или πεπαιδευμένος Plat. воспитанный кем-л.; 2.7) в сопровождении: ὑ. τυμπάνοις Luc. под звуки тимпанов; ὑ. σκότῳ Aesch., Eur. во тьме, перен. тайком, втайне; ὑ. πομπῇ τινος Hom. в сопровождении кого-л.; ὑ. φωτὶ πολλῷ Plut. при ярком свете;
3) praep. cum acc.; 3.1) под, в (на вопросы «куда?» и «где?»): ἐλθεῖν или νέεσθαι ὑ. ζόφον Hom. сойти в царство теней; ὑ. ζυγὸν ἄγειν ἵππους Hom. подводить под ярмо, т. е. запрягать лошадей; ὑ. σπέος Hom. в пещеру; ὑ. δικαστήριον ἄγειν τινά Her. вести кого-л. в судилище; ὑ. Ἴλιον ἐλθεῖν Hom. прийти под стены Илиона; ὑ. γῆν Hom., Her. в (под) землю и в земле (под землей); ὑπ᾽ ἠῶ τ᾽ ἠέλιόν τε Hom. под восходящим и взошедшим солнцем, т. е. на целом свете; 3.2) под покровом, под защитой, за: κατακρύπτειν τινὰ ὑ. τὴν θύρην Her. скрывать кого-л. за дверью; ὑ. τὸν ἱμάτιον Luc. под плащом; ὑ. τινα ἰέναι Hom. спрятаться за кого-л.; ὑ. τὸν πεζὸν στρατόν Her. под защитой сухопутной армии; 3.3) у подножия: ὑ. τὸ ὄρος Hom., Xen. у подошвы горы; ὑ. τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Thuc. у основания акрополя; ὑ. τινα καθίζεσθαι Plut. садиться ниже кого-л.; τὰ ὑ. τὴν ἄρκτον Her. северные (полярные) области; 3.4) в зависимости от, в подчинении у: γενέσθαι ὑ. τινα Thuc. оказаться под чьей-л. властью; οἱ ὑ. Μήδους Xen. подданные мидийского царства; οἱ ὑφ᾽ αὑτῷ ἄρχοντες Xen. подчиненные ему полководцы; ἄνθρωπος ὑ. ἐξουσίαν NT подневольный человек; ὑ. τὸ αὐτὸ εἶδος εἶναι Arst. относиться к тому же виду; οἱ ὑπό τι τεταγμένοι Luc. принадлежащие к какому-л. разряду; τὸ ὑ. τὸν ὁρισμόν Arst. содержание определения; 3.5) около, ко времени: ὑ. νύκτα Hom., Her. с наступлением ночи; ὑ. τὸν ὄρθρον NT на рассвете; ὑ. ταῦτα Her. и ὑ. τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον Thuc. в это время; ὑπό τι Hom., Her., Thuc. во время чего-л.; 3.6) близко к: ὑπό τι μικρόν Arph. немножко, чуточку; ὑπό τι ἄτοπος Plat. несколько странный; 3.7) в сопровождении, при (ὑπ᾽ αὐγὰς λεύσσειν τι Eur.): ὑπ᾽ ὄρχησιν καὶ ᾠδήν Plat. с пляской и песнями; ὑ. τὸν αὐλόν Xen. под звуки свирели.
Middle Liddell
[epic ὑπαί before δ, π]
Perseus. from under, by, c. gen. under, c. dat., towards c. acc.
Lat. sub, prep. with gen., dat. and acc.
A. WITH GEN.,
I. of Place, from under, ῥέει κρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους Od.: of rescuing from under another's power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, Il.; ἵππους λῦσαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ they loosed the horses from under the yoke, Hom.
2. under, beneath, μοχλὸν ὑπὸ σποδοῦ ἤλασα thrust the bar in under the embers, Od.; ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τυχήσας having hit him under the breast, Il.; ὑπὸ χθονός Hom., etc.
II. of the Agent, with pass. Verbs, by, Lat. a or ab, ὑπό τινος δαμῆναι Il.; ὑφ' ἑαυτοῦ by one's own action, i.e. of oneself, Thuc.; so also, with neut. verbs, φεύγειν ὑπό τινος, i. e. to flee before him, Il.; ἔπαινον ἔχειν ὑπό τινος Hdt.
2. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου Thuc.; ἐνδακρύειν χαρᾶς ὕπο Aesch.; μαίνεται ὑφ' ἡδονῆς Soph.; ὀρύσσειν ὑπὸ μαστίγων to dig under fear of scourges, Hdt.
3. of accompanying music, to the sound of, κωμάζειν ὑπ' αὐλοῦ Hes.; πίνειν ὑπὸ σάλπιγγος Ar.: then, of anything attendant, δαΐδων ὑπὸ λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il.; ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι to offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, Soph.; ὑπὸ πομπῆς in or with solemn procession, Hdt.
B. WITH DAT. of Place or Position, ὑπὸ ποσσί Il.; ὑπὸ πλατανίστῳ Il.; ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ under its walls, Eur.; ὑφ' ἅρμασι under, i. e. yoked to, the chariot, Il.
2. ὑπὸ χερσί τινος δαμῆναι to be subdued under, i. e. by force of his arms, Il.; ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμῆναι Il.
II. of the person under whose power or influence a thing is done, φέβεσθαι ὑπό τινι to flee before him, Il.; ὑπὸ πομπῇ τινος βῆναι to go under his convoy, Il.
2. expressing subjection, ὑπό τινι under one's power, Od.; εἶναι ὑπό τινι to be subject to him, Thuc.; ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ to have under one, Xen.
3. of things coming under a class, ἐργασίαι ὑπὸ ταῖς τέχναις Plat.
4. as in A. II. 3, ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον advanced to the music of the flute-player, Hes.: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od.; ὑπὸ σκότῳ, νυκτί Aesch.
C. WITH ACCUS. of Place, towards and under, ὑπὸ σπέος ἤλασε μῆλα drove them under, i.e. into, the cave, Il.; ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Od.; ὑπὸ δικαστήριον ἄγειν to bring under or before the tribunal, Hdt.
2. like ὑπό c. dat. without sense of motion, ὑπ' ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε everywhere under the sun, Il.; ὑπὸ τὴν ἄρκτον Hdt.; τὸ ὑπὸ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Thuc.
II. of subjection, ποιεῖσθαι ὑπὸ σφᾶς Thuc., etc.
III. of Time, like Lat. sub, just after, just about, ὑπὸ νύκτα towards night, Il.; ὑπὸ ταῦτα about that time, Hdt.; ὑπὸ τὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα about the time of its burning, Il.; ὑπὸ τὸν σεισμόν about the time of the earthquake, Thuc.
IV. of accompaniment, ὑπὸ αὐλὸν διαλέγεσθαι Xen.
V. ὑπό τι, as adv. to a certain degree, in some measure, Lat. aliquatenus, Plat.
D. POSITION: ὑπό can always follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe ὕπο.
E. AS ADV., under, below, beneath, Hom.
2. behind, Hdt.
II. secretly, unnoticed, Il.
F. IN COMPOSITION:
I. under, both of rest and motion, as ὕπ-ειμι, ὑπο-βαίνω.
2. of the casing or covering of one thing with another, as ὑπό-χρυσος.
3. to express subjection, ὑπο-δαμνάω, ὑφ-ηνίοχος.
II. somewhat, a little, ὑπο-κινέω, ὑπό-λευκος: underhand, secretly, ὑπο-θωπεύω.
Chinese
原文音譯:ØpÒ 虛坡
詞類次數:介詞(230)
原文字根:在下
字義溯源:被,由,經由,是被,就被,在⋯下*,在⋯之下,在⋯底下,藉,對於,都由,所,下,以下,之下,底下,從,蒙,受,用,為,有,著;所有格:被,蒙,所。直接受格:在下,大約,低於,服下
同源字:1) (ὑπό)在⋯下 2) (ὑποδέω)綁在腳底下 3) (ὑπόδικος)在判決之下 4) (ὑποκάτω)在底下 5) (ὑπολείπω)剩下 6) (ἀπομένω / ὑπομένω)停在下面 7) (ὑποστρωννύω)舖設於下面 8) (ὑποτίθημι)安置在下面 9) (ὑποπιάζω / ὑπωπιάζω)打中眼下
出現次數:總共(220);太(29);可(13);路(31);約(3);徒(41);羅(13);林前(21);林後(12);加(13);弗(4);腓(2);西(2);帖前(4);帖後(1);提前(1);提後(1);來(9);雅(7);彼前(2);彼後(5);約叄(2);猶(2);啓(2)
譯字彙編:
1) 被(72) 太2:16; 太4:1; 太5:13; 太8:24; 太10:22; 太11:7; 太14:8; 太14:24; 太19:12; 太23:7; 太24:9; 太27:12; 可5:4; 可8:31; 可13:13; 可16:11; 路7:24; 路8:29; 路14:8; 路14:8; 路16:22; 路17:20; 路21:16; 路21:17; 路21:20; 路21:24; 徒2:24; 徒4:11; 徒5:16; 徒10:38; 徒10:41; 徒13:4; 徒16:6; 徒22:11; 徒22:30; 徒23:27; 徒23:27; 徒24:26; 徒25:14; 徒26:2; 徒26:7; 徒27:41; 羅3:21; 羅12:21; 林前4:3; 林前4:3; 林前10:9; 林前10:10; 林前10:29; 林後2:11; 林後3:2; 林後5:4; 林後8:19; 林後11:24; 林後12:11; 加3:10; 腓1:28; 腓3:12; 帖前2:4; 提後2:26; 來2:3; 來11:23; 來12:3; 來12:5; 雅2:9; 雅3:4; 彼前2:4; 彼後2:17; 約叄1:12; 約叄1:12; 猶1:12; 啓6:13;
2) 從(12) 太3:6; 太3:13; 太6:2; 太17:12; 可1:5; 可1:9; 可1:13; 路3:7; 路7:30; 徒10:17; 林前1:11; 彼後1:21;
3) 由(11) 太20:23; 太22:31; 路2:18; 路2:21; 徒8:6; 徒26:6; 羅13:1; 羅15:24; 林後1:16; 加1:11; 彼後3:2;
4) 在⋯之下(10) 羅6:14; 羅6:14; 羅6:15; 羅6:15; 羅7:14; 加3:23; 加3:25; 加4:2; 加4:21; 加5:18;
5) 蒙(9) 約14:21; 徒10:22; 徒15:40; 林前2:12; 帖前1:4; 帖後2:13; 來5:4; 來5:10; 來7:7;
6) 所(9) 太1:22; 太2:15; 路13:17; 徒10:33; 徒13:45; 徒16:4; 徒17:19; 徒27:11; 弗5:12;
7) 下(9) 太8:8; 路7:6; 徒2:5; 羅16:20; 林前10:1; 林前15:25; 林前15:27; 弗1:22; 西1:23;
8) 在⋯下(7) 太8:9; 可4:32; 路7:8; 徒4:12; 加3:22; 加4:3; 雅2:3;
9) 為(7) 路4:15; 徒10:22; 徒10:42; 徒16:2; 徒22:12; 加3:17; 彼後2:7;
10) 受(6) 太4:1; 路4:2; 約8:9; 徒15:3; 林前6:12; 林後1:4;
11) 受了(4) 路8:14; 林後2:6; 帖前2:14; 帖前2:14;
12) 在⋯底下(4) 太5:15; 太23:37; 可4:21; 路11:33;
13) 以下(4) 林前9:20; 林前9:20; 林前9:20; 林前9:20;
14) 是被(4) 林前11:32; 加4:9; 弗2:11; 雅1:14;
15) 著(3) 路23:8; 徒12:5; 徒17:13;
16) 就被(3) 林前14:24; 林前14:24; 弗5:13;
17) 經由(3) 林後3:3; 林後8:19; 林後8:20;
18) 有(3) 路9:7; 路9:8; 羅3:13;
19) 之下(3) 羅3:9; 加4:5; 雅5:12;
20) 在⋯以下(2) 太8:9; 路7:8;
21) 用(2) 徒17:25; 雅3:4;
22) 邊(2) 路17:24; 路17:24;
23) 都由(2) 太11:27; 路10:22;
24) 藉(2) 太27:35; 啓6:8;
25) 底下(2) 可4:21; 約1:48;
26) 從⋯中(1) 彼後1:17;
27) 都必有(1) 來3:4;
28) 在⋯手下(1) 可5:26;
29) 在⋯裏(1) 猶1:6;
30) 是經由(1) 來9:19;
31) 是從(1) 雅3:6;
32) 在⋯下的(1) 提前6:1;
33) 服在⋯下(1) 彼前5:6;
34) 聚到⋯底下(1) 路13:34;
35) 於⋯之下(1) 加4:4;
36) 就將(1) 徒21:35;
37) 卻(1) 路3:19;
38) 將要(1) 徒5:21;
39) 對(1) 路2:26;
40) 有如(1) 可13:14;
41) 在(1) 太3:14;
42) 是由(1) 可2:3;
43) 於(1) 徒16:14;
44) 因(1) 徒20:3;
45) 蒙了(1) 林前7:25;
46) 乃是被(1) 林前8:3;
47) 被人(1) 林前2:15;
48) 出於(1) 羅13:1;
49) 要被(1) 徒23:10;
50) 隨著(1) 西2:18
English (Woodhouse)
below, beneath, owing to, at the fool of, deep down in, in subjection to, just after, of motion, of subjection, of the agent, to the accompaniment of, to the sound of, to the tune of, under pressure of, under the thumb of, with states of feeling